the fifth international rubiaceae and gentianales conference

The Fifth International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference

6-10 September 2010, Stockholm, Sweden

Responsible authorities: The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Stockholm University

Biodiversity in the Light of Historical Information

Programme, Abstracts & Participants

3

WELCOME ADDRESSWELCOME ADDRESS

This is the fifth international conference with focus on Rubiaceae and Gentianales. The first conference was held at the Missouri Botanical Garden, USA, 1993; the second at the National Botanical Garden in Belgium, Meise, 1995; the third at the University of Leuven, Belgium, 2006; and the latest conference in Xalapa, Mexico 2008. Undoubtedly, these more or less regularly arranged events have enhanced substantially our understanding and knowledge of the family Rubiaceae and the order Gentianales and I hope this conference will be as successful as the earlier meetings.

The program - Biodiversity in the light of historical information - covers four different themes: progress in phylogeny, character evolution, biogeography, as well as biodiversity, taxonomy and species richness - there will be a wide span of different talks and posters during the conference days. I am delighted to see so many specialists here; we have participants from 16 different countries: Belgium, Brazil, China, England, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Madagascar, Mexico, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, USA, and Venezuela.

Financial support from the Bergius Foundation, Stockholm University, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Anna-Greta and Holger Crafoord’s fund, and Jacob and Marcus Wallenberg’s memorial fund is gratefully acknowledged. The students and staff in Stockholm have contributed enthusiastically to the planning and preparation of the conference.

It is a great honour and pleasure to welcome you to Stockholm, to Stockholm Univer-sity, to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and to the Bergius Foundation for the Fifth International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference.

Birgitta Bremer

4

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Welcome address 3Contents 4Committees 5General Information 6Programme 9Abstracts 19Participants 67

5

V INTERNATIONAL RUBIACEAE AND GENTIANALES CONFERENCE

Organizing committee

Petra De Block, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Brussels, BelgiumTorsten Eriksson, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, SwedenKent Kainulainen, Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm,

SwedenAnbar Khodabandeh, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, SwedenÅsa Krüger, Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenUlrika Manns, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, SwedenHelga Ochoterena, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, Mexico City, MexicoJenny Smedmark, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, SwedenNiklas Wikström, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, Sweden

Scientific committee

Aaron Davis, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UKMary Endress, Institute of Systematic Botany, Zürich, SwitzerlandSylvain Razafimandimbison, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of

Sciences, Stockholm, SwedenElmar Robbrecht, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Brussels, BelgiumLena Struwe, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USACharlotte Taylor, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri, USAKhoon Meng Wong, Singapore Botanic Gardens, SingaporeBirgitta Bremer, Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences,

Stockholm, Sweden

6

GENERAL INFORMATIONGENERAL INFORMATION

VenueThe conference will take place at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Lilla Frescativägen 4A, which is situated in Fresacti, a few kilometers N of the centre of Stockholm, close to Stockholm University, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the Bergius Botanic Garden. The underground station "Universitetet" and the local train station, also named "Universitetet", are within five minutes walking distance.

ThemeThe theme of the conference will be "Biodiversity in the light of historical informa-tion", with the following topics:

* Progress in phylogeny* Character evolution* Biogeography* Biodiversity, taxonomy and species richness

Lunches and Refreshment breaksAll refreshments, lunches, and social events are free of charge, but we kindly ask you to wear your conference badge at all times during the meeting. Lunch meals will be served in the small villa (Klubbvillan) outside the main building of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and coffee and tea will be served outside the lecture hall ”Beijersalen” during the coffee breaks in the program.

ReceptionStockholm University has kindly invited us to a welcome reception at the Scheffler Palace (Swedish: Schefflerska palatset), commonly known as the Haunted Mansion (Swedish: Spökslottet), which is located at Drottninggatan 116 in Stockholm. It was built in the 1690s by the merchant Hans Petter Scheffler, and since the 1920s, the estate is owned by Stockholm University. (Ca 5 minutes walk from underground station “Rådmansgatan”).

Symposium banquetThe conference dinner takes place in the Old Orangerie in the Bergius Botanic Garden.

7

Visit to Uppsala and the Linnaeus summer house, garden and home.On Friday 10th of September we will visit Uppsala and the Linnaeus summer house, garden and home. A bus will take us from the Academy on Friday morning at 9.00 am. At the Linnaeus´ Hammarby Dr. Karin Martinsson will guide us in the building and we will also have a possibility to stroll around in the park, where we will have our lunch. Later we will go to the centre of Uppsala to see the Linnaeus´ botanical garden which is arranged according to his sexual system. The bus will leave Uppsala 15.00 and hopefully we will be back to the Academy 16.00 pm (in case anyone needs to be back earlier there are regular trains every 30 minutes to Stockholm).

Contact persons during the conferenceJenny Smedmark: 0046 (0) 733-785492Sylvain Razafimandimbison: 0046 (0) 737-861219Birgitta Bremer: 0046 (0) 709-718121Reception desk at The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences: 0046 (0) 8-6739500

InformationA message board is available near the registration/information desk. General information about the conference please contact Jenny Smedmark 0046 (0)733-785492

Instruction for presentersPlease contact the session chair-person prior to the session. Please, deliver your presentation to the technical person in the lecture hall at least one hour ahead of your presentation.

9

PROGRAMMEPROGRAMME

10

8.00 Registration, mounting of posters and coffee

9.30 Opening ceremonyStaffan Normark, Permanent Secretary, The Royal Swedish Academy of

Sciences and Kåre Bremer, Vice Chancellor, Stockholm University

Progress in phylogeny I (Chair: Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison)

10.00 Keynote lecture: Rubiaceae Systematics and Morphological Characters: An Emerging New Understanding

Charlotte M. Taylor

11.00 Phylogeny of the “rest” of Gentianales (Excluding Rubiaceae): What Can We Conclude From Currently Available Data?

Tatyana Livshultz, Lena Struwe, Cynthia Frasier

11.30 Subfamily Asclepiadoideae: Radiations in the New WorldSigrid Liede-Schumann

12.00 Lunch

Progress in phylogeny II (Chair: Mary Endress)

13.30 Increased Resolution of Generic Relationships Within Chiococceae s. lat. Inferred Using Combined nrDNA and cpDNA

Sushil K. Paudyal, Piero G. Delprete, Timothy J. Motley

14.00 A Phylogenetic Study On the Madagascar-centered Tribe DanaideaeÅsa Krüger, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Birgitta Bremer

14.30 Coffee

15.00 Searching For the Phylogenetic Positions of the Enigmatic Glionnetia, Jackiopsis, and Trailliaedoxa in the Coffee Family

Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Kent Kainulainen, Khoon M. Wong, Kathy Beaver, Birgitta Bremer

15.30 A Cladistic Analysis of the Genus Didymaea Hook. f. (Rubiaceae) Using Morphological Characters

Jaime Pacheco-Trejo, Helga Ochoterena

Monday September 6th

Programme ─ Monday September 6th

V International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference

11

Programme ─ Monday September 6th


16.00 Tracking the Diversification of the Indomalesian Region: Phylogenetic Relationships in the Species-rich Genus Hoya (Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae)

Livia Wanntorp, Alexandra N. Muellner

16.30 Evidence of Rapid Diversification in Metastelmatinae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)

Uiara C. S. Silva, Alessandro Rapini, Sigrid Liede-Schumann, Cássio van den Berg

18.00 Reception at "Spökslottet", Drottninggatan 116, Stockholm

Monday September 6th

12

Progress in phylogeny III (Chair: Lena Struwe)

9.00 Taxonomic Problems in the Rubiaceae: What Have We Learned From Molecular Phylogenies?

Elmar Robbrecht, Petra De Block, Steven Dessein

9.30 Implications of a Molecular Phylogeny of the Malagasy-Mascarene Genus Bremeria (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae, Mussaendeae)

Sylvie Andriambololonera, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Cindy Fraiser, Birgitta Bremer

10.00 Coffee

10.30 Systematics and Biogeography of the Large Pantropical Tabernae-montaneae-Vinceae-Willughbeieae Clade (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioidae)

André O. Simões, Camila A. A. Ferraz, Daiana D. Costa, Rosemeri Morokawa, Luiza S. Kinoshita, Mary E. Endress, Elena Conti

11.00 Phylogeny of Asian-pacific Shrubby Hedyotis L. (Spermacoceae) and Preliminary Evaluations of Biogeographic Patterns, Insular Woodiness, and Fruit Evolution

Suman Neupane, Timothy J. Motley

11.30 New Technologies For Molecular Phylogenies and Classification. How Extending Coffea Studies Can Facilitate Advances in Rubiaceae Knowledge?

