The Foundations of Enterprise Architecture

Haydar ARSLANCA

04.12.2013

Agenda

• Why Enterprise Architecture?

• What is Enterprise Architecture (EA)?

• Enterprise Architecture Frameworks

• TOGAF Architecture Development Method

Why Enterprise Architecture?

Reduce Costs

Faster to Market

Innovate

Globalization

Business Goals

Delivering Real Business Value Increasing System Complexity

Technology Challenges

Business

Integration

Enterprise

Mgmt

Infrastructure Intelligence &

Analysis

Applications &

Services

Security&

Compliance

Data & Content Application

Development

Why Enterprise Architecture?

Business - IT Alignment

Enterprise Architecture

Operating Models

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy

What is an Enterprise

• A collection of organizations that share a common set of goals

Government agency

Part of a corporation

Corporation

•Large corporations may comprise multiple enterprises

• May be an “extended enterprise” including partners, suppliers and customers

What is Architecture

Architecture is:

A formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at a

component level to guide its implementation

The structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles

and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time

What is Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise Architecture is:

The organizing logic for business processes and IT infrastructure

reflecting the integration and standardization requirements of the firm’s

operating model.[1]

A method and an organizing principle that aligns functional business

objectives and strategies with an IT strategy and execution plan. [2]

[1] MIT Center for Information Systems Research and future objectives.

[2] Oracle

Architecture Types

Enterprise Architect

• Must be well-educated in technology

• Familiar with the business processes in an enterprise

• The role of an Enterprise Architect is multi-faceted

“A fool with a tool is still a fool”

“When I hire for Enterprise Architects, I look for individuals who have an

exceptional ability to communicate, deal with political situations, and take on

big bold organizational challenges. If all s/he brings to the table are strong

architectural abilities, I pass on that individual and keep looking.”

Kathy Watanabe, Microsoft Chief IT Architect

Enterprise Architect (Depth vs. Breadth)

History of Enterprise Architecture

•J.A. Zachman published an article titled “A Framework for Information Systems

Architecture” in the IBM Systems Journal Started in 1987

• In 1991, the first draft of the Technical Architecture Framework for Information

Management (TAFIM) was completed with the TAFIM Technical Reference Model

(TAFIM TRM)

•Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) was developed in 1998.

•Later, this was turned over to The Open Group and known today as The Open Group

Architectural Framework (TOGAF)

History of Enterprise Architecture

What is an Architecture Framework

An architecture framework is a toolkit which can be used for developing

a broad range of different architectures

Architecture Framework

Common vocabulary, models, and taxonomy

Processes, principles, strategies and tools

Reference architectures and models

Prescriptive guidance (EA processes, architecture content, implementation

roadmap, governance)

Catalog of architecture deliverables and artifacts

Enterprise Architecture Content Metamodel

Recommended set of products and configurations (optional)

EA Frameworks

Zachman Framework - IBM framework from 1980

TOGAF - The Open Group Architecture Framework

FEA - OMB Federal Enterprise Architecture

The Gartner Methodology - (formerly the Meta Framework)

DoDAF - DoD Architecture Framework

MoDAF - UK Ministry of Defense Architecture Framework

AGATE - The France DGA Architecture Framework

MDA - OMGs Model Driven Architecture

SOMF - Service Oriented Modeling Framework (Methodologies Corporation)

SABSA - Sherwood Applied Business Security Architecture

Zachman Enterprise Framework

Originally authored by John Zachman in the 1980s at IBM and later was

adopted by many other IT organizations.

A formal and structural model to define an enterprise in a two dimensional

classification matrix architecture.

The matrix prospective described by types of stakeholders (rows) and

aspects of the architecture (columns).

Zachman Enterprise Framework

Zachman Framework

Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework

Federal Enterprise Architecture

Federal Enterprise Architecture

Attempt by US Federal government to unite myriads of its agencies under a

single common and universal architecture. It is a new architecture but has a

long tradition behind it. In Summary:

FEA is the most comprehensive of all other architectures available as of

today.

It has a taxonomy like Zachman framework and comprehensive process

similar to TOGAF

It can be described as consisting of five reference models – business,

service, component, technical and data.

Components of FEA

The Open Group Architecture Framework

An architecture framework that enables practitioners to design, evaluate,

and build the right architecture for a particular business

TOGAF was developed by members of the Open Group working within the

Architecture Forum

The first version was made available in 1995 by the US Department of

Defense from their Technical Architecture Framework for Information

Management (TAFIM).

