kiberusafrTxoebis momavali gamowvevebi. saqarTvelos

kiberusafrTxoebis politika da problemebi

vladimer svanaZe

saqarTvelos sazogadoebriv saqmeTa institutis socialur mecnierebaTa

doqtoranti, saerTaSoriso politikis magistri

winamdebare statiis mizania ganmartos kiberusafrTxoebis sferos momavali ganviTareba da am konteqstSi, ganixilos saqarTveloSi Seqmnili viTareba, romelic moicavs qveynis politikasa da im subieqtebs, romlebic pasuxismgebelni arian qveynis informaciuli infrastruqturis usafrTxoebaze. statiaSi aseve ganxilulia is problemebi, romlebic warmoadgens seriozul damabrkolebel garemoebas qveynis kiber sivrcis daculobaSi.

dargis aRiarebuli eqspertebi miiCneven, rom safrTxeebi eleqtronuli mmarTvelobis ganviTarebis paralelurad, kidev ufro gaizrdeba. isini prognozireben kiberusafrTxoebis axlo momavals, kerZod, gacifrovnebis procesi gagrZeldeba sul ufro meti intensivobiT da is SeaRwevs Cveni cxovrebis yvela aspeqtSi da Cveni sazogadoebis funqciebSi. adamianebi sul ufro da ufro damokidebulebi gaxdebian cifrul momsaxurebasa da sxvadasxva saxis informaciul da sakomunikacio teqnologiebze, rac xels Seuwyobs sazogadoebriobis rogorc moqalaqeebis, ise media saSualebebis interess kiberusafrTxoebis mimarT. momavalSi Tanamedrove sazogadoeba gaxdeba sul ufro mowyvladi, radgan, rTulia erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli da damokidebuli sistemebis srulad aRqma da dacva. gaizrdeba globaluri da Sida sazogadoebrivi damokidebulebebi, rac kiberusafrTxoebis gamowvevebs sul ufro globalur xasiaTs aZlevs da amdenad, arsebobs kiber safrTxeebze saerTaSoriso reagirebis aucilebloba. axali teqnologiuri inovaciebi ZiriTadad modis kerZo seqtoridan da es procesi sul ufro mzardi iqneba, rac erTi – orad zrdis aseve usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis saWiroebas. iqve, amis paralelurad aris axali teqnologiebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen kiberusafrTxoebas da miuxedavad amisa, kiber sivrceSi gaizrdeba gamalebuli SeiaraRebis procesi. kiberdanaSaulebebi kvlav iqneba gamowveva sazogadoebisTvis da ekonomikuri danakargebi sul ufro gaizrdeba, rac sxva mxriv xels Seuwyobs saxelmwifosa da kerZo seqtors Soris TanamSromlobis ganviTarebas. kiber SesaZleblobebis koncefcias gavlena eqneba saerTaSoriso politikaze da ZalauflebisTvis globalur brZolaze, rac aseve Seuwyobs xels kiber sivrceSi gamalebuli SeiaraRebis procesis gazrdis tendencias. savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom

axlo momavalSi moxdeba globaluri kiber katastrofa, rac mTlianad Secvlis Cvens midgomas ara marto kiberusafrTxoebis, aramed mTlianad kibersivrceSi saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis mimarT. kiberis axal epoqaSi gamarjvebuli iqneba is, vinc SeZlebs sabazro ekonomikis gaTvaliswinebiT, usafrTxoebis sakiTxebis kompleqsur gadawyvetas; gaaCniaT saukeTeso talantebis mobilizebis SesaZlebloba; SeswevT adaptaciis unari da yovelgvari Zalisxmevis gareSe imuSaon mravalerovan garemoSi (Aapo

Cederberg, 2015).

faqtiurad, yvela Tanxmdeba, rom kiberusafrTxoeba gaxda sagareo politikis Semadgeneli nawili da is sul ufro aqtiur rols TamaSobs saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis sakiTxSi. sainteresoa am mxriv ra mdgomareobaa saqarTveloSi?