Perla Hamon, Sélastique Akaffou, Claudine Campa, Emmanuel Couturon, Christine Dubreuil, Romain Guyot, Valérie Poncet, Jean-Jacques Rakotomalala, Arsène Rakotondravao, Norosoa Razafinarivo, Serge Hamon, Alexandre de Kochko

12.00 Lunch

Tuesday September 7th

Programme ─ Tuesday September 7th


13

Tuesday September 7th

Character Evolution (Chair: Mary E. Endress)

13.30 Corolla Slits in the Subfamily RubioideaeInge Groeninckx, Alex Vrijdaghs, Erik Smets

14.00 Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses and Morphological Character Evolution of the Condamineeae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae)

Kent Kainulainen, Claes Persson, Torsten Eriksson, Birgitta Bremer

14.30 Coffee

15.00 Is the Lineolate Venation Homologous in Rubiaceae?Dorismilda Martínez-Cabrera, Teresa Terrazas, Helga Ochoterena

15.30 The Evolution of Heterostyly and Fleshy Fruits in the Spermacoceae Alliance (Rubiaceae)

Victoria Ferrero, Danny Rojas, Angel Vale, Luis Navarro

16.00 Bacterial Leaf Endosymbiosis in South African RubiaceaeBrecht Verstraete, Benny Lemaire, Erik Smets, Steven Dessein

16.30 Leaf Anatomical Characterization of the Genus Malanea Aubl. (Guettardeae: Rubiaceae)

Alix Amaya-Worm, María B. Raymundez, Pedro Torrecilla

Programme ─ Tuesday September 7th


14

Wednesday September 8th

Programme ─ Wednesday September 8th


Biogeography I (Chair: Birgitta Bremer)

9.00 Keynote lecture: Historical Biogeography Methods: From Event-based Parsimony to Statistical Inference

Fredrik Ronquist

10.00 Coffee

10.30 Divergence Time Uncertainty and Historical Biogeography Reconstruction – an Example From Urophylleae (Rubiaceae)

Jenny E. E. Smedmark, Torsten Eriksson, Birgitta Bremer

11.00 Historical Biogeography of the Coffee Family (Rubiaceae, Gentianales) in Madagascar: Case Studies From the Tribes Knoxieae, Naucleeae, Paederieae and Vanguerieae

Niklas Wikström, Mariano Avino, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison, Birgitta Bremer

11.30 Spermacoceae On Madagascar: Origin, Evolution and Morphological Diversity

Inge Groeninckx, Petra De Block, Elmar Robbrecht, Erik Smets, Steven Dessein

12.00 Lunch

Biogeography II (Chair: Aaron Davis)

13.30 Keynote lecture: Tracking Evolutionary Clades Across the Space-time-environmental Continuum, With an Example From Neotropical Gentianaceae

Lena Struwe, Einar Heiberg, Scott Haag, Richard G. Lathrop, Peter E. Smouse

14.30 Coffee

15

Wednesday September 8th

Programme ─ Wednesday September 8th


15.00 The Biogeographical Origin of Cinchonoideae s. str. (Rubiaceae)Ulrika Manns, Birgitta Bremer

15.30 Distribution and Biodiversity of Rubiaceae in the States of Goiás and Tocantins and the Federal District, Central Brazil

João H. B. Miatelo, Piero G. Delprete, Paulo De Marco Jr.

16.00 Phylogeny of Kadua: Origins, Biogeography, and Phylogenetic Dating Kenneth L. Parker, Timothy J. Motley

16.30 Predictive Modelling and Ecological Niche Modelling For Coffea Aaron P. Davis, H. Batchelor, Susana Baena, Justin Moat

19.00 Conference dinner in the Old Orangerie in the Bergius Botanic Garden

16

Thursday September 9th

Programme ─ Thursday September 9th and Friday September 10th


Biodiversity, taxonomy and species richness I (Chair: Elmar Robbrecht)

10.00 New Caledonian Psychotria (Rubiaceae): Origin, Diversification, and Implications For Delimitations Within Psychotrieae

Laure Barrabé, Arnaud Mouly, Aaron P. Davis, Jacques Florence, Jérôme Munzinger, Laurent Maggia

10.30 The Genus Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae) in West and Central Africa Olivier Lachenaud

11.00 The Genus Carapichea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) Charlotte M. Taylor

11.30 List of Rubiaceae in BrazilMaria R. V. Barbosa, Daniela Zappi, Charlotte M. Taylor, Elsa L. Cabral,

Jomar G. Jardim, Maria S. Pereira, Maria F. Calió, Maria C. R. Pessoa, Roberto Salas, Elnatan B. Souza, Fernando R. Di Maio, Leila Macias, Elisete A. Anunciação, Pedro Germano Filho

12.00 Lunch

Biodiversity, taxonomy and species richness II (Chair: Charlotte Taylor)

13.30 The Rubiaceae of Madagascar: Progress and Prospects Franck Rakotonasolo, Aaron P. Davis, Petra De Block, Sylvain G.

Razafimandimbison, Birgitta Bremer, Steven Dessein, Inge Groeninckx

14.00 New Insights and Continuing Clarification of the Rothmannia ComplexJoan T. Pereira, Ah L. Lim, Khoon M. Wong

14.30 Coffee

15.00 The Genus Malanea Aubl. (Guettardeae: Rubiaceae) in the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana)

Alix Amaya-Worm, Piero G. Delprete

17

Thursday September 9th

Programme ─ Thursday September 9th and Friday September 10th


15.30 Neomartensia (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae): Género Nuevo De MexicoAttila Borhidi, Lucio Lozada-Pérez

16.00 Tribal Affiliations of the Philippine Endemic Greeniopsis Merr. and Villaria Rolfe (Rubiaceae)

Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro, Ulrich Meve, Arnaud Mouly, Mike Thiv, Sigrid Liede-Schumann

16.30 Progress in the Revision of the Central and West African Vanguerieae With a Molecular Study of Cuviera and Vangueriella

Steven Dessein, Brecht Verstraete, Bonaventure Sonké, Olivier Lachenaud

17.00 Closing remarks

Friday September 10th

09.00 Visit to Uppsala and the Linnaeus summer house, garden and home

A bus will take us from the Academy on Friday morning at 9.00 am. At the Linnaeus´ Hammarby Dr. Karin Martinsson will guide us in the building and we will also have a possibility to stroll around in the park, where we will have our lunch. Later we will go to the centre of Uppsala to see the Linnaeus´ botanical garden which is arranged according to his sexual system. The bus will leave Uppsala 15.00 and hopefully we will be back to the Academy 16.00 pm (in case anyone needs to be back earlier there are regular trains every 30 minutes to Stockholm)

19

ABSTRACTSABSTRACTS

The abstracts are arranged in alphabetical order on the first author's last name. The name of the presenting author is printed in bold face.