Since then, successive versions of TOGAF have been available to the

public from the Open Group website.

TOGAF documentations can be downloaded from the site

(www.opengrup.org/architecture/togaf).

TOGAF Components

Architecture Development Method (ADM)

Preliminary Phase

This phase prepares the organisation for

undertaking successful enterprise

architecture projects

Understand business environment

High level management commitment

Agreement on scope

Establish principles

Establish governance structure

Agree method to be adopted

Phase A - Architecture Vision

Initiates one iteration of the architecture

process

Sets scope, constraints, expectations

Required at the start of every

architecture cycle

Create the Architecture Vision

Validates business context

Creates Statement of Architecture Work

Phase B - Business Architecture

The fundamental organization of a

business, embodied in

its business processes and people,

their relationships

to each other and the environment,

and the principles governing its design

and evolution

Shows how the organization meets its

business goals

Business Architecture - Content

Organization structure

Business goals and objectives

Business functions

Business services

Business processes

Business roles

Correlation of organization and functions

Business Architecture - Steps

1. Select reference models,viewpoints and

tools

2. Define Baseline Architecture Description

3. Define Target Architecture Description

4. Perform gap analysis

5. Define roadmap components

6. Conduct formal stakeholder review

7. Finalize the Architecture

8. Create Architecture Definition Document

Phase C - Information Systems Architectures

The fundamental organization of an IT

system, embodied in

The major types of information and

application systems that process them

Relationships to each other and the

environment, and the principles

governing its design and evolution

Shows how the IT systems meets the

business goals of the enterprise

Phase D – Technology Architecture

The fundamental organization of an

IT system, embodied in

its hardware, software and

communications technology

their relationships to each other

and the environment,

and the principles governing its

design and evolution

Phase E – Opportunities & Solutions

Perform initial implementation planning

Identify the major implementation projects

Group projects into Transition Architectures

Decide on approach

Make v Buy v Re-Use

Outsource

COTS

Open Source

Assess priorities

Identify dependencies

Phase F – Migration Planning

For projects identified in Phase E perform

Cost/benefit analysis

Risk assessment

Develop a detailed Implementation and

Migration Plan

Phase G – Implementation Governance

Provide architectural oversight for the

implementation.

Defines architecture constraints on

implementation projects

Architecture contract

Monitors implementation work for

conformance

Produce a Business Value Realization.

Phase H – Change Management

Provide continual monitoring and a

change management process

Ensures that changes to the architecture

are managed in a cohesive and architected

way

Establishes and supports the Enterprise

Architecture to provide flexibility to evolve

rapidly in response to changes in the

technology or business environment

Monitors the business and capacity

management

Requirements Management

Delta Airlines

MIT Systems on a Page

Solution Concept Diagram

Functional Decomposition Diagram

ManageEngineering

Changes

Support Primary

Human

Resources

BusinessPlanning

Engineering Manufacturing Distribution

Manage Public

Relations

Provide Legal

Services

Perform

Audit

& Controls

Manage

Transportation

Maintain

Facilities

ProvideAdministrative

Services

Develop & Track

Financial Plan

Appropriate

Funds

Manage

Payables

Manage

Receivables

Manage Assets

Plan Human

Resources

Acquire

HumanResources

Develop

Employees

ProvideEmployeeServices

Manage Union

Activities

Terminate Active

Employment

Formulate

Strategy

Develop andMaintain

Business Plan

EstablishCustomer

Requirements

Obtain Sales

Commitments

ProvideCustomerSupport

Research andDevelop

Technology

Engineer and

Design Products

Engineer andDesign

Processes

Design Tools

and Equipment

Plan Material

Requirements

ProcureEquipment

Material & Tools

Manage

Suppliers

PlanManufacturingRequirements

Perform Quality

Engineering

ConvertResourcesto Product

Control

Production

Maintain PlantEquipment &

Tools

ManageWarranty

Activities

Engineer

Packages

Develop &ManageProduct Cost

Develop New

Business

Manage

Inventory

Ship

Products

Marketing &

Sales

Admin Finance Inventory

Business Services and Information Diagram

Application and User Location Diagram

Application Communication Diagram

System Use Case Diagram

Data Dissemination Diagram

Class Diagram

Platform Decomposition Diagram

Benefits Diagram

Questions