the forest biodiversity programme metso 2008 –2016
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The Forest Biodiversity Programme METSO 2008 –2016. Forests in Finland. Metso is also the Finnish name of the capercaillie. Metso is a well-known forest bird that has become scarce in Finland in recent years. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Forest Biodiversity Programme METSO
2008 –2016
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20101
Forests in Finland
Presentation / Author19.04.20232
Metso is also the Finnish name of the capercaillie
Metso is a well-known forest bird that has become scarce in Finland in recent years.
Capercaillie and many other forest birds, animals, plants and fungi will benefit greatly from the protection of more of the forest area under the METSO Forest Biodiversity Programme for Southern Finland.
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20103
Forests in Finland
Finland is the most forested country in the EU
• 75% of the land area covered by forest
• 22.8 million hectares• 13% of the forest area (3
million hectares) is protected or under restricted use
60% of the forest land privately owned
• 5 million Finns - 735 000 private forest owners
• one in every seven Finns is a forest owner
• small-scale forestry (average size 30 ha)
• over 95% of forests are PEFC certified
• Source: Finnish Forest Research Institute (Metla)
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20104
Forests in Finland
• Forest sector employs 70 000 Finns (2009)• The entire forest cluster provides employment to almost
200 000 Finns• The total value of forest industry production is around 20
billion euros• The forest industry accounts for about 20% of all Finnish
goods exports
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20105
Finnish forest industry
Share of world's forests• 0.5%
Share of world production• Sawn goods: 3%• Wood pulp: 7%• Paper and paperboard: 4%
Share of world exports• Sawn goods: 5%• Wood pulp: 5%• Paper and paperboard: 11%
Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook of
Forests 2009
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20106
Large share of forests protected in Finland
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20107Source: State of Europe's Forests 2007
No intervention (strictly protected)
Minimal intervention
Active management
From deforestation to SFM
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20108
19th CENTURYPoor agricultural countryDeforestation due to unsustainable forestry (timber harvesting, fuel wood, slash and burn cultivation, grazing)
20th CENTURYDevelopment of forest industries, rising timber prices, sustainable forest management, renewed forestry organisations
Most of the protected areas are in Northern Finland
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry20109
Source: State of Europe's Forests 2007
Share of strictly protectedforests in different parts of
Finland
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201010
Instruments for the protection of forest biodiversity in Finland
Skogs-
certifiering
Certification of
forests
Skogs-
certifiering
NATURE CONSERVATION
ACT
METSO,
National Forest
Programme
FOREST ACT
Recommendations for
sustainable forest
management
FOREST
BIODIVERSITY
Landscape ecological
planning
(State-owned forests)
Multi-objective
planning
(Companies)
Forest management plans(Privately-owned forests)
National Forest Programme (NFP)
(PEFC)
National Forest Programme (NFP) and METSO
• International treaties on the conservation of forest biodiversity (CBD, UNFF, MCPFE, etc.) require national measures to attain the goals set in the treaties
• Finland's national goals are laid down by the Government Resolution Concerning the National Strategy for the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biodiversity in Finland 2006−2016
• METSO Programme was drawn up side by side with NFP to support the implementation of sustainable forest management
• Government resolution was issued in March 2008 for both METSO Programme and National Forest Programme 2015
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201011
Regional forest programmes and METSO
• Legal basis in the Forest Act• 13 regional forest programmes specific to each region• Guidelines on sustainable forest management and
conservation, use of wood and wood processing and multiple use
• Includes actions and financing• Forestry centres compile the programmes in close
collaboration with relevant stakeholders • Updated every five years• Regional forest programmes implement METSO in the
regions
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201012
Habitat-specific action programmes of METSO
1. Overview on forest biodiversity by the region
2. Habitat-specific goals according to organisations and legal instruments (Act on the Financing of Sustainable Forestry, Nature Conservation Act)
3. Plans on the management and restoration of habitats
4. Need for financing for the implementation and follow-up
5. Impacts of the programme on conservation, livelihoods, recreation, tourism and cultural values
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201013
Distribution of herb-rich forests (one of the METSO habitats)
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201014
Dark green colour indicates the locations where several herb-rich forest habitats were found in the NFI plot data
Source: 10th National Forest Inventory of
Finland
Acceptance of conservation among forest owners
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201015
Per cent of forest owners
32
34
23
24
20
16
15
12
Multiobjective owners
Recreationists
Self-employed ownersHedgers emphasizing financial security
2009
1999
Source: Karppinen /Finnish Forest Research Institute 2009
Main objectives of private forest owners
Conservation status of Finnish forests 2008
Forests and other
Forests *) wooded land area
WHOLE FINLAND1000 ha
%
Class 1: Strictly protected forests2 048 3 609
9.0 13.7
Class 2a: Protected areas where restricted forest management is
possible
133 190
0.6 0.7
Protected forests: 2 181 3 799
Classes 1 and 2a total 9.6 14.5
Class 2b : Forests with felling restrictions
782 963
3.4 3.7
All classes total2 963 4 763
13.0 18.1
*) Forests = annual growth > 0.1 m 3/ year. ‘Other wooded land area’ = growth < 0.1 m 3/ year.
(Source: Finnish Statistical Yearbook of Forests 2009)Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201016
Threatened species in Finland
Ph
oto
: Tu
om
o N
iem
elä
Ph
oto
: P
etr
i Ma
rtik
ain
en
Ph
oto
: P
etr
i Ma
rtik
ain
en
Ph
oto
: Tim
o J
. N
iem
ine
n
Ph
oto
: Te
rhi R
yttä
ri
Ph
oto
: An
tti B
elo
w
Haavanpökkelökääpä Karhunkääpä
PohjantikkaKangasajuruoho
TuhkalatikkaNahkuri
Ministry of the Environment / Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry201017
• Human impact on biodiversity is the greatest in southern Finland
• Most of the threatened forest species occur in southern Finland
• In the latest evaluation of threatened species in Finland - in all ecosystems - 1 505 animal or plant species were classified as threatened
• They included 50 vertebrates, 759 invertebrates, 180 vascular plants, 142 cryptogams, and 374 fungi or lichens
• A large inventory programme on the threatened species - supporting METSO Programme - has been launched → results by the end of 2010