the future with particle accelerators: new concepts and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Solar wind
protons + electrons , 800 kg/s , 500 km/s , 4 days
Magnetic field Sun/Earth: 1 kG/0.5 G
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Aurora Borealis
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Galactic source
Primary cosmic ray
(proton, nucleous)
Sciame di particelle
secondarie =
RC secondari
Earth
atmosphere
Cosmic ray acceleration according to E. Fermi
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P.Maponi, M.Ricci, F.Zirilli,_B.Spataro_IL NUOVO CIMENTO vol. *116 *B, N.*10*,(2001)
Lights in the skyObseved during the Apollo missions
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Cloud chamber
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GeV TeV PeV EeV ZeV
LHC
14 TeV
>1030 / cm2s
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Particle accelerators are born from
the need for systematic and
repeatable experiments to study the
ultimate constituents of matter, the
laws that govern them and
understand the origin and evolution
of the Universe
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proton
eneutron
Helium Atom: 2 p +2n + 2 e
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A unit of energy commonly used in
particle physics is the electron volt
(eV), which is defined as the energy an
electron gains when is moved through a
potential difference of 1 V.
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Magnetic Force
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E = 10 keV
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Electromagnetic Waveguide
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DIPOLI – determinano la traiettoria di riferimento
QUADRUPOLI – mantengono le oscillazioni di tutte le
particelle intorno alla traiettoria di riferimento
SESTUPOLI – correggono l’effetto cromatico dei quadrupoli
fascio
Campo elettrico
QUADRUPOLO
Particelle con diversa
energia vengono
focalizzate in modo
diverso: aberrazione
cromatica
I sestupoli correggono l’effetto
cromatico dei quadrupoli
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Medicine: Radiotherapy
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Terapia con protoni e ioni pesanti più efficace e più localizzata (risonanza di Bragg)
Medicine: Adrontherapy
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National Security
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Synchrotron Light
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Charged particle in circular motion
Radiation Simulator – T. Shintake, @ http://www-xfel.spring8.or.jp/Index.htm
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Scrolls Villa– Ercolano – 79 d. C.
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Tomografia a raggi X in contrasto di faseVito Mocella del CNR-IMM di Napoli in collaborazione con E.Brun e C. Ferrero dell'ESRF
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Free Electron Laser
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Radiation Simulator – T. Shintake, @ http://www-xfel.spring8.or.jp/Index.htm
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Lpulse = Nulrad < 1ps
Nu = 5{ {{ { {
lrad µlu
2g 2
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Free Electron LaserSelf-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission
(Tunable- up to X-ray)
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FEL Applications
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FIRST FLASH DIFFRACTION IMAGE OF A LIVING CELL
∞ 30606030
Resolution length on the detector (nm)
FLASH soft X-ray laser, Hamburg, Germany
FLASH pulse length: 10 fs
Wavelength: 13.5 nm
RECONSTRUCTED
CELL STRUCTURE
J. Hajdu, I. Andersson, F. Maia, M. Bogan, H. Chapman, and the imaging collaborationFilipe Maia, Uppsala
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nano lithography
•Extreme UV Lithographt is the candidate technology
with <50-35 nm
•Cost effective solutions based on FEL sources can be
foreseen
Michelangelo Ambrosio INFN-GINT
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E. Muybridge at L. Stanford in 1878
E. Muybridge, Animals in Motion, ed. L. S. Brown (Dover Pub. Co., New York 1957)
Courtesy Paul Emma (SLAC).
used spark photography to freeze this ‘ultra-fast’ process
E. Muybridge
disagree whether all feet leave the ground during gallop…
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Coulomb Explosion of Lysozyme (50 fs)
J. Hajdu, Uppsala U.
Atomic and
molecular
dynamics occur
at the fsec-scale
Single Molecule Imaging with Intense X-rays
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Experimental hall (Single Protein Imaging)
http://lcls.slac.stanford.edu/AnimationViewLCLS.aspx
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xfel.desy.de
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Short Wavelength SASE FEL
LCLS
LEUTL
VISA-HGHG 4GLS
Arc
en Ciel
TTF_II-FLASH
XFEL
BESSY
LEG SPARX
FERMI SCSS
PAL
SDUV
UCLA
LANL
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Trieste
Frascati
FELs Initiatives in Italy
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SPARC_LAB
(Sources for Plasma Accelerators and Radiation Compton
with Lasers And Beams
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HB photo- injector with Velocity Bunching
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Free Electron Laser
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Thomson back-scattering source
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High gradient acceleration
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High quality beam Plasma Accelerattion
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Laser beam
Electron beam
1 mm
Direct production of e-beam
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First Capillary Discharge (Oct. 23)
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Thank you
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The end