The First Half of the War

Dec. 8th

1941

I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize

• Boosting American Morale– With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S. was forced to

watch the Japanese build a Pacific Empire – FDR was desperate for a victory to show that the U.S.

would fight

• Doolittle Raids – Japan was outside of our bomber’s range to attack – Or was it…? – The story… – Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in military

terms, but in morale terms

http://rds.yahoo.com/_ylt=A0Je5mdaROtEVM8Akv.JzbkF;_ylu=X3oDMTBkZHBkcXY4BHBvcwMyOARzZWMDc3I-/SIG=1frkfjbns/EXP=1156355546/**http%3A//images.search.yahoo.com/search/images/view%3Fback=http%253A%252F%252Fimages.search.yahoo.com%252Fsearch%252Fimages%253Fp%253Daircraft%252Bcarrier%2526tab%253DImages%2526ei%253DUTF-8%2526imgc%253Dbw%2526fr%253Dsbcfp-imp%2526b%253D21%26w=241%26h=350%26imgurl=www.chevaliertheater.com%252Fimages%252Flglang.jpg%26rurl=http%253A%252F%252Fwww.chevaliertheater.com%252Fpopups%252Fchev3.htm%26size=17.0kB%26name=lglang.jpg%26p=aircraft%2Bcarrier%26type=jpeg%26no=28%26tt=5,929%26ei=UTF-8

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c1/DoolittleRaiders_China_h97502.jpg

Looking for

someone???? Ha, ha, ha…

I told you not to bring your damn

plane!

• Once Again (see WWI) the American Economy revved up for war – Many of the same themes

as WWI • Production shifted to war

materials • The government took greater

control of the economy to manage it for war aims

• Minority groups were called upon to contribute, which caused some tension because they hoped for equality in return

Part II. America’s Wartime Economy

• Gov’t Oversaw the Economy – Rationing – Massive borrowing to finance the war Savings Bonds – Propaganda

• Films Why We Fight• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mm3GsSWKyso&safety_mode

=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active (start at 1:30)

– American production boomed• In 1940 (pre war) America produced $100 billion worth of goods.

In 1945 $220 billion. • Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war) 6,000. In 1943

85,000.

• Interesting Side Note Keynesian Economics Won Legitimacy – Why?

• New Deal gov. spending had weakened, but not ended, the Great Depression. World War II spending, much greater than New Deal spending, did.

– After the war, most economists accepted Keynesian principles

• Gov. should use its weight to minimize the business cycle

New Deal WWII

WWII TeamsAllies

Axis• Poland

• Britain

• France

Additions:

• USSR

• U.S.

•China

• and over 40 other countries

• Germany

• Japan

•Italy

•7 other small countries

Part III. The Fighting

Battle of the Atlantic (1941 – 1943)• Battle between Britain, U.S., and Germany over control of Atlantic Ocean

• From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle using U-Boats to destroy cargo ships

•By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic

•Convoys

•New technologies

•The Hedgehog

•Catapult planes

•Sonar

• Significant because U.S. now able to safely provide supplies, weapons, soldiers to war in Europe

Convoys

The Hedgehog

Struggle Over a 2nd Front• Germany launched the bulk of its military at the Soviet Union

•America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union (Communist) but we hated Hitler more

•Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed an alliance

•Starting in 1942 (after Pearl Harbor) Stalin desperately called on the Americans and British to invade Western Europe to open a 2nd front

•This would divide Germany’s forces

•America and Britain delayed

•Why?

•Our explanation An amphibious invasion is hard

•A possible alternative? Do we really mind if the Soviets and Germans kill each other?

Southern Front (1942 – 1943)•Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North Africa, and eventually on into Italy

•Called “Operation Torch”

•American General Eisenhower fought against German General Rommel (“the Desert Fox”).

•See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but…

•…not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler

•The ALPS!