rogorc cnobilia, ukve 2008 wlis agvistos omis periodSi da mis Semdeg ruseTis mxridan moxda masirebuli kiber Seteva qveynis informaciul infrastruqturaze, samTavrobo veb-gverdebze. qveyana dadga seriozuli problemis winaSe, iyo safrTxe, rom saqarTvelo moqceuliyo informaciul vakuumSi. miRebuli cudi gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, xelisuflebam daiwyo kiberusafrTxoebis sferos ganviTarebaze fiqri. kerZod, iusticiis saministroSi Seiqmna ssip – monacemTa dacvis saagento, ganisazRvra kritikuli informaciuli infrastruqturis subieqtebi, romelTa dacva daevala monacemTa gacvlis saagentos, Seiqmna kanoni „informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb“ da „kiberusafrTxoebis strategia“, aseve Tavdacvis saministroSi axali Seqmnilia ssip – kiberusafrTxoebis biuro, romelic pasuxismgebelia Tavdacvis sferoSi kiberusafrTxoebiTi RonisZiebebis gatarebaze. aseve Sinagan saqmeTa saministros centraluri kriminaluri policiis departamentSi arsebobs kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelo, da bolos rac aseve mniSvnelovania Seiqmna kiberusafrTxoebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ganmsazRvreli mTavari dokumenti – saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis 2013-2015 wlebis strategia. aqve SeiZleba aRvniSnoT organizacia „grenas“ dadebiTi roli da saqmianoba am mimarTulebiT.

saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis politikis ufro detalurad ganxilvisas aRmovaCenT, rom 2013 wlis maisSi gamoqveynda saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis strategia, romelic „warmoadgens „erovnuli usafrTxoebis mimoxilvis“ procesis farglebSi Seqmnili konceptualuri da strategiuli dokumentebis paketis nawils. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli strategia efuZneba „saqarTvelos safrTxeebis Sefasebis 2010 – 2013 w.w. dokuments“ da „saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcias““. strategiaSi vkiTxulobT, rom „saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis strategia aris kiberusafrTxoebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ganmsazRvreli ZiriTadi dokumenti, romelic asaxavs strategiul miznebs, ZiriTad principebs, ayalibebs samoqmedo gegmebs da amocanebs. strategiaze dayrdnobiT, saqarTvelos xelisufleba gaatarebs RonisZiebebs, romlebic

xels Seuwyobs saxelmwifo organoebis, kerZo seqtorisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis kibersivrceSi daculad funqcionirebas, eleqtronuli operaciebis usafrTxo ganxorcielebas da qveyanaSi ekonomikisa da biznesis Seuferxeblad moqmedebas“. strategiis mTavari mizania kiberSetevis an sxva qmedebebis saziano Sedegebi da riskebi maqsimalurad iqnas Semcirebuli da umokles droSi moxdes dazianebuli informaciuli infrastruqturis sruli aRdgena. yovelive amas emateba kritikuli informaciuli sistemebis mdgradobisa da daculobis amaRleba, aseve drouli prevencia. mocemuli miznis misaRwevad, strategia ganixilavs Semdegi TanamSromlobis mniSvnelovan principebs:

• saqarTvelos mTavrobis erTiani midgoma;

• TanamSromloba saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebs Soris;

• aqtiuri saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba;

• individualuri pasuxismgebloba;

• adekvaturi zomebi.

kiberusafrTxoebis strategiis gamoqveynebas win uZRoda 2012 wlis ivnisSi kanonis „informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb“ gamoqveyneba. mocemuli kanonis mizania „xeli Seuwyos informaciuli usafrTxoebis dacvis qmediT da efeqtian ganxorcielebas, daawesos sajaro da kerZo seqtorebis ufleba - movaleobebi informaciuli usafrTxoebis dacvis sferoSi, agreTve gansazRvros informaciuli usafrTxoebis politikis ganxorcielebis saxelmwifo kontrolis meqanizmebi“. kanonSi „informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb“ mocemulia terminTa ganmartebebi, romlis Tanaxmad informaciuli usafrTxoeba es aris „saqmianoba, romelic uzrunvelyofs informaciisa da informaciuli sistemebis wvdomis, erTianobis, avTentifikaciis, konfidencialurobisa da gangrZobadi muSaobis dacvas“. iqve ganmartebulia kritikuli informaciuli sistema da is subieqtebi, romelTa qveynis kibersivrceSi dacva aucilebeli pirobaa erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelsayofad. kanoni aseve iZleva kibersivrcis, kiberSetevisa da kompiuteruli incidentebis saintereso gansazRvrebas. kerZod:

„kibersivrce - sivrce, romlis ganmasxvavebeli niSania eleqtronuli mowyobilobebisa da eleqtromagnituri speqtris gamoyeneba qseliT dakavSirebuli sistemebisa da damxmare fizikuri infrastruqturis meSveobiT monacemTa SenaxvisaTvis, SecvlisaTvis da gacvlisaTvis;

kiberSeteva - qmedeba, rodesac eleqtronuli mowyobiloba an/da masTan dakavSirebuli qseli an sistema gamoiyeneba kritikul informaciul sistemaSi Semavali sistemebis, qonebis an funqciebis mTlianobis darRvevis, Seferxebis an ganadgurebis an informaciis ukanonod mopovebis gziT;

kompiuteruli incidenti - informaciuli usafrTxoebis politikis realuri an potenciuri darRveva, romelic xorcieldeba informaciuli teqnologiis gamoyenebiT da iwvevs informaciis unebarTvo wvdomas, gamJRavnebas, dazianebas an Seferxebas an informaciuli resursis mitacebas“.

kanonSi gansazRvruli da zogadad Camoyalibebulia is prioritetuli safrTxeebi, romlebic SeiZleba Tan axldes kiberusafrTxoebas, kerZod:

„a) kiberSeteva, romelic safrTxes uqmnis adamianTa sicocxlesa da janmrTelobas, saxelmwifo interesebs an qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobas;

b) kiberSeteva kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtis informaciuli sistemebis winaaRmdeg;

g) kiberSeteva, romelic safrTxes uqmnis saxelmwifos, organizaciis an kerZo piris finansur resursebs an/da sakuTrebis uflebas;

d) sxva nebismieri qmedeba, romelic, misi xasiaTidan, miznidan, wyarodan, moculobidan an raodenobidan an misi aRkveTisaTvis saWiro resursebis odenobidan gamomdinare, kritikuli informaciuli sistemis normaluri funqcionirebisaTvis sakmarisi safrTxis Semcvelia“.

kanoni aseve sainteresoa im TvalsazrisiT, rom is gansazRvravs kiberusafrTxoebaze pasuximgebel da makoordinirebel saxelmwifo organos. kerZod, kanonis me - 3 TavSi „kiberusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa“ vkiTxulobT, rom „saqarTvelos kibersivrceSi informaciuli usafrTxoebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli incidentebis marTvas, aseve informaciuli usafrTxoebis koordinaciisken mimarTul sxva, masTan dakavSirebul saqmianobas, romelic kiberusafrTxoebis prioritetuli safrTxeebis aRmofxvras emsaxureba, axorcielebs monacemTa gacvlis saagentos kompiuterul incidentebze daxmarebis jgufi – CERT.GOV.GE“.

miuxedavad amisa, kiberusafrTxoebis sferos mimarTulebiT qveyanaSi arsebobs seriozuli problemebi, rac pirvel rigSi ukavSirdeba saWiro sakanonmdeblo bazis ar arsebobas, romelic daaregulirebs ukve arsebuli TiToeuli subieqtis – monacemTa gacvlis saagentos, kiberusafrTxoebis biurosa da Sss kiberdanaSaulTan brZolis sammarTvelos urTierTkoordinirebul saqmianobas, gansazRvravs TiToeuli subieqtis moqmedebis farglebsa da damatebiT valdebulebebs, aseve rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania kanonmdeblobaSi unda iyos gansazRvruli kerZo seqtoris, internet momwodeblebis valdebulebebi da maTTan yvela zemoTnaxsenebi saxelmwifo subieqtis koordinirebuli muSaobis konkretuli aspeqtebi. sxvaTa Soris, mocemul dargSi saxelmwifosa da kerZo seqtors Soris muSaoba warmoadgens did problemas ara marto CvenTan, aramed bevr wamyvan qveyanaSi. saxelmwifosa da kerZo seqtors Soris TanamSromloba aucilebeli pirobaa kiber sivrcis dacvis uzrunvelyofisTvis. erTis

