The following information was generated from the Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), a database of the National Library of Medicine's TOXNET system (http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov) on December 30, 2004. Query: The chemical name was identified. The following terms were added from ChemIDplus: ordram jalan yulan yalan molmate felan CAS Registry Number: 2212-67-1 1 NAME: MOLINATE HSN: 873 RN: 2212-67-1 HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS: HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: After 60 kg of molinate /formulation not specified/ was applied to 2 ha of paddy fields, 4 families, incl a total of 17 people, began to notice an odor in a nearby well ... . Then 8 people, incl 5 children, developed nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, weakness, and conjunctivitis, and four others had abdominal pain only. Recovery occurred when the families stopped using water from the well. Chem anal ... 15 days later, by which time the avg molinate concn in five samples was 0.006 ppm. [Hayes, Wayland J., Jr. Pesticides Studied in Man. Baltimore/London: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.540]**PEER REVIEWED** Irritating to skin and eyes ... . [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.II-329]**PEER REVIEWED** SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: Irritating to skin and eyes ... . [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.II-329]**PEER REVIEWED** PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Human exposure to molinate occurs through inhalation in the vicinity of its application as a pesticide(1). Occupational exposure to molinate occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of aerosols and dust where molinate is produced or used, especially to workers applying the compound as a herbicide(2). Dermal and respiratory exposures of molinate were monitored in various workers involved in aerial application of the herbicide(3); total exposures with either liquid or granular formulations were less than 10 mg/day under normal conditions with the exception of the loader (using granular formulations) whose total exposure was about 30

mg/day(3). [(1) Woodrow JE et al; pp. 61-81 in Long Range Transport of Pesticides (1990) (2) Parmeggiani L; Encyl Occup Health Safety 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office pp. 973-4 (1983) (3) Knarr RD et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14: 523-7 (1985)]**PEER REVIEWED** EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: EMERGENCY MEDICAL TREATMENT: EMT COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER: Portions of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) database have been provided here for general reference. THE COMPLETE POISINDEX(R) DATABASE OR MEDITEXT(R) DATABASE SHOULD BE CONSULTED FOR ASSISTANCE IN THE DIAGNOSIS OR TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC CASES. The use of the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases is at your sole risk. The POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied. Micromedex makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the POISINDEX(R) and MEDITEXT(R) databases. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Micromedex does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the POISINDEX(R) or MEDITEXT(R) databases. Copyright 1974-2004 Thomson MICROMEDEX. All Rights Reserved. Any duplication, replication, "downloading," sale, redistribution or other use for commercial purposes is a violation of Micromedex' rights and is strictly prohibited.<p>The following Overview, *** CARBAMATE HERBICIDES AND FUNGICIDES ***, is relevant for this HSDB record chemical. LIFE SUPPORT: o This overview assumes that basic life support measures have been instituted. CLINICAL EFFECTS: 0.2.1 SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE 0.2.1.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to these agents does not result in cholinergic findings. Historically, systemic poisoning by these agents has been very rare. Reported toxic manifestations have included CNS depression, seizures, extrapyramidal effects, neuropathy, and gastrointestinal effects of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. B) These agents are often compounded with hydrocarbon-based solvents, which may be responsible for toxicity. 0.2.5 CARDIOVASCULAR 0.2.5.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) A disulfiram-like reaction (flushing, sweating, headache, weakness, tachycardia and hypotension) may be noted when ethanol is ingested following exposure to large amounts of thiram or possibly MBDT-CARB compounds. 1) The disulfiram-like reaction following ethanol ingestion does not appear to occur with the CARB, T-CARB, or the EBDT-CARB compounds. 0.2.6 RESPIRATORY

0.2.6.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Respiratory failure, requiring ventilatory support, has been reported following ingestions. 0.2.7 NEUROLOGIC 0.2.7.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to thiram or MBDT-CARB (based on animal studies) may cause weakness, ataxia, ascending paralysis and hypothermia. B) Peripheral neuropathy (pain, numbness and weakness of the extremities) has been noted following exposure to thiuram (the ethyl analog of thiram). 0.2.8 GASTROINTESTINAL 0.2.8.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea may occur. 0.2.10 GENITOURINARY 0.2.10.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Two cases of renal failure following maneb exposure have been reported in Japan. 0.2.14 DERMATOLOGIC 0.2.14.1 ACUTE EXPOSURE A) Exposure to dusts, sprays, solutions, wettable powder suspensions or emulsions of these agents may lead to skin and mucous membrane irritation. 0.2.20 REPRODUCTIVE HAZARDS A) No adverse reproductive effects (testicular parameters) in male mice were observed following methyl thiophanate doses up to 1000 mg/kg orally for 5 consecutive days (Traina et al, 1998). Maternal toxicity was evident in female rats. 0.2.21 CARCINOGENICITY 0.2.21.1 IARC CATEGORY A) IARC Carcinogenicity Ratings for CAS137-26-8 (IARC, 2004): 1) IARC Classification a) Listed as: Thiram b) Carcinogen Rating: 3 1) The agent (mixture or exposure circumstance) is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. This category is used most commonly for agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans and inadequate or limited in experimental animals. Exceptionally, agents (mixtures) for which the evidence of carcinogenicity is inadequate in humans but sufficient in experimental animals may be placed in this category when there is strong evidence that the mechanism of carcinogenicity in experimental animals does not operate in humans. Agents, mixtures and exposure circumstances that do not fall into any other group are also placed in this category. 0.2.22 GENOTOXICITY A) Neither PROPOXUR nor DITHANE M-45 was clastogenic in mice (Vasudev &amp; Krishnamurthy, 1994). B) ETU is not believed to be genotoxic to mammals (Elia et al, 1995). LABORATORY: A) Blood levels are not clinically useful.

B) No specific laboratory work (CBC, electrolytes, urinalysis) is needed unless otherwise indicated, ie, severe vomiting and diarrhea, etc. TREATMENT OVERVIEW: 0.4.2 ORAL EXPOSURE A) EMESIS: Ipecac-induced emesis is not recommended because of the potential for CNS depression and seizures. B) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. C) GASTRIC LAVAGE: Consider after ingestion of a potentially life-threatening amount of poison if it can be performed soon after ingestion (generally within 1 hour). Protect airway by placement in Trendelenburg and left lateral decubitus position or by endotracheal intubation. Control any seizures first. 1) CONTRAINDICATIONS: Loss of airway protective reflexes or decreased level of consciousness in unintubated patients; following ingestion of corrosives; hydrocarbons (high aspiration potential); patients at risk of hemorrhage or gastrointestinal perforation; and trivial or non-toxic ingestion. D) INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS may be useful in restoring extracellular fluid volume following severe vomiting and diarrhea. E) OXYGEN THERAPY is effective in relieving the distress of ANTABUSE-LIKE REACTIONS rarely associated with exposure to thiram and possibly the MBDT-CARB compounds. F) NO SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES ARE AVAILABLE for poisoning by these compounds. G) ACTIVATED CHARCOAL: Administer charcoal as a slurry (240 mL water/30 g charcoal). Usual dose: 25 to 100 g in adults/adolescents, 25 to 50 g in children (1 to 12 years), and 1 g/kg in infants less than 1 year old. 0.4.3 INHALATION EXPOSURE A) INHALATION: Move patient to fresh air. Monitor for respiratory distress. If cough or difficulty breathing develops, evaluate for respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, or pneumonitis. Administer oxygen and assist ventilation as required. Treat bronchospasm with inhaled beta2 agonist and oral or parenteral corticosteroids. 0.4.5 DERMAL EXPOSURE A) OVERVIEW 1) DECONTAMINATION: Remove contaminated clothing and wash exposed area thoroughly with soap and water. A physician may need to examine the area if irritation or pain persists. RANGE OF TOXICITY: A) Persons sensitive to thiram may develop dermal reactions following minimal exposure. With this exception, systemic toxicity of these compounds is generally low. B) LD50 values range from 400 mg/kg (nabam and diallate) to 34,000 mg/kg for terbucarb. ANTIDOTE AND EMERGENCY TREATMENT:

TREATMENTS FOR ORAL, PERCUTANEOUS, OR INHALATION TOXICITY ARE LISTED FOR MOLINATE. [DAUNDERER M; FORTSCHR MED 97 (5): 198-203 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** The usual measures for gut and skin decontamination are recommended for large doses. ... Dysrhythmias may develop, and patients with serious reactions should have cardiac monitoring. [Ellenhorn, M.J. and D.G. Barceloux. Medical Toxicology - Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Poisoning. New York, NY: Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc. 1988.1101]**PEER REVIEWED** ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES: NON-HUMAN TOXICITY EXCERPTS: ACUTE EYE IRRITATION, ALBINO RABBITS MODERATELY IRRITATING. COLD WATER FISH SPECIES SOMEWHAT SUSCEPTIBLE. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982.402]**PEER REVIEWED** TOXICITY OF PESTICIDESUSED IN FLOODED RICE PRODUCTION ON CHANNEL CATFISH WERE DETERMINED IN TAP WATER &amp; FLOODWATER FROM RICE FIELDS. MOLINATE 96 HR MEDIAN TOLERANCE LIMIT IN TAP WATER WAS 33.2 PPM; IN WATER FROM RICE FIELD WAS 29.4 PPM. [BROWN KW ET AL; INT J ENVIRON STUD 14 (1): 49-53 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** MASS MORTALITY OF CARP IN FISH PONDS OCCURRED IN FUKUSHIMA, JAPAN IN 1975-77. CAUSE OF DEATH WAS MOLINATE-INDUCED ANEMIA IN CARP. [SUZUKI K; SEITAI KAGAKU 2 (4): 207-14 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED** EXPTL RESULTS OF FISH TOXICITY INDICATE THAT MOLINATE INDUCES ACUTE ANEMIA DUE TO ABNORMAL BLOOD COAGULATION AT CONCN HIGHER THAN 0.04 PPM IN WATER. SURVIVING FISH RECOVERED AFTER BEING PLACED INTO FRESH WATER. [MINAKAWA O ET AL; JPN J PUBLIC HEALTH (NIPPON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI) 25 (11): 645-51 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED** ... INHIBITIVE EFFECT /OF MOLINATE ON BARNYARDGRASS/ CAN BE OVERCOME BY ... GIBBERELLIC ACID. ... MOLINATE TREATMENT REDUCED LEVEL OF SOL RNA IN BARNYARDGRASS. ... CONCLUDED THAT TREATMENT WITH MOLINATE RESULTED IN LIMITED ... GIBBERELLIC ACID IN PLANT WHICH IN TURN CAUSED A REDUCED LEVEL OF TRANSFER RNA. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975.342]**PEER REVIEWED** Non-phytotoxic to rice. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** AT RECOMMENDED RATES IT HAS HAD NO DETECTABLE EFFECTS ON FISH IN DITCHES DRAINING WATER FROM TREATED RICE FIELDS IN CALIFORNIA. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** NON-HUMAN TOXICITY VALUES:

LD50 Rat oral 720 mg/kg [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991.1348]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rat female oral 450 mg/kg [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rabbit dermal > 10,000 mg/kg [Hayes, Wayland J., Jr. Pesticides Studied in Man. Baltimore/London: Williams and Wilkins, 1982.539]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rabbit percutaneous > 4640 mg/kg [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rat male oral 369 mg/kg [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rat and mouse acute oral 720 and 795 mg/kg [Montgomery, J.H.; Agrochemicals Desk Reference 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 1997305]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rat oral 369 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.1562]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rat sc 1167 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.1562]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Mouse oral 530 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.1562]**PEER REVIEWED** LD50 Rabbit skin 3536 mg/kg [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.1562]**PEER REVIEWED** ECOTOXICITY VALUES: LC50 CRAYFISH 14 MG/L/96 HR [CHEAH M ET AL; PROG FISH-CULT 42 (3): 169-72 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Gammarus fasciatus 4.5 mg/l/96 hr @ 21 deg C (95% confidence limit 3.5-5.8 mg/l), mature. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 98.6%/ [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.53]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Pteronarcys 0.34 mg/l/96 hr @ 15 deg C (95% confidence limit 0.24-0.47 mg/l), mature. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 98.6%/ [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic

Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.53]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Salmo gairdneri (Rainbow trout) 0.21 mg/l/96 hr @ 12 deg C (95% confidence limit 0.16-0.29 mg/l), wt 1.6 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 98.6%/ [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.53]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Lepomis macrochirus (Bluegill) 0.32 mg/l/96 hr @ 24 deg C (95% confidence limit 0.19-0.53 mg/l), wt 1.0 g. Static bioassay without aeration, pH 7.2-7.5, water hardness 40-50 mg/l as calcium carbonate and alkalinity of 30-35 mg/l. /Technical, 98.6%/ [U.S. Department of Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Handbook of Acute Toxicity of Chemicals to Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. Resource Publication No. 137. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1980.53]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Coturnix oral > 5000 ppm for 5 days [Hill, E.F. and Camardese, M.B. Lethal Dietary Toxicities of Environmental Contaminants and Pesticides to Coturnix. Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 2. Washington, DC: United States Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service, 1986.103]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Daphnia magna 600 ug/l/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983.883]**PEER REVIEWED** TLm Gambusia affinis (Mosquito fish) 16.4 ppm/96 hr /Conditions of bioassay not specified/ [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983.883]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Anas platyrhynchos (Mallard duckling) > 9300 for 5 day in diet [Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data of Organic Chemicals. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1983.883]**PEER REVIEWED** LC50 Bluegill sunfish 29-30 mg/l/96 hr, goldfish 30 mg/l/96 hr, mosquito fish 16.4 mg/l, rainbow trout 0.2-1.3 mg/l/96 hr [Montgomery, J.H.; Agrochemicals Desk Reference 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL 1997304]**PEER REVIEWED** METABOLISM/PHARMACOKINETICS: METABOLISM/METABOLITES: ... RICE SHOOTS HARVESTED 3 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT WITH CHAIN-LABELED MOLINATE SHOWED ... 16 RADIOACTIVE METABOLITES. 7 OF THESE RADIOACTIVE SPOTS COINCIDED WITH AMINO ACIDS ... 5 METABOLITES WERE ORG ACIDS, 2 OF WHICH WERE ... LACTIC &amp; GLYCOLIC ACID. [Kearney, P.C., and D. D. Kaufman (eds.) Herbicides: Chemistry, Degredation and Mode of Action. Volumes 1 and 2. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1975.334]**PEER REVIEWED** IN JAPANESE CARP, MAJOR MOLINATE METABOLITES DETECTED WERE MOLINATE