Keynote speakers for the conference are:

Fredrik Ronquist

Historical Biogeography Methods: From Event-based Parsimony to Statistical Inference

Lena Struwe

Tracking Evolutionary Clades Across the Space-time-environmental Continuum, With an Example From Neotropical Gentianaceae

Charlotte M. Taylor

Rubiaceae Systematics and Morphological Characters: An Emerging New Understanding

AbstractsV International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference

Ora

l

20

Tribal Affiliations of the Philippine Endemic Greeniopsis Merr. and Villaria Rolfe (Rubiaceae)

Grecebio J. D. Alejandro1,2, Ulrich Meve2, Arnaud Mouly3, Mike Thiv4, Sigrid Liede-Schumann2

(1) College of Science and Research Center for the Natural Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Boulevard, 1015 Manila, Philippines; (2) Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany; (3) Université de Franche-Comté – CNRS UMR 6249 Chrono-environement, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 16 Route de Gray F-25030 Besançon cedex, France; (4) Botany Department, Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany.

Greeniopsis Merr. and Villaria Rolfe are poorly known endemic genera of the Philippine Rubiaceae. Previously, no molecular data have been available for both genera, so their taxonomic positions have remained controversial. Based on morphology, Greeniopsis was tentatively included in the tribe Aleisanthieae along with the Southeast Asian genera Aleisanthia and Aleisanthiopsis sensu Mouly & al. (2009), while Villaria in the tribe Octotropideae sensu Robbrecht (1993). To determine the tribal positions of the two genera with more certitude and evaluate their monophyly, sequences of the rps16 and trnT-F region of cpDNA of seven Greeniopsis and five Villaria species were newly generated and analysed together with previously published sequences for other genera. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses of the combined plastid dataset and morphology of the two genera will be presented.

Ora

lAbstracts


21

The Genus Malanea (Guettardeae: Rubiaceae) in the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana)

Alix Amaya-Worm1, Piero G. Delprete2

(1) Universidad Central de Venezuela, Gerencia de Investigación y Desarrollo, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Zona Postal 1053 Caracas-Venezuela; (2) Herbier de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Boite, Postale 165, 97323 Cayenne Cédex, Guyane Française, France.

This work is part of the taxonomic revision of the genus Malanea in the Neotropics. According to a preliminary revision, Malanea comprises about 33 species ranging from Belize, through southern Brazil. It is distinguished from other Rubiaceae genera by having a climbing, voluble or erect shrubby habit, valvate aestivation, corolla internally pubescent, white, yellow or orange, 4-lobed, fleshy fruits with one to three pyrenes, and one seed per pyrene. Malanea species have been differentiated based primarily on the density and distribution of vestiture on vegetative organs, and the present work aims to clarify and define Malanea species by re-evaluating the taxonomic value of vestiture of vegetative organs and by investigating additional morphological characters. The methodology adopted is based on morphological analyses of specimens from 14 herbaria. The results indicate that nine species of Malanea are present in the Guianas (M. ciliolata, M. cruzii, M. gabrielensis, M. hypoleuca, M. macrophylla, M. martiana, M. obovata, M. tafelbergensis, M. sarmentosa), and that three of them are restricted to the Guianas. Distribution maps and a key to species are provided, as well as descriptions of the species and full synonymy, including information about ecology and phenology.


Ora

l

22

Leaf Anatomical Characterization of the Genus Malanea Aubl. (Guettardeae: Rubiaceae)

Alix Amaya-Worm1, María B. Raymundez2, Pedro Torrecilla3

(1) Universidad Central de Venezuela, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela (VEN), Caracas Venezuela; (2) Universidad Central de Venezuela, Instituto de Biología Experimental, Caracas Venezuela; (3) Universidad Central de Venezuela, Facultad de Agronomía, Maracay Venezuela.

Leaf anatomical information of fifteen species of Malanea was investigated to understand which features are important for taxonomic delimitations. The methodology consisted of semi-permanent anatomical slides of cross sections from blade and petiole samples, the sections were obtained from previously re-hydrated herbarium material, cut by hand, stained with toluidine blue and mounted in 50% aqueous glycerol, samples were examined under polarized light. The most outstanding anatomical features of the genus are: scattered druses in the mesophyll, quadrangular crystals immersed in the lumen of unicellular hairs, sclerenchymatous cells through the mesophyll. The shape transections of the petioles varies from dorsiventrally flattened to subcircular, with abaxial surface convex and U-shaped bundles in the petiole, the perivascular tissue may be composed of either sclerenchyma or collenchyma, or both. The anatomy of the leaf midrib, proved to be informative at the species level.

Ora

lAbstracts


23

Implications of a Molecular Phylogeny of the Malagasy-Mascarene Genus Bremeria (Rubiaceae, Ixoroideae, Mussaendeae)

Sylvie Andriambololonera1, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison2, Cindy Fraiser1, Birgitta Bremer2

(1) Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Program, Antananarivo, Madagascar; (2) The Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.

The Malagasy-Mascarene genus Bremeria Razafim. & Alejandro, belonging to the tribe Mussaendeae in the subfamily Ixoroideae (Rubiaceae), was established by Alejandro et al. (2005) in order to accommodate all endemic Malagasy and Mascarene species of the genus Mussaenda, which were shown to be more closely related to the Malagasy genus Landiopsis than to the Afro-Asian Mussaenda (= Mussaenda sensu stricto). We perform a first molecular phylogenetic study of Bremeria based on combined trnH-psbA/nrETS/nrITS data. The main objectives of the study are: 1) to test the monophyly of Bremeria including for the first time the type species from the Mascarenes; 2) assess the evolutionary relationships within the genus; 3) and assess the biogeographic origin of Bremeria. The results of this study will be presented and discussed.


Ora

l

24

List of Rubiaceae in Brazil

Maria R. V. Barbosa1, Daniela Zappi2, Charlotte M. Taylor3, Elsa L. Cabral4, Jomar G. Jardim5, Maria S. Pereira6, Maria F. Calió7, Maria C. R. Pessoa1, Roberto Salas4, Elnatan B. Souza8, Fernando R. Di Maio9, Leila Macias10, Elisete A. Anunciação11, Pedro Germano Filho12

(1) Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil; (2) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England; (3) Missouri Botanical Garden, USA; (4) Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Argentina; (5) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; (6) Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Brazil; (7) Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; (8) Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú, Brazil; (9) Universidade Estácio de Sá, Brazil; (10) Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil; (11) Instituto de Botânica, São Paulo, Brazil; (12) Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

In 2009, a great collective effort, coordinated by the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, was started to develop a list of all known species of the Brazilian flora. The first step consisted of developing a database and data entry system for the checklist. Then, published regional checklists and personal or institutional databases were integrated into the system. After that, more than 400 taxonomic specialists were invited to contribute. Over the Internet, they could access the database and review the existing list and add new data or correct those already in the system. A total of 40,989 accepted species are recognized for the Brazilian flora. Rubiaceae is one of the richest families in the flora. We recognized 1,347 species (with 43 subspecies and 62 varieties) in 118 genera. Of these Rubiaceae species. ca. 51% are endemic to Brazil. Only 26% of the genera have more than 10 species, of which the most diverse are Psychotria (19.6% of all species), Faramea (7.8%), Rudgea (4.8%), Borreria (4.7%), Coussarea (4.1%), Palicourea (4%), Chomelia (2.7%), Galianthe (2.6%), Ixora (2.2%) and Declieuxia (2%). Rubiaceae species occur in all geographic regions and biomes, particularly in the moist forests of the Amazonian and Atlantic Coastal Forest biomes.

