the gilded age - ms. sears' advanced placement us history · 2018. 9. 7. · the gilded age...
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The Gilded Age 7.3
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Political Machines
• Political machines: an organized group that controlled the activities of a city’s political party and offered services in exchange for support
• Machines controlled licensing and permits inside of a city– potential voters were granted these things in exchange for votes
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Political Machines
• Organized like a pyramid:
• City Boss• Sometimes served as mayor
• Controlled city jobs, courts, licenses, etc.
• Ward Boss• Helped poor in their district
• Traded favors for votes
• Precinct Workers and Captains• Helped gain support in small areas
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Famous Tammany Hall Bosses
• William Plunkitt:• Tammany Hall
• Arranged for housing and took care of other problems in the neighborhood.
• Was an Irishman but 15th ward was predominantly Jewish and Italian
• William Tweed:
• Head of Tammany Hall, NYC’s Democratic political machine
• The Tweed Ring was a group of corrupt politicians that cheated the city out of millions of dollars.
• Cartoonist Thomas Nast led to his prosecution and conviction.
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From NY Daily News By Thomas Nast
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The Tammany Tiger by Thomas Nast
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Fraud and Scandal• Wrote fake names on ballots to win elections
• Graft: the illegal use of political power for personal gain
• Received kickbacks or payments for their political services
• Lincoln Steffens charged that this was a corrupt system
• Tweed’s system was more corrupt than Plunkitt’sand he was brought down on charges of overpricing contracts for a lavish city courthouse
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Immigrants and the Machine
• Many of the people involved were immigrants who joined while very young
• Middle class reformers condemned immigrants for supporting the machines
• They got the support of other immigrants because they spoke their language and understood their problems.
• The machines helped immigrants find housing and jobs and become citizens in exchange for their votes.
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Thomas Nast
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Civil Service
• The spoils system or patronage gave government jobs to people who helped candidates get elected. Supported by Stalwarts
• Reformers wanted civil servants (government employees) to be chosen by their own merit.
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Pres. Rutherford B. Hayes
• Elected 1876 as Rep.
• Chose independents for his cabinet and turned against his own party while investigating customhouses
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Pres. James A. Garfield
• Elected in 1880 as a reformer Rep. with Arthur, a Stalwart, as VP
• Assassinated by Charles Guiteau, a Stalwart
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Pres. Chester A. Arthur
• Once President, he became a reformer passing the Pendleton Civil Service Act, which created an exam system for civil service jobs
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Cleveland vs. Harrison
• Pres Cleveland wanted to lower tariffs on imports.
• 1888: Cleveland lost reelection to Benjamin Harrison who raised the tariffs to help the big businesses.
• 1892: Cleveland reelected, wants to lower tariffs, but fails.