SULFOXIDE, 3-HYDROXYMOLINATE, 4-HYDROXYMOLINATE, 4-KETOMOLINATE, &amp; ALPHA KETO HEXAMETHYLENEAMINE. [LAY M ET AL; ACS SYMP SER 99 (PEST XENOBIOTIC METAB AQUATIC ORG): 95-119 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** MOLINATE METABOLITE MOLINATE SULFOXIDE WAS CLEAVED IN VITRO BY JAPANESE CARP LIVER CYTOSOL FRACTION. MOLINATE MERCAPTURATE WAS RECOVERED FROM BILE OF MOLINATE TREATED CARP. [LAY MM ET AL; XENOBIOTICA 9 (11): 669-73 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** (14)C Molinate ... was metabolized by rats, primarily to the sulfoxide, and thence to the mercapturic acid deriv. Ring hydroxylation, mainly at the 3- and 4- positions, followed by glucuronidation and cleavage of the C--N bond to yieldthe imide, were also observed. [The Royal Society of Chemistry. Foreign Compound Metabolism in Mammals. Volume 6: A Review of the Literature Published during 1978 and 1979. London: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1981.319]**PEER REVIEWED** IT IS RAPIDLY METABOLIZED BY RATS, ABOUT 50% TO CARBON DIOXIDE, 25% EXCRETED IN THE URINE AND 7 TO 20% IN THE FECES IN 3 DAYS. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** Molinate is metabolized to the corresponding sulfoxide by mouse liver microsomalenzymes and is then cleaved by the soluble glutathione system. [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991.1348]**PEER REVIEWED** Ring-2-(14)C-ordram was administered as an oral dose to rats. ... Less than 1% expired and no significant differences between male and female rats were observed. Metabolism was primarily via sulfoxidation and conjugation with glutathione. Within 48 hr after dosing of ratswith (14)C-ring-labeled ordram, 97% of the ordram was excreted, mostly via urine (88%). Analyses and identification involved TLC and mass and NMR spectra. Metabolites were identified as: Ordram sulfoxide, hexamethyleneimine, Ordram mercapturate, 4-OH-ordram, 3-OH-ordram, 4-hydroxy-ordram-O-glucosiduronic acid, 3-hydroxy-ordram-O-glucosiduronic acid, 4-hydroxyhexamethyleneimine, 4-OH-hexamethyleneimine glucuronide, 3-OH-hexamethyleneimine glucuronide, S-ethyl 5-formylpentyl thiocarbamate, and 1-aza-7-oxa-8-oxo-bicyclo(4.2.1)nonane [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980.403]**PEER REVIEWED** The microsomal monooxygenase of carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Yamato Koi) converted ordram to the sulfoxide and two other compounds containing a hydroxyl group on the azepine ring. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980.403]**PEER REVIEWED** In plants, molinate is rapidly metabolized to carbon dioxide and naturally occurring plant constituents. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED**

ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION & EXCRETION: IT IS RAPIDLY METABOLIZED BY RATS, ABOUT 50% TO CARBON DIOXIDE, 25% EXCRETED IN THE URINE AND 7 TO 20% IN THE FECES IN 3 DAYS. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** MOLINATE IS RAPIDLY TAKEN UP BY ROOTS &amp; TRANSLOCATED UPWARD TO LEAVES OF PLANTS. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.326]**PEER REVIEWED** ... Not absorbed percutaneously. [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.II-329]**PEER REVIEWED** Excretion of ring labeled (14)C molinate by rats is 95-96% complete in 48 hr. Approximately 88% was in the urine ... and 11% in the feces. Less than 1% of the dose was found in the expired air. ... Tissue levels were approximately 13.8% of the administered dose after 1 day and 3.7% after 7 days, [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991.1348]**PEER REVIEWED** PHARMACOLOGY: ENVIRONMENTAL FATE & EXPOSURE: ENVIRONMENTAL FATE/EXPOSURE SUMMARY: Molinate's use as a herbicide is expected to result in its direct release to the environment. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 5.6X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C indicates molinate will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase molinate will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12 hrs. If released to soil, molinate is expected to have high mobility based upon Kocs of 80-120. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon a estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole. The half-life of molinate in soil is reported to be about 3 weeks; volatilization half-life of applications to flooded rice fields are reported to range from about 1 to 6 days. If released into water, molinate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the measured Kocs. Biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 and 94 days, respectively. Molinate has been shown to undergo photooxidation, via reaction with photochemically formed species such as hydroxyl radicals, in natural water. Dilute solutions of molinate in distilled water are stable to sunlight and UV irradation ( > 290 nm). BCF values ranging from 13 to 48 suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Hydrolysis is not expected to occur due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. Occupational exposure to molinate may occur through

inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where molinate is produced or used. (SRC) **PEER REVIEWED** PROBABLE ROUTES OF HUMAN EXPOSURE: Human exposure to molinate occurs through inhalation in the vicinity of its application as a pesticide(1). Occupational exposure to molinate occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of aerosols and dust where molinate is produced or used, especially to workers applying the compound as a herbicide(2). Dermal and respiratory exposures of molinate were monitored in various workers involved in aerial application of the herbicide(3); total exposures with either liquid or granular formulations were less than 10 mg/day under normal conditions with the exception of the loader (using granular formulations) whose total exposure was about 30 mg/day(3). [(1) Woodrow JE et al; pp. 61-81 in Long Range Transport of Pesticides (1990) (2) Parmeggiani L; Encyl Occup Health Safety 3rd ed. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labour Office pp. 973-4 (1983) (3) Knarr RD et al; Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 14: 523-7 (1985)]**PEER REVIEWED** ARTIFICIAL POLLUTION SOURCES: Molinate's use as a herbicide(1) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). [(1) Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister p. C 268 (2000)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: Ordram was applied in granular form to flooded rice paddy. The half-life of Ordram was less than 100 hr. No significant residues were present in the water after 192 hr. In a rice field, Ordram was half gone in 3 days. About 80% of the Ordram was lost by vaporization. Field studies conducted under flooded rice cultivation indicated that molinate has a half-life of 74 to 118 hr in intermittent flow plots and 37 to 71 hr in continuous flow plots. The half-life was not dependent on application rate. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980.403]**PEER REVIEWED** TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 80-120(2,3) indicates that molinate is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of molinate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a estimated Henry's Law constant of 4.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(4). Molinate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.6X10-3 mm Hg(5). Molinate residues do not persist long enough to injure susceptible crops planted 1 yr after application(6). Field studies have shown that volatilization can be the dominant removal process for molinate applications to soil and flooded rice field surfaces(9-11). The half-life in most loam soils (at 21-27 deg C) is approximately 3 weeks(6); the US Dept of Agric's Pesticide Properties Database lists a soil half-life of 21 days(5). Volatilization half-lives of applications to flooded rice fields are reported to range from about 1 to 6 days(8,9,12). Biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. Degradation studies have shown that molinate will degrade more rapidly in non-sterile soil than in sterile soil; > 90% of initial molinate degraded while only 10-20% degraded in the sterile controls(7). Degradation under anaerobic soil conditions is reported to be slower than under aerobic conditions(7,8); half-lives were 8-25 days under upland conditions and about 40-160 days under flooded conditions(7). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Kanazawa

J; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 477-84 (1989) (3) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991) (4) Sagebiel JC et al; Chemosphere 25: 1763-8 (1992) (5) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991) (6) Ahrens WH; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci Soc Amer pp. 206 (1994) (7) Imai Y, Kuwatsuka S; J Pestic Sci 7: 487-97 (1982) (8) Tanji KK et al; Calif Agric 28: 10-2 (1974) (9) Seiber JN et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 577-88 (1989) (10) Soderquist CJ et al; J Agric Food Chem 25: 940-5 (1977) (11) Ross LJ, Sava RJ; J Environ Qual 15: 220-4 (1986) (12) Higashi RM, Crosby DG; Amer Chem Soc, Div Pest Chem, 188th ACS Nat Mtg, Philadelphia PA, Paper No. 60 (1987)]**PEER REVIEWED** AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 80-120(2,3), indicate that molinate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(4) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 4.10X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(4), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 12 and 94 days, respectively(SRC). The major loss route from water is by volatilization, with a reported half-life of 84 hrs from rice paddies in the Sacramento Valley in California(6). The half-life of molinate in natural waters collected from rice paddies or rivers fed by rice paddy runoff ranged from 0.6 to 6.6 days(12). Molinate can degrade in water through photooxidation(13). Molinate has been shown to undergo photo-sensitized degradation (via reaction with photochemically formed species such as hydroxyl radicals) in natural water(14,15); photodegradation rates will depend upon sunlight intensity and availability of sensitizing agents such as humic materials, amino acids, etc(SRC). According to a classification scheme(7), measured BCF values of 13 to 48(8-11), suggests bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. Molinate can degrade in water through biodegradation(13). Anaerobic conditions retard microbial degradation in aqueous media(13); therefore, persistence is expected to increase in anaerobic conditions with no sunlight exposure(SRC). [(1) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 17-28 (1983) (2) Kanazawa J; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 477-84 (1989) (3) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991) (4) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 4-9, 15-1 to 15-29 (1990) (5) Sagebiel JC et al; Chemosphere 25: 1763-8 (1992) (6) Seiber JN et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 577-88 (1989) (7) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994) (8) Kanazawa J; Pestic Sci 12: 417-24 (1981) (9) Tsuda T et al; Toxicol Environ Chem 34: 39-55 (1991) (10) Mabury SA et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 147: 71-117 (1996) (11) Tsuda T et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 60: 151-8 (1998) (12) Hankawa Y; J Pest Sci 10: 107-12 (1985) (13) Sugatt RH et al; Health Hazard Profile on Molinate. EPA Contract 68-03-3112 (Task 33) Cincinnati, OH: USEPA (ECAO) (1983) (14) Crosby DG; pp. 568-76 in Advances in Pesticide Sci, Part III. Geissbuhler H, ed. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press (1979) (15) Draper WM, Crosby DG; J Agric Food Chem 32: 231-7 (1984)]**PEER REVIEWED** ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), molinate, which has a vapor pressure of 5.6X10-3 mm Hg at 25 deg C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase molinate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 12 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of

3.0X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC), determined using a structure estimation method(3). [(1) Bidleman TF; Environ Sci Technol 22: 361-367 (1988) (2) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991) (3) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL BIODEGRADATION: Micrococcus sp. 22r degraded Ordram via S-ethyl-1-(2-hydroxy)-hexa-methyleniminothiocarbamate, 1-hexamethyleniminothiocarbamic acid, S-ethyl-(1,2-2-hydroxy)-hexamethyleniminothiocarbamate, S-ethyl-(2-oxo)-1-hexamethyleniminothiocarbamate. With Bacillus sp. 24 and Nocardia sp. 119, Ordram gave rise to oxo- and dioxo metabolites. Oxidation of the ethyl group to a carboxyl group was observed. There was no hydrolysis of the ethyl group. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980.403]**PEER REVIEWED** AEROBIC: It was reported that 20% of molinate applied at 5 kg/ha to a field planted to barley underwent biotransformation after a 4-day incubation period(1). Over an 80-day incubation period, molinate degraded much more rapidly in three non-sterile Japanese soils as compared to sterile soils(2); in the non-sterile soils, > 90% of initial molinate degraded while only 10-20% degraded in the sterile controls under upland conditions(2); degradation was slower (20-70%) in flooded soils(2); half-lives were 8-25 days under upland conditions and about 40-160 days under flooded conditions(2). Degradation of molinate in a non-sterile perfusion soil system was shown to be faster than in a sterile control system(3). A half-life in soil of 21 days has been reported using soils from the vicinity of the River Po, Italy(5). Molinate at a concn of 1.2 mg/l was degraded 50% in 30 days and 81% to 19% in 60 days in lake water from the Albufera in Valencia, Spain which was illuminated and aerated(4); the compound was degraded 96% in 30 days and to 96% in 60 days in redistilled water under the same conditions(4). [(1) Strekozov BP et al; Khim Sel'sk Khoz 17: 28-31 (1979) (2) Imai Y, Kuwatsuka S; J Pestic Sci 7: 487-97 (1982) (3) Imai Y, Kuwatsuka S; J Pestic Sci 11: 57-63 (1986) (4) Carrasco JM et al; Sci Total Environ 123/124: 219-32 (1992) (5) Halfon E et al; Chemosphere 33: 1543-62 (1996)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL ABIOTIC DEGRADATION: Studies with molinate indicated that degradation of molinate was primarily photochemical after application to a rice field. Although the molinate UV absorption maximum is 225 nm and would not be expected to undergo photolysis, the presence of the naturally occurring photosensitizer tryptophan promote photodecomposition. [Menzie, C.M. Metabolism of Pesticides-Update III. Special Scientific Report- Wildlife No. 232. Washington, DC: U.S.Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1980.402]**PEER REVIEWED** The rate constant for vapor-phase reaction of molinate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 3X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 deg C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 12 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Molinate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). Molinate is stable to

ordinary aqueous hydrolysis at pH 5-9(3,4). Molinate solutions at a starting concn of 1 mg/l in redistilled water and irradiated with UV-lamps showed a residual molinate concn of 4% after 24 hrs(5). Dilute solutions of molinate in distilled water are stable to sunlight and UV irradation ( > 290 nm)(3,6); however, in the field, abiotic transformation of pesticides such as molinate occurs largely through photochemical pathways(7). Molinate has been shown to undergo photooxidation degradation (via reaction with photochemically formed species such as hydroxyl radicals) in natural water(3,8,9). Timing of diurnal temperature variation reduced molinate dissipation in the field by four fold, with a half-life of 6.02 days over a temperature range of 18-32 deg C reported(10). In aqueous solutions exposed to Oct sunlight (at Davis, CA) for 245 hr, only 2% (or less) of initial molinate photodecomposed; indirect photolysis via hydroxyl radicals was considered the most likely route of the photodegradations(9). In a study of surface water from the Ebro River Estuary, Spain, photodegradation in flooded rice fields was reported to be the major route of dissipation of molinate in water(11). [(1) Meylan WM, Howard PH; Chemosphere 26: 2293-99 (1993) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 7-4, 7-5 (1990) (3) Crosby DG; pp. 568-76 in Advances in Pesticide Sci, Part III. Geissbuhler H, ed. Oxford: Pergamon Press (1979) (4) Mabury SA et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 147: 71-117 (1996) (5) Carrasco JM et al; Sci Total Environ 123/124: 219-32 (1992) (6) Soderquist CJ et al; J Agric Food Chem 25: 940-5 (1977) (7) Brooks GT; J Environ Sci Health B 15: 755-93 (1980) (8) Draper WM, Crosby DG; J Agric Food Chem 32: 231-7 (1984) (9) Draper RB, Crosby DG; ACS Symp Ser. Zika RG, Copper WJ, ed. Washington, DC: ACS. 327(Photochemistry of Environmental Aquatic Systems): 240-7 (1987) (10) Higashi RM, Crosby DG; in 188th ACS Natl Mtg, Philadelphia, PA. Paper Nbo. 60 Amer Chem Soc, Div Pest Chem (1987) (11) Barcelo D et al; pp. 237-53 in Herbicides Metabolites in Surface water and Ground water. Meyers MT, Thurman EM, eds. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc (1996)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCONCENTRATION: Using a continuous-flow water system and a 14 day exposure period, a molinate BCF of 26 was measured in a freshwater fish (topmouth gudgeon)(1). Avg BCFs of 48 and 18 were calculated for pale chub and ayu sweetfish, respectively, collected from Japanese rivers by measuring the water concn and the fish concn(2). BCF values of 30 in Japanese carp, 25.2 for striped bass, 19.7 for white sturgeon, 30.5 in common carp have been reported(3). Average BCFs from fish samples, pale chub and ayu sweetfish, from seven rivers flowing into Lake Biwa from April 1995 to March 1996 were 16 and 13, respectively(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate. [(1) Kanazawa J; Pestic Sci 12: 417-24 (1981) (2) Tsuda T et al; Toxicol Environ Chem 34: 39-55 (1991) (3) Mabury SA et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 147: 71-117 (1996) (4) Tsuda T et al; Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 60: 151-8 (1998) (5) Franke C et al; Chemosphere 29: 1501-14 (1994)]**PEER REVIEWED** SOIL ADSORPTION/MOBILITY: Koc values of 80 and 89 were measured for molinate in two Japanese soils (respective organic carbon contents of 1.35 and 4.24%)(1). The US Dept of Agric's Pesticide Properties Database reports a molinate Koc value of 190(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these measured Koc values suggest that molinate is expected to have high mobility in soil. Molinate readily leaches in mineral soils, slightly more than EPTC(7). In lysimeter