mxriv, saxelmwifo erovnuli usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofidan gamomdinare, valdebulia daicvas qveynis mTliani infrastruqtura arasanqcirebuli SeRwevisgan, magram ar flobs yvela saWiro resurss, vinaidan resursis didi nawili aris kerZo seqtoris mflobelobaSi. es sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi normaluri da aucilebeli movlenaa. meores mxriv, kerZo seqtors ar gaaCnia araviTari samarTlebrivi valdebulebebi iTanamSromlos saxelmwifosTan da gamoayenebinos mis xelT arsebuli resursi. aq isev da isev mivdivarT saWiro sakanonmdeblo bazis ararsebobis problemasTan da Sesabamisad, arc kerZo seqtors ar gaaCnia araviTari valdebulebebi. aq ZiriTadad saubaria internet provaiderebze, romelTa mflobelobaSic aris qselebi, romlebic Tavis mxriv internetiT uzrunvelyofen samTavrobo struqturebs, strategiuli daniSnulebis obieqtebs, kerZo momxmareblebs, samrewvelo obieqtebsa da msxvil kompaniebs, maTSoris msxvil bankebs, diplomatiur da sxva ucxour misiebsa Tu warmomadgenlobebs.

aseve didi mniSvneloba eniWeba sazogadoebis cnobadobis amaRlebasa da dargis akademiur doneze ganviTarebas, rac CvenTan faqtiurad ar xorcieldeba. sazogadoebis cnobadobis amaRleba da dargis akademiur doneze ganviTareba, rac aseve gulisxmobs samecniero-kvleviTi da analitikuri saqmianobis warmoebas, gacilebiT amcirebs kibersivrcidan momdinare safrTxeebs. aqve calke gamovyofdi saWiro profesiuli kadrebisa da specialistebis ararsebobas. magaliTad, qveyanas ar hyavs kiber-analitikosebi, ar aris kiber samarTlis dargis specialistebi, ar gvyavs kriptografebi, rac kiber TavdacviTi saqmianobis ganviTarebisTvis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens.

bolos unda aRiniSnos, rom saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia kibersivrcis dacvis uzrunvelyofasa da zogadad kiberusafrTxoebas ganixilavs, rogorc qveynis usafrTxoebis erT - erT ZiriTad Semadgenel nawilsa da mis mniSvnelovan mimarTulebas. kibersivrcis dacvasa da kiberusafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaze bevrad aris damokidebuli qveynis Semdgomi ekonomikuri stabiluroba da socialuri ganviTareba.

l i t e r a t u r a

Literature

Литература

1. saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia; 2. saqarTvelos kiberusafrTxoebis strategia; 3. saqarTvelos kanoni informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb;

4. saqarTvelos kritikuli informaciuli sistemis subieqtebis nusxa; 5. Future Challenges in Cyberspace, by Aapo Cederberg, 2015, GCSP.

r e z i u m e

kiberusafrTxoebis momavali gamowvevebi. saqarTvelos

kiberusafrTxoebis politika da problemebi

vladimer svanaZe

naSromSi warmodgenilia qveynis kiberusafrTxoebis strategiis principebi, ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, politika da samoqmedo gegma. aseve mokled aris ganxiluli kanoni „informaciuli usafrTxoebis Sesaxeb“. faqtiurad, ruseTis mxridan 2008 wlis agvistoSi, omis dros ganxorcielebuli masiuri kiberSetevis Semdeg, qveynis xelisuflebis mxridan gadaidga garkveuli nabijebi qveynis kibersivrcis dacvis Seqmnisa da gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT. Tumca am sferoSi mainc arsebobs garkveuli xarvezebi, kerZod am dromde ar arsebobs erTiani makoordinirebeli struqturuli erTeuli, ar aris Seqmnili erovnuli kanonmdebloba, Zalzed dabalia sazogadoebis cnobiereba am sferos mimarT da ar arsebobs Sesabamisi saganmanaTleblo programebi, ar tardeba samecniero - kvleviTi samuSaoebi, ar aris Seqmnili laboratoria da a. S.