Ora

lAbstracts


25

New Caledonian Psychotria (Rubiaceae): Origin, Diversification, and Implications For Delimitations Within Psychotrieae

Laure Barrabé1, Arnaud Mouly2, Aaron P. Davis3, Jacques Florence4, Jérôme Munzinger1, Laurent Maggia5

(1) IRD, UMR AMAP, Laboratoire de Botanique et d´Écologie Végétale appliquées, Herbarium NOU, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia; (2) Université de Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, 16 route de Gray, 25030 Besançon, France; (3) Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom; (4) Département Systématique et Évolution (UMR 7205), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle CP 39, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris CEDEX 05, France; (5) Institut Agronomique Calédonien (IAC), axe 2, Plateforme du Vivant, Centre IRD, BPA5, 98848 Nouméa, New Caledonia.

The flora of New Caledonia is famous for its diversity and endemism. Psychotria (Rubiaceae) is there, with c. 90 endemic species, the second most diverse genus. Interestingly, more than a half of these species grow on ultramafic soils, which provides a platform for investigating diversification in this archipelago of the Pacific Ocean. As currently recognized Psychotria in New Caledonia is polyphyletic, including species belonging to the pantropical tribes Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae (i.e. Margaritopsis). In addition, one of them possibly belongs to Cremocarpon (Psychotrieae), currently considered endemic to Madagascar and Comoros. The objectives of our study are to: 1) elucidate the origin and diversification of New Caledonian ‘Psychotria’ lineages; 2) understand more generally the relationships of the Pacific Psychotrieae, including an evaluation of the extent of Margaritopsis and Cremocarpon; 3) provide further data for a more precise delimitation of Psychotrieae; and 4) use the data to understand the possible role of ultramafic soils in the diversification of New Caledonian Psychotria. First phylogenetic analysis using plastid markers, with a sampling of c. 70 species, show that species are resolved in several clades of both Psychotrieae and Palicoureeae. Our data suggest that in New Caledonian Psychotria, adaptation to ultramafic soils has occurred several times.


Ora

l

26

Neomartensia (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae): Género Nuevo De Mexico

Attila Borhidi1, Lucio Lozada-Pérez2

(1) Department of Plant Systematics and Geobotany, University of Pécs, Hungary; (2) Laboratorio de Plantas Vasculares, Facultad de Ciencias, U.N.A.M. México, Cp 04510 México D. F.

The new genus Neomartensia is based on Declieuxia galeotti M. Martens described in 1844 and whose taxonomic position has been doubtful up to now. Kirkbride excluded it from Declieuxia in 1978 and it was transferred into four different genera: into Manettia by Standley (1927), into Hedyotis by Terrell and Lorence (1989), into Bouvardia by Borhidi in Schaedis (2008), and into Mexotis by Terrell and Robinson (2009). The new genus is related to Bouvardia subgen. Bouvardiastrum (Schltdl.) Blackwell – belonging to Spermacoceae instead of Hedyotideae – with oblate loculicidal capsule and subcircular to ellipsoid compressed seeds with narrow wing, but differs in having small white flowers with funnelform corollas, corolla tube mostly naked at the base inside and with long haired villous throat and corolla lobes inside. The description of Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence (1994) and the discovery of further three species (Borhidi et al. 2008) with the same character combination of the floral features convinced the authors of this study to separate this species-group of five members at generic level, dedicating it to the honour of M. Martens, the author of the first described species of the new genus.

Post

erAbstracts


27

A Taxonomic Revision of Chapelieria (Octotropideae, Rubiaceae)

Nina Davies1 Aaron P. Davis1

(1) Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.

A poster detailing work towards a taxonomic revision of Chapelieria (Octotropideae), a genus endemic to Madagascar. Details of new species are given, and characters for the delimitation of Chapelieria and other indigenous Madagascan Octotropideae are discussed.


Ora

l

28

Predictive Modelling and Ecological Niche Modelling for Coffea

Aaron P. Davis1, H. Batchelor1, Susana Baena1, Justin Moat1

(1) Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, United Kingdom.

Error-corrected georeference data from herbarium specimens are used to provide real and predictive distribution models for the African Coffea (Coffeeae), with a particular emphasis on C. arabica, using Maxent. Future distributions, based on climate change models for East Africa are presented for C. arabica and selected taxa. The East African Coffea clade, as based on molecular data, is analysed using Spatial Evolutionary and Ecological Vicariance Analysis (SEEVA). The potential of species modelling for conservation assessment and planning is discussed.

Ora

lAbstracts


29

Progress in the Revision of the Central and West African Vanguerieae With a Molecular Study of Cuviera and Vangueriella

Steven Dessein1, Brecht Verstraete2, Bonaventure Sonké3, Olivier Lachenaud4

(1) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium; (2) Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K. U. Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; (3) Laboratoire de botanique systématique et d´écologie, Université de Yaoundé I, Cameroun; (4) Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.

The tribe Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) forms a natural assemblage distributed in Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, the Pacific and Australia. The tribe is easily characterized by a combination of characters, i.e. axillary inflorescences, valvate corolla aestivation, ovaries with solitary pendulous ovules, and a special type of pollen presenter. Generic delimitations, however, are problematic. Recent molecular studies are partially in conflict with morphological classifications that classified the c. 600 Vanguerieae species in 27 genera. Consequently many species cannot be placed confidently without molecular evidence. Furthermore, many species remain to be described, especially from Madagascar and Asia, but also from Central and West Africa. The present contribution highlights our progression in the revision of the Central and West African species of the genera Cuviera, Fadogia, Rytigynia and Vangueriella. To test the monophyly and systematic position of Cuviera and Vangueriella, a molecular phylogenetic study has been performed based on rpl16 and trnT-F sequence data.

Post

erAbstracts


30

Anthraquinones From the Roots of Prismatomeris connata and Their Cytotoxic Activity

Shi-Xiu Feng1, Jing Hao1, Tao Chen2

(1) Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510650, China; (2) Shenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 160 Xianhu Road, Liantang, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518004, China.

In order to find more bioactive anthraquinones from Prismatomeris, the 95% EtOH extract of the roots of P. connata Y. Z. Ruan was fractionated with petroleum ether, EtOAc, and n-BuOH. The petroleum ether-soluble and n-BuOH fractions were subjected to repeated column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, followed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and recrystallization, to afford fifteen known anthraquinones and six known anthraquinone glycosides, 1-hydroxy-2,3-dimethoxy-7-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (1), 1,2-dihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (2), lucidin ω-ethyl ether (3), lucidin ω-methyl ether (4), 1,3-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone (5), 3-hydroxy-1,5,6-trimethoxy-2- methy-9,10-anthraquinone (6), 3-hydroxy-1-methoxy-2-methy-9,10-anthraquinone (7), 1,3-dihydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (8), 2-methylanthraquinone (9), 2-methoxyanthraquinone (10), 1-methoxy-2-methylanthraquinone (11), 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyanthraquinone (12), 7-methylanthragallol-1,2,3-trime ether (13), 1,3-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-2-methoxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (14), 6-methoxylucidin ω-methyl ether (15), rubiadin 3-primerveroside (16), rubiadin-1-methylether-3-O-β-primeveroside (17), lucidin 3-O-β-primerveroside (3) (18), lucidine-ω-methyleter 3-O-β-primerveroside (19), damnacanthol 3-primeveroside (20), digiferruginol-11-O-β-primeveroside (21). The structures of compounds were determined on the basis of 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectroscopic data. All the anthraquinones were evaluated by MTT method for their cytotoxic activity, and compound 1-8, 11, 14 were found to be potent against two human lung cancer cell lines (A549, LAC) with IC50 ranging from 9.61-60.34 μmol/L. In conclusion, the present study provided chemical evidence for the medicinal use of this plant. Furthermore, the bioactive anthraquinones could be lead compounds for anti-lung-tumor drugs.