leaching studies using a mineral alluvial soil and a humic volcanic ash soil, molinate leached more rapidly than simetryne, thiobencarb and chlornitrofen(4). In soil column leaching studies, molinate leached more readily than other thiocarbamate herbicides (EPTC, vernolate, pebulate, R-2063)(5); very little of the molinate applied to the surface remained in the upper 3 inches of soil columns(5). Molinate was observed to have high mobility in a chernozem soil(6). [(1) Kanazawa J; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 477-84 (1989) (2) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991) (3) Swann RL et al; Res Rev 85: 23 (1983) (4) Nakamura K et al; J Pest Sci 8: 9-16 (1983) (5) Gray RA, Weierich AJ; Weed Sci 16: 77-9 (1968) (6) Strekozov BP et al; Khim Sel'sk Khoz 17: 28-31 (1979) (7) Ahrens WH; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Sci Soc Amer p. 206 (1994)]**PEER REVIEWED** VOLATILIZATION FROM WATER/SOIL: UNDER MOIST CONDITIONS 50% OF MOLINATE WAS LOST IN 3 WK; UNDER FLOODED CONDITIONS 10 WK. IN FLOODED CONDITIONS VOLATILIZATION WAS MECHANISM OF LOSS; NON-FLOODED CONDITIONS SHOWED A VARIETY OF DEGRADATION PATHWAYS. [THOMAS VM, HOLT CL; J ENVIRON SCI HEALTH B 15 (5): 475-84 (1980)]**PEER REVIEWED** ALL /OF THE THIOCARBAMATES/...ARE INCORPORATED INTO THE SOIL TO PRECLUDE RAPID GASEOUS LOSS BEFORE WEED CONTROL CAN BE ACHIEVED. /THIOCARBAMATE HERBICIDES/ [White-Stevens, R. (ed.). Pesticides in the Environment: Volume 3. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1977.108]**PEER REVIEWED** The Henry's Law constant for molinate is 4.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole at 20 deg C(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that molinate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2) and moist soil surfaces(SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec with a wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 94 days(SRC). Molinate is readily lost from wet soil surfaces when not incorporated immediately after application(3). Feild applications of molinate show that the compound dissipates readily under ricefield conditions, exhibiting a half-life of 96 hrs under intermittent irrigation and 54 hrs under continuous-flow operations(4). Using flooded rice paddy plots on silt loam and silty clay soils in Arkansas, > 90% molinate applied at an initial rate of 5.6 kg active ingredient/ha had dissipated after 21 days; the initial distribution of molinate between paddy water and soil was 65 and 35%, respectively(5). In a laboratory test (27.5 deg C, water depth of 0.042 meters), about 40-50% molinate volatilized after 110 hr(6). In another laboratory, molinate volatilized from distilled water with a half-life of 17.33 days(7). The volatilization half-life of molinate from a glass surface under winter temperatures was a relatively fast (compared to other pesticides) 0.44 hr(7). Another study reported that 50% of an initial barley field application of molinate volatilized within 1 day(8). Molinate solutions of 1 mg/l redistilled water solutions showed 78% residual in darkness, 65% in solutions exposed to daylight lamps, 16% residual in aerated solutions, and 5% in solutions aerated and exposed to daylight lamps after 10 days(9). Molinate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 5.6X10-3 mm Hg(10). [(1) Sagebiel JC et al; Chemosphere 25: 1763-8 (1992) (2) Lyman WJ et al; Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc pp. 15-15 to 15-29 (1990) (3) Ahrens WH; Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 7th ed.

Champaign, IL: Weed Sci Soc Amer p. 206 (1994) (4) Mabury SA et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 147: 71-117 (1996) (5) Johnson WG, Lavy TL; J Environ Qual 24: 487-93 (1995) (6) Draper WM, Crosby DG; J Agric Food Chem 32: 728-33 (1984) (7) Okumura T; J Environ Chem 1: 38-47 (1991) (8) Strekozov BP et al; Khim Sel'sk Khoz 17: 28-31 (1979) (9) Carrasco JM et al; Sci Total Environ 123/124: 219-32 (1992) (10) Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL WATER CONCENTRATIONS: DRINKING WATER: Tap water samples collected near the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station near Beaumont, TX in July 1977 contained molinate at a concn of approximately 33 ppm(1). [(1) Brown KW et al; Inter J Environ Studies 14: 49-54 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** SURFACE WATER: Samples from rice field drains in the Sacramento River Basin, CA ranged from a high of 210 ppb in 1976 to a low of 25 ppb in 1995, attributable to management practices aimed at reducing amount of pesticide released into the Sacramento River(1); Sacramento River levels ranged from a high of 27 ppb in 1982 to a low of 0.16 ppb in 1995(1). Water samples collected in 1995 from three streams in the Mississippi delta during the rice growing season contained max molinate concns in June/July of 33 ug/l, 27 ug/l, and 58 ug/l from Steele Bayou near Rolling Fork, MI, Deer Creek near Hollandale, MI, and the Big Sunflower River near Anguilla, MI, respectively, which tapered off towards the end of the growing season in August/September(2). In a study conducted from April 1993 through April 1994, molinate was not detected in water samples from two tributary streams of the South Platte River, a small agricultural area in the Lonetree Creek Basin, but was detected in a small urban area in the Cherry Creek Basin in Colorado at a max concn of 0.01 ug/l(3). Molinate was analyzed for but not detected in Arno River, Italy samples taken from 1992 through 1995(4). Monitoring of seven Japanese rivers flowing into Lake Biwa in 1988 and 1989 detected molinate levels as high as 27.4 ng/ml, although levels were generally below 1 ng/ml(5). Water samples collected from various regions of Lake Albufera in Valencia, Spain during 1983, 1984 and 1985 contained molinate levels of 1 to 89 ppb(6); monitoring was conducted during the agricultural use season(6). Samples from the Louros River, Greece taken from January to April, 1995, May to August 1995, September to December 1995, January to April 1996, and May to August 1996 contained average concns of molinate at not detected, 0.8 ng/l, not detected, not detected, and 3.6 ng/l, respectively(7). Molinate concns of 0.254-1.400, < 0.001-0.038, not detected, < 0.003-1.750, < 0.001-0.90, and < 0.001 ug/l were reported in water samples from the Ebro Drainage Canal, Spain, Ebro River, Spain, Rhone River, France, Po River, Italy, the Axios, Luodias, and Aliakmon Rivers, Greece, and the Louros and Arcthos Rivers, Greece, respectively(8). [(1) Byard JL; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 159: 95-100 (1999) (2) Coupe RH et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 3673-80 (1998) (3) Kimbrough RA et al; Environ Sci Technol 30: 908-16 (1996) (4) Griffini O et al; Bull Environ Toxicol 59: 202-9 (1997) (5) Tsuda T et al; Toxicol Environ Chem 34: 39-55 (1991) (6) Carrasco JM et al;J Assoc Off Anal Chem 70: 752-3 (1987) (7) Albanis TA, Hela DG; Inter J Environ Anal Chem 70: 105-20 (1998) (8) Readman JW et al; Mar Pollut Bull 26: 613-9 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED** SEAWATER: Molinate concns were < 50 ng/l in March 1992, 400 ng/l in April 1993, 1000 ng/l in May 1992, 3800 ng/l in June 1992, 1100 in July 1992, and < 50 ng/l in September 1992 in samples from Ebro River estuary, Tarragona, north east Spain, monitored from March 1992 to March