• Allied victory, but long and slow

The Pacific

• About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s increased production allowed us to start to win battles in the Pacific against Japan – Rebuilt Pacific navy

• Two key early battles – Coral Sea – Midway

Battle of Coral Sea (1942)• five day battle where the Japanese

were trying to take over Australia

• Japanese vs. Americans & Australians

• all fighting was done by planes

• first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese attack had been stopped

Battle of Midway (1942)• Japan wanted to seize this island near Hawaii

• U.S. broke a Japanese code allowing us to successfully defend the island

• the U.S. bombed and destroyed Japanese aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes

• turning point in War in the Pacific

• led to the Island Hopping Campaign

Hansen Name ___________________U.S. History Period __________________

Lecture #3- The First Half of WWII (part a) Part I. After Pearl America Scrambled to Mobilize • Boosting American Morale

– With the Pacific fleet in disarray, the U.S. was forced _______________________________ ________________________________________

– FDR was ________________________________ to show that the U.S. would fight

• ______________________ – Japan was outside of our _______________________– Or was it…? – The story… _______________________________________

_________________________________________________– Doolittle’s bombing was a great success, not in __________ ,

but in ____________________ • Once Again (see WWI) the American Economy revved up for war

– Many of the same themes as WWI • Production _______________________________ • The government ___________________________

_____________________ to manage it for war aims • __________________ were called upon to contribute,

which caused some tension because they _________ ____________________________________________

Part II. America’s Wartime Economy• Gov’t Oversaw the Economy

– _______________________– Massive _____________________ the war Savings Bonds – Propaganda

• Films ________________________– American production boomed

• In 1940 (________) America produced $___________ worth of _______. In 1945 $_____________.

• Military aircraft produced in 1940 (pre war) ______. In 1943 ___________.

– Interesting Side Note ______________________________ ______________________

– Why? • New Deal gov. spending had ____________________

_________________ , the Great Depression. _______ ________________________ , much greater than New Deal spending, ___________.

– After the war, most economists accepted Keynesian principles • ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

Part III The Fighting • World War II Teams

– Allies Poland, Britain, France, _________________ ____________________________________________

– Axis powers Germany, Japan, and Italy _______• Battle of the Atlantic (1941-1943)

– Battle between _________________________ over control of Atlantic Ocean

– From 1941 to 1943 Germany dominated the battle using _______________________________

– By 1943 Allies were able to control the Atlantic• Convoys- ____________________________

____________________________________• New technologies

– __________________– Catapult planes – Sonar - ________________________

– Significant because U.S. now able to ______________ _____________________________ to war in Europe

• Struggle over ___________________________– Germany launched the bulk of its military at ________

__________________________________________– America and Britain didn’t like the Soviet Union

(Communist) but ______________________________• Thus, Britain, America, and the Soviets formed

___________________– Starting in 1942 (________________) Stalin

desperately called on the Americans and British to ___________________to open a 2nd front

• This would _________________________– America and Britain delayed

• Why? – Our explanation _______________

_______________________________ _______________________________

– A possible alternative? Do we really mind if _________________________ ______________________________?

• Southern Front – Eventually Britain and France opened a second front in North

Africa, _______________________________________ • Called ___________________________• American General ________________ fought against

German General Rommel (“the _____________”). – See, Stalin, we opened a 2nd front, but…

• …not exactly in the place most threatening to Hitler• ________________________

– Allied victory, but _______________

• The Pacific Front – About a year after Pearl Harbor, America’s ____________

_______________ allowed us to start to win battles in the Pacific against Japan

• ____________________________– Two key early battles

• Coral Sea • Midway

– Coral Sea • five day battle where the Japanese were ___________

________________________________________• Japanese vs. Americans & Australians• all fighting was ______________________• first time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese _________

_________________________________________– Midway

• Japan wanted to seize this island near Hawaii • U.S. _________________________ allowing us to

successfully defend the island• the U.S. bombed and destroyed Japanese aircraft

carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes• _________________________________________• led to the Island Hopping Campaign- ___________

__________________________________________