v

THE FRIENDSHIP VALUES AMONG THE MAJOR

CHARACTERS AS REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN’S THE

ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

THESIS

Submitted as Partial Fulfillment of Requirements

For the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Department

Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Sebelas Maret University

by

DIENUL HANIF MUKHLISHI

C1313003

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES

SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

SURAKARTA

2016

vi

THE FRIENDSHIP VALUES AMONG THE MAJOR CHARACTERS AS

REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN’S

THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

by

DIENUL HANIF MUKHLISHI

C1313003

Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners

Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Sebelas Maret University

Thesis Consultant

Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A.

NIP. 195207211979031004

Head of English Department

Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D.

NIP. 196708301993021001

vii

THE FRIENDSHIP VALUES AMONG THE MAJOR CHARACTERS AS

REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN’S

THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN

by

DIENUL HANIF MUKHLISHI

C1313003

Approved to be examined before the Board of Examiners

Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Sebelas Maret University

On April, 2016

The Board of Examniners

Position Name Signature

Chairman Dra. S.K. Habsari, M.Hum, PhD. (……………………………)

NIP. 196703231995122001

Secretary Dra. Rara Sugiarti, M. Tourism. (……………………………)

NIP. 196305301990032001

First Examiner Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A. (……………………………)

NIP. 195207211979031004

Second Examiner Dra. Endang Sri Astuti, M.S. (……………………………)

NIP. 195208141981032001

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences

Sebelas Maret University

Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D.

NIP. 196003281986011001

viii

PRONOUNCEMENT

Name : Dienul Hanif Mukhlishi

NIM : C1313003

I hereby stated wholeheartedly that I write the thesis entitled THE FRIENDSHIP

VALUES AMONG THE MAJOR CHARACTERS AS REFLECTED IN MARK

TWAIN’S THE ADVENTURES OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN. It is not a plagiarism nor

made by others. The things related to others people’s work are written in the quotation and

included in bibliography.

Surakarta, 2016

Dienul Hanif Mukhlishi

ix

MOTTOES

“And if all trees in the earth were pens, and the sea, with seven

more seas to help it, (were ink), the words of Allah could not be

exhausted. Lo! Allah is Mighty, Wise”.

( Q.S Luqman 27 )

“A friend indeed is a Friend in need”

( proverb )

x

DEDICATION SHEET

This Graduating Paper is dedicated to

Allah S.W.T

my beloved parents

my beloved brother

my beloved friends

and all people in my life…

xi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillahhi rabbil’aalamin

I Thank the Almighty God, Allah S.W.T., for everything and wonderful life. The

best thing in my life, I can finish this final project. My gratitude also belongs to the Great

Prophet Muhammad S.A.W and the following people :

1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed., Ph.D., Dean of Faculty of Cultural Sciences.

2. Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., Head of English Department.

3. My beloved Thesis Advisor Drs. Hendarto Rahardjo, M.A., I thank him so much

for being my advisor, I am so happy to have an advisor like him. His suggestion

are so inspiring. My Academic Advisor Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A., Ph.D., I

thank him for the inspiration and his advice.

4. All my lecturers in the English Department, who I cannot mention one by one,

thanks for the billions of knowledge and unforgettable moments during this

years. Their lessons have led me from nothing to be something. Thanks to all

staff in Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University for the hospitality

and friendliness during my study.

5. My great family, they are my beloved mommy, Ita Roswita, M.Pd., my beloved

daddy, Basuki, M.Pd., I thank them for their advices and supports, both material

xii

and immaterial stuffs. My little brother Muhammad Isa Rahmatullaah, I thank

him so much for his support, I believe he can do better than me!

6. My best friends and all my lovely classmates in the English Literature

Matriculation Class 2013 that I cannot mention one by one here, thanks for the

beautiful and unforgettable moments, friendship and togetherness during these

two years more. Thanks for the spirit and motivation.

7. Thanks to all my friends in the English Literature Department. Thank to my

Lieutenant, my special one, Letda. Pnb. Andika Octama Said, S.T.Han., for

everything, congratulations for his “wing day” be a great fighter pilot of

Indonesian Air Force and always have a safe flight.

April, 2016

Dienul Hanif Mukhlishi

xiii

ABSTRACT

This thesis entitled “THE FRIENDSHIP VALUES AMONG THE MAJOR

CHARACTERS AS REFLECTED IN MARK TWAIN’S THE ADVENTURES OF

HUCKLEBERRY FINN” is intended to answer the objectives of the study: 1). to describe

the personality of the major characters, 2). to find out the quality of friendship in the novel

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn through the characterization develoment by employing

the theory of friendship written by Aristotle.

The type of this research is a library research which consists of primary data and

secondary data. The primary data of this research are the novel entitled The Adventures of

Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain, while the secondary data were taken from other

sources, such as books, journals, articles that are related to the topic, and the internet sources

to complete the data. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the object of this

research focuses on the friendship values among the major characters. The method used in

this research is critical reading. To collect the data, the researcher did some steps including

reading the novel closely and intensively, making notes, visiting library, and exploring the

data from the internet which are related to the topic. In analyzing the data, the researcher

used descriptive qualitative method.

After conducting the research, the researcher got several research findings. They are:

1). The personality of the major characters, i.e : Huck is, a smart, independent, and simple

boy who has a strong sense of humanity; Tom is an adventuring, naughty, and clever boy

who has many ideas; Jim is a follower of magic power, a caring person, and a loyal slave.

2). The friendship values of the major characters in the novel are based on utility. Huck and

Jim have the same purpose to run away. The novel also shows the moral values that all

aspects of friendship which can be found in the novel slowly eliminate racial disparities.

Keywords: Huckleberry Finn, Personality, Friendship.

xiv

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE .................................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL SHEET ....................................................................................................... ii

MOTTOES ....................................................................................................................... v

DEDICATION SHEET ................................................................................................... vi

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................................. vii

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................................... ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................ x

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………….. 1

1.1.Background of Study ....................................................................................... 1

1.2. Scope of Research .............................................................................................. 4

1.3. Research Question ............................................................................................. 4

1.4. Objectives of Research ...................................................................................... 4

1.5. Benefits of Research .......................................................................................... 5

1.6. Methodology of Research ……………………………………………………. . 5

1.7. Thesis Organization …………………………………………………………... 7

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ………………. ................................................ 9

2.1. Previous Study ………………………………………………………………... 9

2.2. Author’s Biography ........................................................................................... 10

2.3. Theory of Character and Characterization ......................................................... 13

2.3.1. Character ………………………………………………………………… 13

2.3.2. Characterization …………………………………………………………. 16

2.4. Aristotle’s Theory of Friendship ....................................................................... 17

xv

CHAPTER 3: DISCUSSION ………... .............................................................................. 26

3.1. Character and Characterization .......................................................................... 26

3.1.1. Huckleberry Finn (Huck) ........................................................................ 26

3.1.2. Tom Sawyer (Tom) ................................................................................. 31

3.1.3. Jim ........................................................................................................... 34

3.2. Friendship Based on Aristotle’s Theory ............................................................ 38

3.2.1. Friendship based on Utility ..................................................................... 38

3.2.2. Friendship based on Pleasure .................................................................. 43

3.2.3. Friendship based on Goodness ................................................................ 44

3.3. Moral Values in the Novel …………………………………………………… . 47

CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION .................................................. 50

4.1. Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………. . 50

4.2. Suggestion ……………………………………………………………………... 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. xii

xvi

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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