Ora

lAbstracts


31

The Evolution of Heterostyly and Fleshy Fruits in the Spermacoceae Alliance (Rubiaceae)

Victoria Ferrero1, Danny Rojas1, Angel Vale1, Luis Navarro1

(1) Department of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, As Lagoas-Marcosende 36200 Vigo, Spain.

The angiosperm family of plants Rubiaceae (in particular the Spermacoceae Alliance) presents a wide diversity of adaptations in breeding systems. We analyse the evolution of two types of mutualistic interactions that are very common in the family, one related to pollination (heterostyly) and the other related to fruit-dispersion (presence of fleshy fruits). Mutualisms have several times been described to occur more commonly in tropical forests and they are supposed to require environmental stability. In fact, both fleshy fruits and heterostyly have been described as more common in tropical than temperate families. Our questions are: 1) are these characters ancestral or derived in the Spermacoceae alliance? 2) which character is more labile? 3) do these particular mutualistic interactions occur more commonly in tropical rather than temperate areas? To answer these questions, we have reconstructed the evolutionary pathways of both characters and studied the biogeographical pattern of Spermacoceae. Our results show: 1) that heterostyly and the presence of fleshy fruits are ancestral states in the group and have been lost several times; 2) that presence of fleshy fruits appears to be more labile than heterostyly; 3) that there is no apparent influence of the geographical distribution in the gain/loss of these characters in the Spermacoceae alliance.


Ora

l

32

Spermacoceae On Madagascar: Origin, Evolution and Morphological Diversity

Inge Groeninckx1, Petra De Block2, Elmar Robbrecht2, Erik Smets1,3, Steven Dessein2

(1) Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (2) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium; (3) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

Spermacoceae is the largest herbaceous lineage of the family Rubiaceae. In Madagascar, the tribe is represented by about 17 genera and more than 35 species, of which at least six genera and 20 species are endemic to the island. By combining traditional taxonomic tools with morphological, molecular and biogeographical data, we investigated the diversity, evolution and origin of Spermacoceae on Madagascar. A revision led to the description of three new endemic genera (Amphistemon, Phialiphora and Thamnoldenlandia) and 12 new endemic species. These endemic taxa exhibit a striking diversity in habitat and morphology. A molecular phylogenetic study based on plastid DNA supports the hypothesis that the current diversity of Spermacoceae in Madagascar is the result of at least twelve independent colonisation events, most likely long-distance dispersals from the African continent. The endemic taxa are the product of only two colonisation events. A first clade includes the endemic genera Lathraeocarpa and Gomphocalyx, and the Afro-Malagasy genus Phylohydrax. The second clade contains the three new genera and the redefined genus Astiella (including A. delicatula and seven new species). The two Malagasy clades diversified in the Oligocene, and most of the present-day species radiated in the Miocene.

Ora

lAbstracts


33

Corolla Slits in the Subfamily Rubioideae

Inge Groeninckx1, Alex Vrijdaghs1, Erik Smets1,2

(1) Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (2) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

In general, Rubiaceae are characterized by tubular sympetalous corollas. However, some Rubiaceae are exceptional having openings or slits in their corolla tubes. Corolla slits occur within the tribes Knoxieae (Pentas, Sacosperma), Morindeae (Caelospermum), Mussaendeae (Heinsia, Mussaenda, Pseudomussaenda), Paederieae (Paederia) and Spermacoceae (Pentodon), which suggests that slits appeared several times during the evolution of Rubiaceae. Preliminary results of a floral ontogenetic homology assessment of corolla slits in the subfamily Rubioideae demonstrate that corolla slits originate more or less in a similar way in Paederia, Pentodon and Sacosperma. In contrast to most other Rubiaceae, the corolla tubes in these three genera are not formed by elongation of a ring primordium but by elongation and postgenitally fusion of the corolla lobes and the stamen filaments. In Sacosperma, the stamen filaments are entirely fused with the corolla lobes. At a later stage, slits become visible at the base of the tube where corolla lobes are initially fused. Our observations suggest that because of the formation of hairs, corolla lobes loosen in this area forming the slits.


Ora

l

34

New Technologies For Molecular Phylogenies and Classification. How Extending Coffea Studies Can Facilitate Advances in Rubiaceae Knowledge?

Perla Hamon1, Sélastique Akaffou2, Claudine Campa1, Emmanuel Couturon1, Christine Dubreuil1, Romain Guyot1, Valérie Poncet1, Jean-Jacques Rakotomalala3, Arsène Rakotondravao3, Norosoa Razafinarivo1, Serge Hamon1, Alexandre de Kochko1

(1) IRD, UMR Diversity and Adaptation of Cultivated Plants, 911 avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France; (2) Department of genetics, University Abobo-Adjamé, Abidjan, Ivory Coast; (3) Department of Agronomic Research, FOFIFA, Antananarivo, Madagascar.

DNA sequencing progress offers wide perspectives for more accurate molecular phylogenies and improved classifications through genomes and/or transcriptomes re-sequencing. To achieve this, a sequenced model genome must be available. Coffee trees can be such a model for the Rubiaceae. Indeed, it has been shown that amplifications of transcribed sequences, using primers designed from coffee sequences, are transferable to other Rubiaceae species, the easiest being with species belonging to the Cinchonoideae sub-family, proving a relative sequence conservation between genera. In addition, numerous PCR-based molecular markers are already available and should help for phylogeny reconstructions and to establish genetic relationships through genetic distance estimations. Moreover, the genome of Coffea canephora is being sequenced by a consortium resulting from the association of two initiatives, an international and a French one. The whole genome shotgun sequencing is performed through new deep sequencing technologies (454 and Illumina). The information thus obtained should permit to draw collaborative sequencing projects, genome and/or transcriptome, for numerous related species. The Rubiaceae scientists should join their efforts to transform dreams into reality.

Ora

lAbstracts


35

Molecular Phylogenetic Analyses and Morphological Character Evolution of the Condamineeae (Ixoroideae, Rubiaceae)

Kent Kainulainen1,2, Claes Persson3, Torsten Eriksson4, Birgitta Bremer1,2

(1) Bergius Foundation. Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden; (2) Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden; (3) Department of Systematic Botany, University of Göteborg, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden; (4) Entomology Department, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden.

In several molecular phylogenetic studies, the tribe Condamineeae has been shown to be associated with genera traditionally placed in a number of different tribes (mainly Calycophylleae, Cinchoneae, Hippotideae, Rondeletieae, and Simireae), as well as with a few genera of more uncertain taxonomy (Bothriospora, Dialypetalanthus and Mastixiodendron). The phylogenetic relationships within this clade have, however, remained largely without resolution. In this study, phylogenetic hypotheses were reconstructed using six cpDNA regions and one nrDNA region in order to further investigate the phylogeny of the Condamineeae. Inferred morphological character evolution indicate that characters previously used in the classification of Rubiaceae, including fruit type (indehiscent vs. dehiscent fruits), dehiscence pattern, corolla lobe aestivation, and presence/absence of seed wing are homoplastic within the Condamineeae. Similarly, the occurrence of protogyny, calycophylls (leaf-like calyx lobes), poricidal anthers, and intrapetiolar stipules also appear to have evolved independently within the different clades of the tribe.


