the geosynchronous hurricane observatory...bjorn lambrigtsen jet propulsion laboratory - california...
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Bjorn LambrigtsenJet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology
Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, Californiawww.nasa.gov This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2011 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged
The Geosynchronous Hurricane ObservatoryThe Geosynchronous Hurricane Observatory
Hurricanes & severe storms Warm core anomaly @ 55 GHz (continuously, in real time)
⇒ Surface pressure anomaly = Intensity, intensification/weakening Radar-emulating reflectivity (continuous coverage of entire life cycle)
⇒ Convective structure/shear, precipitation, microphysics Complete diurnal-cycle observations (< 15-minute time resolution)
⇒ Model improvements Real-time atmospheric stability indices (including under full cloud cover)
⇒ Severe storm warnings, tornado precursor detection AMV-inferred wind vectors (regardless of cloud cover)
⇒ Improved general forecast accuracy Hurricane forecast initialization (accurate “bogus” location & structure)
⇒ Improved hurricane forecasts
Synergy Complements GEO IR sounders (cloud clearing) Complements LEO sounders (swath-gap & temporal-gap filling) Complements GEO imagers (resolution enhancement of MW)
Technology
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Principle of aperture synthesis
Science
Dissecting hurricanes: 3D internal structure
Height resolved “R adar reflectivity” ⇒ Use radar algorithms to derive
• Precipitation rate• Ice water path• Convective intensity• Vertical structure
Vertical slicing through hurricane Emily - July 17, 2005
EDOP
HAMSR
Nadir along-track view
2 km
Scan swath view
MW sounderIs equivalent
to radar!
Correlation between MW-sounder ΔTb and radar reflectivity exceeds 90% at all levels except near surface
Inferredfrom
HAMSR
3 km
4 km
5 km
6 km
7 km
8 km
9 km
10 km
11 km
12 km13 km
14 km15 km
Data products
Temperaturesoundingchannels
Water vaporsoundingchannels
Physical basis of microwave sounding
Abs
orpt
ion
spec
trum
Wei
ghtin
g fu
nctio
ns
Simulated brightnesstemperature images(tropospheric temperaturesounding channels)
Mission plans
Near-termGOES-R/S time frame
Long-termGOES-U time frame
Outdoor scene (far field)
Indoor scene (near field)
Proof-of-concept prototypedemonstrated in 2005
Concept developmentFirst imagesPrototype
NASAʼs investmentsin GeoSTAR
are approaching $15M
A GeoSTAR mission willmeet key NOAA needsre. NWP & hurricanes
Technology development183-GHz LNAs Receiver modules Correlator & digitizer ASICs
Antenna modules
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
150 160 170 180 190
Frequency [GHz]
Gai
n [d
B],
Noi
se F
igur
e [d
B]
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
Noi
se T
empe
ratu
re [K
]
Gain [dB]NF [dB]NT [K]
New state of the art:order-of-magnitude
improvement in NEDT
Ultra compact,lightweight & low-power
Aalias-rejecting, veryhigh beam efficiency,feedhorn assemblies
High-speed ultralow-power circuits
Design innovation
Multiple-row antenna design maximizes the antenna beam efficiency and radiometric sensitivity andmakes it possible to synthesize non-gaussian antenna patterns to limit aliasing. This makes it possible to
focus the imaging area on a small region of interest using a small number of large-diameter feedhornsThe GeoSTAR team
Bjorn Lambrigtsen/JPL - PITodd Gaier/JPL - Task Manager
Alan Tanner/JPL - SystemPekka Kangaslahti/JPL - Receivers
Boon Lim/JPL - ElectronicsChris Ruf/U. Michigan - Correlators
Linda Herrell/JPL - Mission
“Venture” missionNew NASA program
a) Venture-M: Full missionb) Venture-I: Instrument only4-5 years rapid developmentVenture-M AO in 2011, 2015, etc.Venture-I AO in 2011, 2012, 2013, etc.
GeoSTAR/Venture missionSensor: GeoSTARObjective: Hurricanes/stormsFunding: NASA + partners
SatelliteHosted on commercial commsat
TimelineStart: 2012Launch: 2016
“PATH” missionDecadal-survey mission
Recommended by NRCThird tier5+ years developmentThird-tier missions not yet funded
GeoSTAR/PATH missionSensor: “Array radiometer”Objective: Hydrologic-cycle obs.Funding: NASA
SatelliteDedicated S/C
TimelineStart: 202XLaunch: late 2020ʼs?