1993(1). Molinate concns of < 0.001-0.568, not detected, < 0.003-0.103, < 0.001-0.30, < 0.001, and < 0.001 ug/l were reported in water samples from the Ebro Delta lagoons, Spain, Rhone Delta, France, Northern Adriatic, the Thermaikos Gulf, Greece, the Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece, and the Nile delta, Egypt, respectively(2). [(1) Barcelo D et al; pp. 237-53 in Herbicides Metabolites in Surface water and Ground water. Meyers MT, Thurman EM, eds. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc (1996) (2) Readman JW et al; Mar Pollut Bull 26: 613-9 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED** GROUNDWATER: A study of 77 wells in the Mississippi Alluvial Aquifer near Jefferson, Phillips, and Desha Counties, AR sampled between July and September, 1996 revealed 24 wells with detectable levels of pesticides, molinate being detected in 7 wells at a concn range of 0.01605 to 0.24612 ug/l(1). Molinate was not detected in any of the 1034 sampling sites for the 41 land-use studies from June 1993 to March 1995 in the continuous US(2). Molinate was detected in Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta water at a maximum concn of 1.5 ug/l(3). Groundwater samples collected near Pavia, Italy in an agricultural region had molinate concns ranging from 0.05 to 154 ug/l(4). The compound was not detected in samples from the Campo de Nijar aquifer in Almeria, south east Spain, monitored from March 1993 to March 1994(5). 13% of the 313 well samples from Pavia, Northern Italy were positive for molinate, with a max concn of 154 g/l; the higher concns of all contaminants were observed in 73% of shallow wells while only 27% of the deep wells showed the presence of contaminants(6). [(1) Kresse T et al; Water Res Eng 2: 1206-11 (1998) (2) Kolpin DW et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 558-66 (1998) (3) Lam RHF et al; pp. 15-44 in Water Contam Health. Wang RGM, ed. NY, NY: M Dekker (1994) (4) Leistra M, Boesten JJTI; Agric Ecosystems Environ 26: 369-89 (1989) (5) Barcelo D et al; pp. 237-53 in Herbicides Metabolites in Surface water and Ground water. Meyers MT, Thurman EM, eds. Washington, DC: Amer Chem Soc (1996) (6) Fortina L et al; Water Sci Technol 28: 369-77 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED** EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS: Stormwater runoff in the Sacramento River Basin, CA sampled during a storm in January, 1994 contained molinate at a concn range of 91 to 475 ng/l post-rainfall(1). In a 1988-1989 agricultural field runoff study conducted in Greece, it was estimated that 0.3% of field applied molinate was transported to the Gulf of Thermaikos via the Loudias River(2). [(1) Domagalski J; J Amer Water Res Assoc 32: 953-64 (1996) (2) Albanis TA; Chemosphere 22: 645-53 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED** SEDIMENT/SOIL CONCENTRATIONS: SEDIMENTS: Sediments collected from a drainage canal servicing a rice growing field contained a molinate concn of approximately 15.3 ppm(1). Molinate concns of not detected, < 0.01-2.7, < 0.01, and < 0.001 ug/g dry wt were reported in sediment samples from the Ebro Delta, Spain, the Thermaikos Gulf, Greece, the Amvrakikos Gulf, Greece, and the Nile delta, Egypt, respectively(2). [(1) Tsukabayashi H et al; Ishikawa-Ken Eisei Kogai Kenkyusho Nenpo 23: 279-85 (1987) (2) Readman JW et al; Mar Pollut Bull 26: 613-9 (1993)]**PEER REVIEWED** ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS: SOURCE DOMINATED: Ambient air monitoring (conducted in May and June 1986) of molinate at four sites in CA in the vicinity of current agricultural usage detected overall avg concns of 60-650 ng/cu m(1); the highest daily avg was 1720 ng/cu m(1); levels of < 2.0 ng/cu m (detection limit) were monitored at a background site (not near the usage areas)(1); several days

after molinate usage had ceased, air concns were below the detection limit at the use areas(1). 2 air samples collected from Colusa County in the San Joaguin Valley, CA, where approximately 8 million acres are cultivated, contained a mean molinate concn of 0.57 ug/cu m, with a maximum of 1.2 ug/cu m(2). 40% of the air samples collected over the Mississippi River from New Orleans, LA to St. Paul, MN from June 1 through June 10, 1994 contained molinate at a max concn of 3.1 ng/cu m; positive samples correlated with regional use(3). [(1) Seiber JN et al; Environ Toxicol Chem 8: 577-88 (1989) (2) Baker LW et al; Environ Sci Technol 30: 1365-8 (1996) (3) Majewski MS et al; Environ Sci Technol 32: 3689-98 (1998)]**PEER REVIEWED** ANIMAL CONCENTRATIONS: Mussels collected from the Tokyo Bay in Japan during May and Aug of 1983 and 1984 contained maximum molinate levels of 0.20 ppm(1). [(1) Kato Y et al; Chiba-Ken Eisei Kenkyusho Kenkyu Hokoku 9: 47-53 (1985)]**PEER REVIEWED** ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS & REGULATIONS: FIFRA REQUIREMENTS: Tolerances are established for negligible residues of the herbicide S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate in or on the raw agcultural commodities rice and rice straw. [40 CFR 180.228 (7/1/2000)]**PEER REVIEWED** As the federal pesticide law FIFRA directs, EPA is conducting a comprehensive review of older pesticides to consider their health and environmental effects and make decisions about their future use. Under this pesticide reregistration program, EPA examines health and safety data for pesticide active ingredients initially registered before November 1, 1984, and determines whether they are eligible for reregistration. In addition, all pesticides must meet the new safety standard of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. Pesticides for which EPA had not issued Registration Standards prior to the effective date of FIFRA, as amended in 1988, were divided into three lists based upon their potential for human exposure and other factors, with List B containing pesticides of greater concern and List D pesticides of less concern. Molinate is found on List B. Case No: 2435; Pesticide type: herbicide; Case Status: OPP is reviewing data from the pesticide's producers regarding its human health and/or environmental effects, or OPP is determining the pesticide's eligibility for reregistration and developing the Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED) document.; Active ingredient (AI): S-Ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate; Data Call-in (DCI) Date(s): 06/11/91, 10/13/95; AI Status: The producers of the pesticide has made commitments to conduct the studies and pay the fees required for reregistration, and are meeting those commitments in a timely manner. [USEPA/OPP; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration and Special Review p.193 (Spring, 1998) EPA 738-R-98-002]**PEER REVIEWED** STATE DRINKING WATER STANDARDS: (CA) CALIFORNIA 20 ug/l[USEPA/Office of Water; Federal-State Toxicology and Risk Analysis Committee (FSTRAC). Summary of State and Federal Drinking Water Standards and Guidelines (11/93)]**QC REVIEWED**