Ora

l

36

A Phylogenetic Study On the Madagascar-centered Tribe Danaideae

Åsa Krüger1,2, Sylvain G Razafimandimbison2, Birgitta Bremer2

(1) Department of Botany, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; (2) Bergius Foundation and Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Sweden.

The Madagascar-centered tribe Danaideae includes three genera: the lianescent Danais, and the arborescent Schismatoclada and Payera. Danaideae belongs to the subfamily Rubioideae, but its phylogenetic placement within the subfamily has been disputed. Previous large-scale analyses of Rubiaceae have so far only included a limited number of species from Danais and Schismatoclada. Therefore the monophyly of the tribe and its genera are yet to be assessed with molecular phylogeny based on a much larger sampling from the three Danaideae genera. The main objective of this study is to reconstruct a robust phylogeny of Danaideae based on combined chloroplast and nuclear data and using Bayesian and parsimony methods. The inferred phylogeny is used: 1) to rigorously test the monophyly of Danaideae and its three genera; 2) to shed light on its position within Rubioideae; and 3) assess the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe.

Ora

lAbstracts


37

The Genus Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae) in West and Central Africa

Olivier Lachenaud1

(1) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, 1860 Meise, Belgium.

The pantropical genus Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae) is very diverse but poorly known in West and Central Africa, the last monograph dating back to the 1960s. Ongoing taxonomic work has identified over 200 species in the region, about 30% of which are new. The African species of Psychotria form three groups according to molecular and morphological data. They range from herbs to trees and climbers, but a vast majority of them are shrubs. Most of them inhabit mature evergreen rainforests, where they are often an important component of the undergrowth. Some species show remarkable adaptations such as bacterial leaf nodule symbiosis, litter collecting and flagelliflory (inflorescences drooping on extremely long peduncles). The center of diversity is in Lower Guinea, particularly Cameroon (130 species) and Gabon (95 species). A regional revision of the genus is currently in preparation.


Ora

l

38

Subfamily Asclepiadoideae: Radiations in the New World

Sigrid Liede-Schumann1

(1) Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany.

With an Old World origin almost certain for Secamonoideae – Asclepiadoideae, New World radiations are of particular interest. Four such radiations have been found, one in Marsdenieae, and three in Asclepiadeae. Three of them have occurred in the Miocene, and in two cases (Cynanchum and Marsdenia) Old World and New World representatives are congeneric. In the third case (Asclepias) preliminary evidence points to the New World species forming a separate genus from the Old World ones. However, none of these radiations comprises more than 100 species. The fourth radiation, in contrast, contains an enormous range of diversity in species (c. 1000 spp. in presently 43 genera), growth forms, and floral features. This radiation (MOOG) comprises four subtribes, Metastelmatinae, Orthosiinae, Oxypetalinae and Gonolobinae, and three genera unassigned to subtribe, Pentacyphus, Diplolepis, and Tassadia. It is yet unclear to which the Old World group MOOG is most closely related, and what its history on the American continent was. Due to extreme convergence both within MOOG and between Old World and New World taxa, genera and species have to be slowly disentangled so that clear genus delimintations and nomenclatural stability will be reached after a long period of uncertainty.

Ora

lAbstracts


39

Phylogeny of the “rest” of Gentianales (Excluding Rubiaceae): What Can We Conclude From Currently Available Data?

Tatyana Livshultz1, Lena Struwe2, Cynthia Frasier3

(1) Botany Department, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103-1101, USA; (2) Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources & Dept. of Plant Science and Pathology, 237 Foran Hall, 59 Dudley Road Cook Campus, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551, USA; (3) Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, Saint Louis, Missouri 63166-0299 USA.

The monophyly of Gentianales and the sister group relationship of Rubiaceae to the other four families (Loganiaceae, Gelsemiaceae, Apocynaceae, Gentianaceae) have been well-supported in recent analyses, but relationships among these other four families have remained unresolved or poorly supported and highly variable among analyses. To date, analyses have sampled but a small fraction of the diversity of these four families, particularly of the largest family, Apocynaceae. We have assembled a large sample of the “rest” of Gentianales: 198 species, including exemplars of all tribes and subfamilies of Loganiaceae, Apocynaceae, and Gentianaceae, and Gelsemiaceae. The outgroup comprises 12 species from Rubiaceae. The data matrix includes rbcL, matK, the 3’ half of the trnK intron, trnL intron, and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer. Parsimony analysis shows high bootstrap (>90%) support for the monophyly of each of the four families, and low support (<60%) for each node of the topology (Loganiaceae, (Apocynaceae, (Gentianaceae, Gelsemiaceae))). These data are also analyzed with maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods for comparison. A fossil-calibrated divergence time dating analysis is conducted with Beast and provides new estimates for age and divergence times for these four families.

Post

erAbstracts


40

The Genus Gaertnera (Rubiaceae, Gaertnereae)

Simon T. Malcomber1, Charlotte M. Taylor2

(1) Department of Biological Sciences, California State University-Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Blvd., Long Beach, CA 90840, USA; (2) Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63116 USA.

The paleotropical genus Gaertnera Lam. comprises 69 described species of shrubs and small trees plus one putative hybrid, and is distributed widely in Africa, Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Sri Lanka, and continental Southeast Asia through Borneo, in humid vegetation from 0-2000 m. Sister is the other member of the tribe, neotropical Pagamea Aubl.; these share tubular stipules; secondarily superior ovaries; fleshy, drupaceous fruits with 2-4 pyrenes; and solitary basal ovules. Gaertnera is distylous from Asia through Sri Lanka but dioecious in Southeast Asia, and molecular data indicate that the dioecious condition is derived. Molecular data also indicate that the most basal species are found in Africa, and that the species of Madagascar result from more than one introduction. Previously G. vaginans (DC.) Merr. was a polymorphic species found throughout the range of the genus, but a revised species concept supported by molecular data here recognizes 12 species each with a consistent breeding system. Gaertnera’s center of species diversity is in Madagascar, where its species are common in moist forests. Since the completion of the most recent revision (Malcomber & Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94: 575-671), at least a dozen undescribed species have been identified among new collections from Madagascar.

Ora

lAbstracts


41

The Biogeographical Origin of Cinchonoideae s. str. (Rubiaceae)

Ulrika Manns1, Birgitta Bremer1

(1) The Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

Species of Rubiaceae are distributed all over the world, although most species occur in subtropical or tropical regions. In difference to the majority of species, with a distribution in the Paleotropics where the family probably originated, species of the subfamily Cinchonoideae s. str. is primarily distributed in the Neotropics. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the ancestral area of Cinchonoideae and to estimate when the subfamily first appeared in the Neotropics. Chloroplast DNA data of 95 Rubiaceae taxa were used in molecular dating analysis and ancestral area reconstruction. The results show that the ancestor of Cinchonoideae seems to have been present in the Neotropics, and that the family may have been represented in the region already during Paleocene, before the divergence of Cinchonoideae and Ixoroideae.


Ora

l

42

Is the Lineolate Venation Homologous in Rubiaceae?

Dorismilda Martínez-Cabrera1, Teresa Terrazas2, Helga Ochoterena2

(1) Instituto Tecnológico de Huejutla Hidalgo, México; (2) Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México.

