the french approach to rapid transit mode selection and...
TRANSCRIPT
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TheThe French French Approach Approach to to RapidRapid Transit Mode Transit Mode Selection Selection
andand Project PlanningProject Planning
Thierry Gouin / Certu
Transport Forum / World Bank / Washington / 28 March 2006
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François Rambaud33 (4) 72 74 59 [email protected]
The Center The Center for for the Study the Study of of Urban Urban Planning, Planning, Transportation Transportation andand Public Public Facilities Facilities
www.certu.fr
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1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection
2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection
3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006
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1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection
2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection
3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006
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19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros
• Until the 70’s, the Paris metro stood alone(opened in 1900)
• Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions
• Construction of metros in the largest cities(Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse)
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Paris
Marseille
Lyon
Lille
Toulouse
Rennes
19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros
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19701970--1980 : French 1980 : French Metros Metros
• 1982 : DecentralizationDomestic Transport Orientation Law (LOTI)
• Until the 70’s, the Paris metro stood alone(opened in 1900)
• Transport Levy introduction in Paris, then in other regions
• Construction of metros in the largest cities(Lyon, Lille, Marseille, Toulouse)
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19901990--2000 : 2000 : TheThe ReRe--Birth Birth Of French TramwaysOf French Tramways
• 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans
• State subsidies
• Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again!
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Shared Shared use of use of the streetthe street
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19901990--2000 : 2000 : TheThe ReRe--Birth Birth Of French TramwaysOf French Tramways
• Re-birth of the tramway after itsdisappearance in the 1950’s
• 1996 : Air Law, Urban Transport Plans
• State subsidies
• Global approach / shared use of the street: rapid transit rises to the surface again!
• Transport and urban enhancement tool
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StrasbourgStrasbourg
S ou r
c e :
ww
w. c
asaf
ree .
c om
Station « L’homme de fer »
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St DenisBobigny
Val de Seine
Caen Nancy
St Etienne
Lille
Marseille
Nantes
Grenoble
Strasbourg
Rouen
Montpellier
Orléans
Lyon
Bordeaux
Nice
French tramwaysFrench tramways
Clermont-Ferrand
Le Mans
Mulhouse
Toulon
Valenciennes
ReimsAngers
Brest
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TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000
• Metros : a few of them / no standard design
• Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historical zones; public space enhancement)
• Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS)
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CitadisCitadis
Bordeaux Lyon
Orléans Montpellier
TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000
S ou r
c e :
A MTU
IR
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TheThe Situation In 2000Situation In 2000
• Bus systems are still not optimal, low level of investment
• Metros : a few of them / no standard design
• Tramways : only in urban areas (e.g. historic zones; public space enhancement)
• Importance of innovation / image (teething problems : Lyon Maggaly, Nancy TVR, Bordeaux APS)
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1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection
2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection
3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006
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AfterAfter 20002000• Rapid Transit operating costs :
7 bn € Paris + 5 bn € other regions every year
• Passenger use is leveling out, public transport mode share is declining except in rapid transit towns where it remains stable
• Huge need for investment(60 rapid transit projects over the next 10 years)
• 2003 : decentralization, stage 2
• End of State subsidies
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Certu publication« Bus à Haut Niveau de ServiceConcept et recommandations »(BRT – Concept and recommendations)
2005: BHNS*2005: BHNS*
• How best to meet demand ?
• Light Rail is not always the best option
• Make better use of bus technologies
* BRT
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French BRTFrench BRT
RennesBrest
RouenMaubeuge
Annecy
Nice
La Rochelle
La Réunion
St Denis
Amiens
Douai
Lorient Nantes
Nîmes
Orléans
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ParisParis
« Mobilien » : Certifying bus routes
POWERSpeed - Regularity - Frequency
Amplitude - Capacity
IDENTITYImage - Personality - Style - Name
INTERFACESUrbanity - Intermodality
Stations insertion
SERVICESReception - Information - Services
Comfort
S ou r
c e :
RA T
P
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NantesNantes
« Busway » : Street enhancement
Sour
ce :
S EM
I TA N
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RouenRouen
« Teor » : Optical guidance
Sour
ce :
A gg l
o R
o ue n
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NNîîmesmes
A BRT network for a small town without Light Rail
Sour
ce :
A gg l
o N
îmes
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1. Before 2000 : How political will at thenational level has influenced mode selection
2. After 2000 : How a lack of available fundshas helped to bring about a new approachto mode selection
3. Transit mode selection and planning at thelocal level in 2006
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Local Transit Local Transit ProjectsProjects
• Transit policy : complete autonomy for local organizing authorities
• Transit projects : a culture of « pre-project evaluation » (State subsidies)
• Transit mode selectionrelevance of various transport modes: supply, urban « insertion », environment, accessibility and comfort, intermodality, cost
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Local Transit Local Transit ProjectsProjects
Certu publication« Les modes de transports collectifs urbainsEléments de choix par une approche globale des systèmes »(Urban transit modesGuidance for a system global approach)
Metros
Tramways
Capacity(pass./hour)
12 00032 000
1 3006 400
Cost(M€/km)
7080
1528
Buses 0,310
7003 000
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TakingTaking All Transport Modes All Transport Modes Into AccountInto Account……
• Urban Transport Plans : global approach, all modes
> Pre-diagnostic > Diagnostic > Setting objectives> Comparing alternatives > Action plan
• See : US Alternatives Analysis
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• Consultation (stakeholders involvement)
TakingTaking All Transport Modes All Transport Modes Into AccountInto Account……
Certu publication« Guide pour l’élaboration des Plans de Déplacements Urbains »(Urban Transport Plan elaboration guide)
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…… WorkingWorking OverOver A A LargerLarger Area : Area : «« TheThe BiggerBigger PicturePicture »»
• ScoT : a land use approach - large areas
• Limiting urban sprawl
• Going from a superficial « facelift » approachto an integrated town and transit planning approach
Certu publication« SCoT et déplacements »(Land use and mobility)
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Urban Area Integrated Scheme (SCoT)
Inte
grat
ed T
own
and
Tran
sit P
lazn
ning
App
roac
h
Large Specified Area
Urban Transport Plan (PDU)
Urban Area
All
Mod
es
Rapid Rapid Transit Mode Transit Mode Selection Selection and and Project PlanningProject Planning
Transit Mode Selection
Publ
ic T
rans
port
Public Transport Network
Vehicle+ Infrastructure+ Operation
Transport System
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DifficultiesDifficulties and challengesand challenges
• Improve public transport efficiency
• Improve connectivity between networks (intermodality : a technical and institutionalissue)
• Improve evaluation
• Improve dissemination
Thank you