ALLOWABLE TOLERANCES: Tolerances are established for negligible residues of the herbicide S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate in or on the raw agricultural commodities rice and rice straw at 0.1 ppm. [40 CFR 180.228 (7/1/2000)]**PEER REVIEWED** CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: MOLECULAR FORMULA: C9-H17-N-O-S **PEER REVIEWED** MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 187.31 [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1998-1999. 3-211]**PEER REVIEWED** COLOR/FORM: Clear liquid [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** Amber liquid [Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2000.C 268]**PEER REVIEWED** ODOR: Aromatic [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** BOILING POINT: 136.5 deg C @ 10 mm Hg [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** CORROSIVITY: Noncorrosive [Ahrens, W.H. Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America, 1994.205]**PEER REVIEWED** DENSITY/SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.063 g/ml @ 20 deg C [Lide, D.R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press Inc., 1998-1999. 3-211]**PEER REVIEWED** OCTANOL/WATER PARTITION COEFFICIENT: log Kow = 3.21 [Hansch, C., Leo, A., D. Hoekman. Exploring QSAR - Hydrophobic, Electronic, and Steric Constants. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society., 1995.64]**PEER REVIEWED** SOLUBILITIES: Miscible with acetone, ethanol, kerosene, 4-methylpentan-2-one, xylene [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** In water, 970 mg/l @ 25 deg C [Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED**

SPECTRAL PROPERTIES: INDEX OF REFRACTION: 1.5124 @ 30 DEG C/D [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** VAPOR PRESSURE: 5.6X10-3 mm Hg @ 25 deg C [Wauchope RD et al; Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 123: 1-164 (1991)]**PEER REVIEWED** OTHER CHEMICAL/PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: Henry's Law constant= 4.1X10-6 atm-cu m/mole @ 20 deg C [Sagebiel JC et al; Chemosphere 25: 1763-8 (1992)]**PEER REVIEWED** Unstable in light [Ahrens, W.H. Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America, 1994.205]**PEER REVIEWED** Relatively stable to hydrolysis by acids and alkalis (pH 5-9) at 40 deg C. [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** CHEMICAL SAFETY & HANDLING: SKIN, EYE AND RESPIRATORY IRRITATIONS: Irritating to skin and eyes ... . [Gosselin, R.E., R.P. Smith, H.C. Hodge. Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products. 5th ed. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1984.II-329]**PEER REVIEWED** FIRE POTENTIAL: FIRE POINT= 143 DEG C. [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.325]**PEER REVIEWED** FLASH POINT: 139 DEG C (OC) [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.325]**PEER REVIEWED** HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION: When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of /nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides/. [Lewis, R.J. Sax's Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 9th ed. Volumes 1-3. New York, NY: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.1563]**PEER REVIEWED** PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT & CLOTHING: Wear protective clothing; wash it thoroughly after use. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.C-230]**PEER REVIEWED** PREVENTIVE MEASURES: SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure,

the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. **PEER REVIEWED** Avoid contact and inhalation. Wash hands and exposed skin before eating, drinking or smoking and after work. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.C-230]**PEER REVIEWED** SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning. **PEER REVIEWED** STABILITY/SHELF LIFE: STABLE AT 100 DEG C FOR 16 HOURS [Sunshine, I. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Analytical Toxicology. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1969.522]**PEER REVIEWED** APPARENTLY INDEFINITE STORAGE LIFE UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONS; PHOTOSENSITIVITY IS INDETERMINANT [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.326]**PEER REVIEWED** Relatively stable to hydrolysis by acids and alkalies. [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** Stable @ < 200 deg C [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** STORAGE CONDITIONS: Store away from food and feedstuffs and out of reach of children. [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.C-230]**PEER REVIEWED** DISPOSAL METHODS: SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. **PEER REVIEWED** Incinerate in a unit equipped with an effluent gas scrubber to absorb polluting combustion product (sulfur dioxide). Incineration temp about 1000 deg C for 1-2 sec. Recommendable methods: Incineration /of treated residual/. [United Nations. Treatment and Disposal Methods for Waste Chemicals (IRPTC File). Data Profile Series No. 5. Geneva, Switzerland: United Nations Environmental Programme, Dec. 1985.97]**PEER REVIEWED**

OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE STANDARDS: MANUFACTURING/USE INFORMATION: MAJOR USES: For Molinate (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 041402) ACTIVE products with label matches. /SRP: Registered for use in the U.S. but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./ [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Molinate (2212-67-1). Available from the Database Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of Sept 8, 2000.]**PEER REVIEWED** Selective herbicide [Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2000.C 268]**PEER REVIEWED** Herbicide [United States Environmental Protection Agency/ Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances; Status of Pesticides in Registration, Reregistration, and Special Review. (1998) EPA 738-R-98-002 193]**PEER REVIEWED** MANUFACTURERS: Zeneca Inc., 1800 Concord Pike, P.O. B ox 15438, Wilmington, DE 19850-5438, (302) 886-3000; Zeneca Ag Products; Production site: Cold Creek, AL 36512 [SRI International. 2000 Directory of Chemical Producers -- United States. SRI Consulting, Menlo Park: CA 2000790]**PEER REVIEWED** METHODS OF MANUFACTURING: From ethyl chlorothiolformate and hexamethyleneimine. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982.402]**PEER REVIEWED** Hexamethyleneimine + ethyl chlorothioformate (dehydrochlorination) [Ashford, R.D. Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals. London, England: Wavelength Publications Ltd., 1994.602]**PEER REVIEWED** GENERAL MANUFACTURING INFORMATION: /MOLINATE/ ... IS APPLIED EITHER BEFORE PLANTING TO WATER-SEEDED OR SHALLOW SOIL-SEEDED RICE OR POST-FLOOD, POST-EMERGENCE ON OTHER TYPES OF RICE CULTURE. [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** Should be applied and incorporated into the soil with disk or spiketooth harrow before the field is flooded for planting of water seeded rice, or applied after waterseeded or drilled rice is flooded and after the watergrass has emerged at least 2 in and not more than 5 in from the soil, and is at least two-thirds submerged by the water. Rates of application are from 2 to 3 lb per acre. Emulsifiable liquid concentrate are diluted with water so that the recommended rate is applied in the gallonage required for air and ground application. [Weed Science Society of America.

Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.325]**PEER REVIEWED** FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 041402; Trade Names: Hydram; Ordram; R-4572; Felan; Jalan; Yulan; and Sakkimol. [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Molinate (2212-67-1). Available from the Database Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of Sept 8, 2000.]**PEER REVIEWED** ORDRAM 63 (6 LB/GAL); ORDRAM 5G (5% BY WT). GRANULES--5% &amp; 10% ACTIVE INGREDIENT. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982.402]**PEER REVIEWED** Tech. material is 95% pure. [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997847]**PEER REVIEWED** Formulations of this product include an emulsifiable liquid (8 lb active ingredient/gal and granules (10% active ingredient). [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991.1348]**PEER REVIEWED** Emulsifiable liquid, granules [Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2000.C 268]**PEER REVIEWED** LABORATORY METHODS: CLINICAL LABORATORY METHODS: HERL Method HERL_001. Modification of Mills, Onley, Gaither Method for the Determination of Multiple Organochlorine Pesticides and Metabolites in Human or Animal Adipose Tissue. [USEPA; EMMI. Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 2.0. NTIS PB-95-502415 (1995)]**PEER REVIEWED** ANALYTIC LABORATORY METHODS: Product analysis by glc (AOAC Methods 1995, 974.05) ... Residues in crops and soil determined by glc or colorimetry after conversion to a suitable derivative. ... In drinking water, by gc with FID (AOAC Methods, 1995, 991.07). [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997848]**PEER REVIEWED** GC DETERMINATION OF MOLINATE IN HERBICIDE/LIQUID &amp; GRANULAR/ FORMULATIONS. [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists, 1990V1 221]**PEER REVIEWED** AOAC Method 991.07. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Containing Pesticides in Finished Drinking Water by Gas Chromatographic Method. Estimated Method Detection Limit= 0.150 ug/l. [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists, 1990]**PEER REVIEWED**