Lineaolate venation was considered a taxonomic marker, but molecular phylogenies show this character to be homoplasious. Preliminary findings indicated that this venation could be caused by different anatomical features. In order to understand lineolate venation within Rubiaceae and to reassess its taxonomic and phylogenetic value, we describe and compare cleared leaves, transverse and paradermal sections as well as SEM cell macerations within 15 genera. Our results showed that different combinations of anatomical features resulted in a similar lineolate appearance. Members of Hippotideae shared a paxillate pattern given by quaternary veins and long perforate tracheary elements in all vein orders. In Sabiceeae, the pattern was given by parenchyma cells sheathing vascular bundles in all vein orders. Members of Guettardeae had more variation, sharing the occurrence of 1-2-rows of thick-walled fibers towards the adaxial surface. In Plocaniophyllon the pattern resulted from admedial ramified quaternary veins, with fibers sheathing the abaxial portion of the vascular bundles; Timonius had nonvascular fiber bundles towards adaxial surface; and Machaonia had sclereids sheathing vascular bundles. When using typological concepts to study character evolution it may appear that the character is homoplasious, however when it was split, unique combinations can be associated to different lineages.

Ora

lAbstracts


43

Distribution and Biodiversity of Rubiaceae in the States of Goiás and Tocantins and the Federal District, Central Brazil

João H. B. Miatelo1, Piero G. Delprete1,2, Paulo De Marco Jr.1

(1) Departamento de Biologia Geral, ICB, Universidade Federal de Goiás, CP 131, 74001–970, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; (2) Herbier de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD), Boite Postale 165, 97323 Cayenne Cédex, French Guiana, France.

The biodiversity and ecology of the states of Goiás and Tocantins and the Federal District (Brazil) are still imperfectly known, particularly among plant groups. Conservation areas have been established based mostly on diversity of terrestrial animals and birds, and it is therefore important to integrate analyses of plant diversity. This work focuses on the Rubiaceae, one of the most diverse plant families of the Cerrado Biome. It aims to detect areas showing high Rubiaceae diversity and to identify environmental variables that determine species richness for this family using a multiple linear regression analysis. A database with 5549 collections from 51 genera and about 200 species was constructed. Species distribution was studied in square units of 0.5° x 0.5° and of 1° x 1° , and possible bias due to sampling efforts was analyzed by comparing several richness analyses (Chao 1, Jacknife 1 and Rarefaction). The results obtained indicated localities for the establishment of protected areas in the municipalities of Mara Rosa, Laciara, Damianópolis and Caçu in Goiás, and Lageado, Juarina, São Bento do Tocantins and Araguaína in Tocantins. The analyses also showed that altitude is the environmental factor that most influences Rubiaceae species richness in the study area.


Ora

l

44

Phylogeny of Asian-pacific Shrubby Hedyotis L. (Spermacoceae) and Preliminary Evaluations of Biogeographic Patterns, Insular Woodiness, and Fruit Evolution

Suman Neupane1, Timothy J. Motley1

(1) Department of Biological Sciences 110 Mills Godwin Building/45th St Old Dominion University Norfolk, Virginia 23529-0266 USA.

Hedyotis s. lat. is a pantropical genus in the Rubiaceae with a mercurial taxonomic history. Recent molecular studies have revealed a polyphyletic Hedyotis s. lat. and suggest the name Hedyotis to be restricted only to the shrubby and septicidal dehiscing, capsular-fruited species distributed in tropical Asia. The purpose of this study was to further sample members belonging to this clade and test the monophyly of the Asian Hedyotis which is considered “true Hedyotis” (Hedyotis s. str.). Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference were used to analyze ITS and trnL-F sequence data with increased sampling from China and Sri Lanka. The increased sampling in Asia revealed two clades of shrubby Asian Hedyotis species, each with septicidal capsules derived from independent migration events out of Africa. Our hypotheses based on preliminary analyses, suggest a lineage that includes species of Hedyotis with special type of septicidal capsule, termed diplophragmous and distributed in Asia and Micronesia represent one migration event. A second group of septicidal (non-diplophragmous) Hedyotis represent second migration pathway to Asia and is sister to indehiscent Hedyotis species and Hawaiian and Pacific species of Kadua. The evolution of various types of fruit dehiscence and insular woodiness are major morphological adaptations in the genus.

Ora

lAbstracts


45

A Cladistic Analysis of the Genus Didymaea Hook. f. (Rubiaceae) Using Morphological Characters

Jaime Pacheco-Trejo1, Helga Ochoterena2

(1) División de Posgrado, Instituto de Ecología A. C., km 2.5 Antigua Carretera a Coatepec no. 351, Xalapa 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; (2) Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. Postal 70-367, México, D. F. 04510, Mexico.

Didymaea is the only genus within the tribe Rubieae with exclusively neotropical distribution; it is also atypical since it possesses the distinctive Rubiaceae leaf arrangement (opposite and stipulated), in contrast to the verticillated leaves, lacking true stipules, characteristic of the tribe. It is distributed in Mexico and Mesoamerica, and a comprehensive treatment or phylogenetic analysis is lacking. We present a morphological cladistics analysis to test the monophyly of the genus Didymaea, to evaluate the relationships among its species, and to propose hypotheses for the evolution of some taxonomically important characters. We sampled 31 taxa from 10 genera within Rubieae, plus two species of Paederieae and three of Anthospermeae; Theligonum cynocambre (tribe Theligonaceae) was used to orient the tree. This includes by the first time all taxa described under Didymaea: D. alsinoides, D. alsinoides var mollis, D. australis, D. crassifolia, D. floribunda, D. hispidula, D. linearis, D. mexi-cana, D. microflosculosa, D. microphylla, and three potential new species. Fifty-six potentially informative characters were gathered. Our results support the monophyly of Didymaea by a unique combination of characters including the bifid stipules as a synapomorphy. Within the tribe, dydimous fruits appear to have originated twice, while verticillated leaves appear to have originated only once.


Ora

l

46

Phylogeny of Kadua: Origins, Biogeography, and Phylogenetic Dating

Kenneth L. Parker1, Timothy J. Motley1

(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.

Kadua is a genus in the eastern Pacific Ocean that was recently segregated from Hedyotis. The genus is represented by 20 species in Hawaii and 7 species in French Polynesia. Sequence analyses of the ITS and 5S gene regions were used to examine the phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships within the Pacific genus Kadua. Results indicate that (1) there has been a single colonization of the Hawaiian Islands, likely from widespread limestone-dwelling species of Hedyotis from the western Pacific, (2) there has been at least one dispersal event out of Hawaii to Eastern Polynesia, and (3) the present subgeneric and subspecific classifications need further modification. Additionally, a known date in the literature for the divergence of the Spermacoceae alliance was used in conjunction with dates of the Hawaiian Island formations as calibration points to date the phylogeny of Kadua using the software BEAST. Fruit morphology varies greatly in Kadua. In general it appears that fleshy fruits are more adapted to inter-island dispersal within archipelagos and capsule fruits are better adapted for long-distance dispersal among archipelagos.

Ora

lAbstracts


47

Increased Resolution of Generic Relationships Within Chiococceae s. lat Inferred Using Combined nrDNA and cpDNA

Sushil K. Paudyal1, Piero G. Delprete2, Timothy J. Motley1

(1) Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; (2) Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - AMAP, TA-A51/PS2, Blvd de la Lironde, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.

Chiococceae (sensu Manns and Bremer 2010) is a monophyletic tribe in the subfamily Cinchonoideae (Rubiaceae) that includes 29 genera and over 200 species primarily concentrated in the Greater Antilles (over 70% of the taxa), but also occurring in the western Pacific (three genera) with no members occurring on the expansive Pacific plate. Although molecular phylogenies have now established monophyly of this group, several genera (Bikkia, Catesbaea, Chiococca, Exostema, and Solenandra) within the tribe have been shown to be poly- or paraphyletic as presently treated. Phylogenetic sampling has now been expanded to include an additional 31 species and the yet unplaced genera Ceuthocarpus. This increased sampling was primarily in the large genera Catesbaea, Phialanthus, Schmidtottia, and Scolosanthus which were poorly sampled in previous studies. Molecular sequence data obtained using two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and two chloroplast (trnL-F and petD) markers were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference to evaluate the inter-generic and intra-generic relationships among over 90 species from 26 genera within Chiococceae s. lat. The results have revealed three well supported major clades in the tribe, show clearly that there are two long-distance migration events to the western Pacific, and have clarified the polyphyletic Exostema-complex.


