the french revolutio n
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The French Revolutio n. Setting the Stage: The Estates. French class system broken up into 3 Estates First Estate – High Church Positions Second Estate – Nobility Third Estate – Everyone Else (Peasants, workers, shopkeepers, merchants, bankers, lawyers, doctors…..). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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The French Revolution
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Setting the Stage: The Estates
• French class system broken up into 3 Estates• First Estate – High Church Positions• Second Estate – Nobility• Third Estate – Everyone Else (Peasants, workers,
shopkeepers, merchants, bankers, lawyers, doctors…..)
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Setting the Stage: Nation in Crisis
• Bad Harvests• Food Shortages• Rising cost of Food
• Spending of the Royal Family• Constant War – Support of the American Revolution• Royal Luxuries – Extravagant spending of the Royal Court
• Maria Antoinette and her lavish parties
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Setting the Stage: Estates General
• Louis XVI calls meeting of the Estates General• Representatives of all three estates• 1st – 300 representatives• 2nd – 300 Representatives• 3rd – 600 representatives
• Vote to raise taxes• Voting System unfair • Tax System unfair
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The National Assembly
• Disgusted w/system, 3rd Estate declares itself The National Assembly• Vow to draw up a fair constitution
• Locked out of their meeting place by 1st & 2nd Estate• Tennis Court Oath
• Vow to continue meeting until new constitution drawn up
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Storming the Bastille
• Hundreds of Parisians gather around the Bastille• Prison thought to also serve as an armory
• People are hungry and scared of troops• They break into Bastille to steal guns to defend
themselves• Prison warden is beheaded• No guns, so Bastille is torn down
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The Great Fear
• Louis XVI has lost control of Paris• Royal troops have betrayed him
• Peasants revolting all over France• Troops rumored to be coming from other countries to help put down
revolt• Peasants destroy records of debts
• National Assembly continues action• Takes away legal privileges of nobles and clergy
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Change hits the Royal Family and the Estates
• Although his palace is at Versailles, Louis XVI moves to Paris• Forced there by angry mob of women• Afraid Louis would seek help from allies if not watched closely
• Catholic Church is turned over• All lands sold off for profit• Church positions would now be elected by people
• Not appointed by pope
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Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
• Dealt with the individual rights of man:• Liberty• Property• Security• Resistance to oppression
• Enlightenment Ideas• Freedom of speech and press
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The King Tries to Escape
• In 1791, new constitution is signed• Limited the monarchy• All taxpaying men over 25 could vote• All positions political and religious were elected
• Louis XVI and his family try to escape Paris• Captured and brought back
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War with Austria
• Foreign monarchies are afraid• Revolution may spread outside French borders• Threaten the French revolutionary government
• France strikes first and declares war• Unorganized, badly beaten
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Paris Commune
• French Revolution about to take a violent turn• Parisian mob attacks new French gov’t & monarchy
• Call for new government• All male citizens can vote
• Paranoia grips the streets• People don’t trust each other
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The End of the French Monarchy
• Mobs are now controlling France• Fear of foreign invasion• Violence in streets
• National Convention called to draft new constitution• Political parties form• Abolish the monarchy
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“Off, with his head…”
• Two major political parties form• Girondins – represent people outside of Paris• Mountain/Jacobins – represent people in Paris
• Decide the fate of the King• Execution• guillotine
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Things Fall Apart
• The beheading of the king sets off a chain reaction of violence
• Three Men responsible:• Jean-Paul Marat• Georges Danton• Maximilien Robespierre
• Danton and Marat condone the use of violence during the revolution
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The Reign of Terror• Maximilien Robespierre – Jacobin, becomes head of Committee of
Public Safety• Reign of Terror
• Revolutionary courts that tried “traitors”• 40,000 killed in a year
• 16,000 guillotined
• The Republic of Virtue• People referred to each other as “citizens”• New Calendar• De-Christianization
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A Call to Arms
• To save Revolution again, France goes to war, again• Massive draft
• Largest army ever seen in Europe• Over a million soldiers
• Defeats all foreign invaders• Success seen as a true people’s war
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“Off with HIS head…”
• After the war, Robespierre passes gains more power• Law of 22 Prairial
• More power to arrest and execute
• Afraid of Robespierre’s growing power, action is needed• National Convention arrests him• Robespierre is executed
• Jacobins are removed from power
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FINALLY, a constitution
• The Terror is over and the CPS is removed• New Constitution is signed
• Separation of powers• Executive branch known as the Directory
• Corrupt
• Small percent of population can vote• 30,000 people
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Coup d'état
• French government still a mess• Political parties fighting• Corruption dominates new government• Economic Problems• Expensive Wars
• One Military leader seizes opportunity and overthrows government• Napoleon Bonaparte
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DBQ
• Read the verses from William Wordsworth, and the illustration by George Cruikshank on page 592 and answer the questions related to foreign views of the French Revolution.
• Read the Primary Sources on pages 594-595 and answer the question son page 595. #’s 1-6