AOAC Method 974.05. Thiocarbamates in Herbicide Formulations by Gas Chromatographic Method. [Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. and Supplements. Washington, DC: Association of Analytical Chemists, 1990]**PEER REVIEWED** Molinate can be separated from impurities on several columns and detected by GC with either thermal conductivity or flame ionization detectors. [Ahrens, W.H. Herbicide Handbook of the Weed Science Society of America. 7th ed. Champaign, IL: Weed Science Society of America, 1994.206]**PEER REVIEWED** IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF MOLINATE IN WATER USING GC AND GC/MS. [MINAKAWA O ET AL; JPN J PUBLIC HEALTH (NIPPON KOSHU EISEI ZASSHI) 25 (11): 645-51 (1978)]**PEER REVIEWED** THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF HERBICIDAL THIOCARBAMATES AND THEIR SULFOXIDE AND SULFONE METABOLITES ... FROM PLANT CO-EXTRACTS ON SILICA GEL SHEETS. THE LIMIT OF DETECTION WAS 0.05 UG FOR MOLINATE. [KOMIVES T ET AL; J CHROMATOGR 175 (1): 222-3 (1979)]**PEER REVIEWED** EMSLC Method 507. Determination of Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-Containing Pesticides in Water by Gas Chromatography with a Nitrogen-Phosphorus Detector. Revision 2.0. Estimated Detection Limit= 0.150 ug/l. [USEPA; EMMI. Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 2.0. NTIS PB-95-502415 (1995)]**PEER REVIEWED** EMSLC Method 525.5. Determination of Organic Compounds in Drinking Water by Liquid-Solid Extraction and Capillary Column Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Revision 1.0. Detection limit= 0.087 ug/l. [USEPA; EMMI. Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 2.0. NTIS PB-95-502415 (1995)]**PEER REVIEWED** EMSLC Method 634. Determination of Thiocarbate Pesticides in Municipal and Industrial Wastewaters by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen-Phosphorus or Thermionic-specific Detection. Detection limit= 0.600 ug/l. [USEPA; EMMI. Environmental Monitoring Methods Index. Version 2.0. NTIS PB-95-502415 (1995)]**PEER REVIEWED** SPECIAL REFERENCES: SYNONYMS AND IDENTIFIERS: SYNONYMS: R-4572 [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** S-AETHYL-N-HEXAHYDRO-1H-AZEPINTHIOLCARBAMAT [GERMAN]**PEER REVIEWED** 1H-AZEPINE-1-CARBOTHIOIC ACID, HEXAHYDRO-, S-ETHYL ESTER **PEER REVIEWED** R-4572 [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's

Chemical Ingredients Database on Molinate (2212-67-1). Available from the Database Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of Sept 8, 2000.]**PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL AZEPANE-1-CARBOTHIOATE [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL ESTER HEXAHYDRO-1H-AZEPINE-1-CARBOTHIOIC ACID [Sunshine, I. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Analytical Toxicology. Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1969.554]**PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL HEXAHYDROAZEPINE-1-CARBOTHIOATE **PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL HEXAHYDRO-1H-AZEPINE-1-CARBOTHIOATE [Weed Science Society of America. Herbicide Handbook. 5th ed. Champaign, Illinois: Weed Science Society of America, 1983.325]**PEER REVIEWED** ETHYL 1-HEXAMETHYLENEIMINECARBOTHIOLATE **PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL 1-HEXAMETHYLENEIMINOTHIOCARBAMATE **PEER REVIEWED** S-ethyl-N-hexamethylenethiocarbamate [U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety Health. Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). National Library of Medicine's current MEDLARS file.85/8406]**PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL N,N-HEXAMETHYLENETHIOCARBAMATE [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** S-Ethyl perhydroazepin-1-carbothioate [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** S-ETHYL PERHYDROAZEPINE-1-THIOCARBOXYLATE [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** FELAN **PEER REVIEWED** Higalnate [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** JALAN **PEER REVIEWED** Malerbane Giavoni L [Farm Chemicals Handbook 1992. Willoughby, OH: Meister Publishing Co., 1992.C-229]**PEER REVIEWED** MOLMATE **PEER REVIEWED** Ordam [Sittig, M. (ed.) Pesticide Manufacturing and Toxic Materials Control Encyclopedia. Park Ridge, NJ: Noyes Data Corporation. 1980. 536]**PEER REVIEWED**

ORDRAM [Worthing, C.R. and S.B. Walker (eds.). The Pesticide Manual - A World Compendium. 8th ed. Thornton Heath, UK: The British Crop Protection Council, 1987.578]**PEER REVIEWED** Perhydroazepin-1-carbothioate [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** Sakkimol [Hartley, D. and H. Kidd (eds.). The Agrochemicals Handbook. 2nd ed. Lechworth, Herts, England: The Royal Society of Chemistry, 1987.A282/Aug 87]**PEER REVIEWED** STAUFFER R-4,572 **PEER REVIEWED** YALAN **PEER REVIEWED** YULAN **PEER REVIEWED** FORMULATIONS/PREPARATIONS: USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 041402; Trade Names: Hydram; Ordram; R-4572; Felan; Jalan; Yulan; and Sakkimol. [U.S. Environmental Protection Agency/Office of Pesticide Program's Chemical Ingredients Database on Molinate (2212-67-1). Available from the Database Query page at http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/epa/epamenu.htm as of Sept 8, 2000.]**PEER REVIEWED** ORDRAM 63 (6 LB/GAL); ORDRAM 5G (5% BY WT). GRANULES--5% &amp; 10% ACTIVE INGREDIENT. [Spencer, E. Y. Guide to the Chemicals Used in Crop Protection. 7th ed. Publication 1093. Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada: Information Canada, 1982.402]**PEER REVIEWED** Tech. material is 95% pure. [Tomlin, C.D.S. (ed.). The Pesticide Manual - World Compendium, 11 th ed., British Crop Protection Council, Surrey, England 1997847]**PEER REVIEWED** Formulations of this product include an emulsifiable liquid (8 lb active ingredient/gal and granules (10% active ingredient). [Hayes, W.J., Jr., E.R. Laws, Jr., (eds.). Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. Volume 3. Classes of Pesticides. New York, NY: Academic Press, Inc., 1991.1348]**PEER REVIEWED** Emulsifiable liquid, granules [Farm Chemicals Handbook 2000. Willoughby, Ohio: Meister 2000.C 268]**PEER REVIEWED** ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATABANK NUMBER: 873 LAST REVISION DATE: 20030214 LAST REVIEW DATE: Reviewed by SRP on 1/20/2001 UPDATE HISTORY: Complete Update on 02/14/2003, 1 field added/edited/deleted.

Complete Update on 01/14/2002, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 08/09/2001, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/26/2001, 40 fields added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 03/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/09/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/02/2000, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 01/14/2000, 10 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 12/27/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 09/21/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 08/26/1999, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 06/02/1998, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 10/20/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 09/17/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 05/08/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 05/01/1997, 2 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 03/06/1997, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 10/13/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 01/19/1996, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 05/26/1995, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 12/22/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 04/26/1994, 50 fields added/edited/deleted. Field Update on 03/21/1994, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 02/05/1993, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Field update on 12/16/1992, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/10/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 05/21/1990, 1 field added/edited/deleted. Complete Update on 10/03/1986