saqarTvelo aqtiurad miiswrafvis evrointegraciisken, qveyana cdilobs gaxdes evrokavSirisa da CrdiloeT aliansis sruluflebiani wevri, xeli moewera asocirebis xelSekrulebas. yovelive es niSnavs, rom qveyana Tavis Tavze iRebs yvela im valdebulebas, rac uzrunvelyofs aramarto saqarTvelos usafrTxoebas, aramed evrokavSiris rogorc calkeuli wevri qveynebisa ise mTlianad evrokavSiris usafrTxoebis Sesabamisi normebis dacvas, sadac aseve igulisxmeba kibersivrcis maqsimaluri dacvis uzrunvelyofa. es aris qveynisTvis seriozuli gamowveva, radgan saqarTvelom unda Seqmnas erovnuli kanonmdebloba, wesrigSi moiyvanos da saerTaSoriso standartebs Seusabamos qveynis kritikuli informaciuli infrastruqturis sistemisa da calkeuli subieqtebis dacva, gazardos saerTaSoriso TanamSromloba da riskebis Semcirebis mizniT, unda moaxdinos sakanonmdeblo basis Seqmna, sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba da saganmanaTleblo sistemis SemuSaveba.

S U M M E R Y

THE FUTURE CHALLENGES OF THE CYBERSECURITY. THE POLICY AND

PROBLEMS OF THE CYBERSECURITY OF GEORGIA

VLADIMER SVANADZE

The paper presents the principles of strategy, guidelines, policies and action plans of the

national cyber security. The Information Security Law is also discussed briefly. Actually, after the

massive cyber-attack conducted from the Russian side during the war in August 2008, the

government has taken some steps to establish and strengthen the protection of cyberspace.

However, this area still needs further improvement, particularly there still is no single coordinating

unit, the national legislation on protection of cyber space is not available, the public awareness in

this area is very low and there are no appropriate educational programs; no scientific - research

works are carried out, no special laboratory is established and so on.

Georgia is actively striving towards European integration. The country is trying to become

a full member of the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance, it has signed the Association

Agreement. All this means that the country assumes all the total responsibility for ensuring not

only the security of Georgia, but the compliance with the respective standards of security of both

individual member states of the European Union and the EU in whole, that also implies to ensure

maximum protection of cyberspace. This is a serious challenge for the country, because Georgia

needs to create the national legislation, approximate the protection of national critical information

infrastructure system and separate entities to the international standards, enhance international

cooperation and in order to minimize the risks needs to develop the legal framework, raise public

awareness and develop the education system.

Р Е З Ю М Е

БУДУЩИЕ ВЫЗОВЫ КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ. ПОЛИТИКА И ПРОБЛЕМЫ

КИБЕРБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ГРУЗИИ

ВЛАДИМИР СВАНАДЗЕ

В труде представлены принципы стратегии кибербезопасности страны, основные

направления, политика и план действий. Также вкратце рассмотрен Закон «Об

информационной безопасности». Фактически, после массовых кибервторжений,

осуществленных Россией во время войны в августе 2008 года, властями страны были

сделаны определенные шаги в направлении создания и усиления защиты киберпространства

страны. Хотя в этой сфере все же существуют определенные погрешности, в частности, до

сих пор не существует единой координирующей структурной единицы, не создано

национального законодательства, весьма низкой является осведомленность общества в

отношении этой сферы, и не существуют соответствующие законодательные программы, не

проводятся научно-исследовательские работы, не создана лаборатория и т.д.

Грузия активно стремится к евроинтеграции, страна пытается стать полноправным

членом Евросоюза и Северного альянса, подписан Договор об ассоциации. Все это означает,

что страна берет на себя обязательства, обеспечивающие не только безопасность Грузии, но

и как отдельных стран-членов Евросоюза, так и защиту соответствующих норм

безопасности Евросоюза в целом, что также подразумевает обеспечение максимальной

защиты киберпространства. Это является серьезным вызовом для страны, поскольку Грузия

должна создать национальное законодательство, привести в порядок и соответствие защиту

системы критической информационной инфраструктуры страны и отдельных субъектов

международным стандартам, расширить международное сотрудничество и с целью

сокращения рисков создать законодательную базу, повысить осведомленность общества и

разработать законодательную систему.