Ora

l

48

New Insights and Continuing Clarification of the Rothmannia Complex

Joan T. Pereira1, Ah L. Lim2, Khoon M. Wong3

(1) Forest Research Centre, P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, Malalysia; (2) Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (3) Singapore Botanic Garden, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569.

Recent work has examined morphological variation throughout the main parts of the Rothmannia complex, including the type and associated alliances from Africa and Asian provenances. Although, generally, no clear morphological distinctions can form major subdivisions, there are indications that macromorphological, palynological, and lower leaf surface micromorphological characters could provide interesting distinctions among some groups. Preliminary comparison of the chloroplast trnQ-rps16 intergenic spacer region in an analysis demonstrated the basic distinction between the African type group and other Asian lineages. A fuller experimental design is underway to clarify Rothmannia sensu stricto and distinguish the relationship with other groups in the complex.

Post

erAbstracts


49

Phenology, Pollination and Dispersal of Rubiaceae Species of the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil

Zelma G. M. Quirino1, Maria R. V. Barbosa1

(1) Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Brazil.

Rubiaceae is one of the most important families in many tropical vegetation formations and in the Brazilian flora. Information about the reproductive biology of Rubiaceae species is still scarce even though the family has the majority of known distyly species of flowering plants. This review aims to summarize the present knowledge of the reproductive ecology of Rubiaceae species found in the Atlantic Coastal Forest of Northeastern Brazil. Data about flowering, pollination and seed dispersal of the species were collected both in literature and in the field. Variations in the reproductive period (flowering and fruiting) among species and among different habitats were observed. Most species presents pale flowers and fleshy fruits visited by several animal species, pollinators and seed dispersers. Rubiaceae flowers are visited by different groups of pollinators especially bees, hummingbirds and moths. Birds are the major seed dispersers. Studies with this focus can contribute to a better understanding of the interactions and distribution of Rubiaceae species and their associated fauna in the region.


Ora

l

50

The Rubiaceae of Madagascar: Progress and Prospects

Franck Rakotonasolo1, Aaron P. Davis2, Petra De Block3, Sylvain G. Raza-fimandimbison4, Birgitta Bremer4, Steven Dessein5, Inge Groeninckx5

(1) Madagascar Office, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Lot II J 131 B, Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, 101 Antananarivo, Madagascar; (2) The Herbarium, Library, Art & Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, UK; (3) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium; (4) Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (5) Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, P.O. Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium.

In Madagascar, Rubiaceae is the most species-rich family of woody plants and the second largest family after Orchidaceae, accounting for 7-9% of the total flowering plant diversity. There are c. 570 species currently described but the final number is likely to be closer to 800, or even higher. Species-level endemism is c. 95%. In this contribution we describe the systematic changes that have occurred since 2003, and in particular we will focus on new generic delimitations brought about by molecular work in combination with morphological studies and intense fieldwork. Progress in taxonomy and description of new species is measured and compared with the effort and resources necessary to satisfactorily enumerate the diversity of the family in Madagascar. Broader topics, such as regional endemism and conservation, are discussed in light of our increased understanding of Malagasy Rubiaceae. A selection of new species discoveries is profiled.

Ora

lAbstracts


51

Searching For the Phylogenetic Positions of the Enigmatic Glionnetia, Jackiopsis, and Trailliaedoxa in the Coffee Family

Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison1, Kent Kainulainen1,2, Khoon M. Wong3, Kathy Beaver4, Birgitta Bremer1

(1) Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (2) Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden; (3) Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569; (4) PO Box 122, Victoria, Mahé, Seychelles.

Jackiopsis from Southeast Asia, Trailliaedoxa from China, and Glionnetia from the Seychelles are three morphologically peculiar, monotypic genera previously not included in any molecular phylogenetic study. Jackiopsis, presently classified in the monogeneric tribe Jackieae, has been associated with the three subfamilies of Rubiaceae. Glionnetia, one of the two endemic Seychellean genera of Rubiaceae, has always been placed in the tribe Rondeletieae in the subfamily Cinchonoideae, while no tribal or subfamilial classification has been suggested for Trailliaedoxa. A rbcL-molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 120 taxa sampled across Rubiaceae was perfomed to assess the subfamilial positions of these three enigmatic genera. Once their subfamilial positions were determined, we narrowed our sampling to include only Glionnetia, Jackiopsis, and Trailliaedoxa and their more closely related genera, and subsequently conducted Maximum parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on combined ndhF/rbcL/rps16/trnT-F sequence data to pinpoint their tribal placements. Inferred phylogenetic hypotheses are presented and discussed.

Post

erAbstracts


52

Rubiaceae in the Tropical Montane Rain Forest From La Chinantla, Oaxaca, Mexico

Armando Rincón-Gutiérrez1, Helga Ochoterena1 (1) Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México A. Postal 70-367 Mexico DF 04510.

An important characteristic of the Tropical Montane Rain Forest (TMRF) is the high species richness that they host. Rubiaceae is among the angiosperm families with highest diversity in the TMRF of Mexico. At the same time, the TMRF from La Chinantla is distinguished by its great extension and pristine conservation stage. To know and understand such a diverse habitat requires efficient methodologies for the systematization of the available information from herbaria, data bases, etc. By using electronic tools to codify species characters (WinClada), it was possible to produce electronic keys and species descriptions for the ca. 90 Rubiaceae spp. present in the TMRF from La Chinantla. The most diverse genera in the region are Psychotria (30 species) and Arachnothryx (15). The remaining species belong to the following genera (in decreasing order): Deppea, Hoffmannia, Crusea, Palicourea, Randia, Coccocypselum, Faramea, Alibertia, Didymaea, Diodia, Hamelia, Nertera, Notopleura, Posoqueria, Sabiacea, Simira and Sommera. We conclude that the use of electronic tools facilitates the generation of floristic treatments, which can contribute to design strategies for sustainable use and conservation of the natural resources. This is particularly urgent in places such as La Chinantla that have a global recognition for its biological diversity and fragility.

Ora

lAbstracts


53

Taxonomic Problems in the Rubiaceae: What Have We Learned From Molecular Phylogenies?

Elmar Robbrecht1, Petra De Block1, Steven Dessein1

(1) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Meise, Belgium.

The first molecular phylogenetic investigation of the Rubiaceae was published in 1991 by Bremer & Jansen. Bremer’s research group became the leading team for phylogenetic reconstruction of the family. Together with a number of other research groups, more than 60 molecular contributions with a bearing on the phylogeny of the family were produced. Furthermore, two attempts towards a global synthesis were made: a supertree construction in 2006, and a time tree with a broad sampling covering most of the tribes in 2009. As a result, a plausible phylogenetic hypothesis is available for most of the taxa for which the relationship was disputed in the past. This lecture gives examples of such taxonomic problems from family to species level: the definition and number of subfamilies, the position of odd genera such as Colletoecema, Mitchella, Faramea, and generic delimitation problems. It comments on molecular results with regard to these and examines which lessons can be learned for future research, and which evolutionary scenario can at present be postulated for the family.


Ora

l

54

Historical Biogeography Methods: From Event-based Parsimony to Statistical Inference

Fredrik Ronquist1

(1) Swedish Museum of Natural History, Dep. of Entomology, Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden

The introduction of phylogenetic inference methods in the 60's resulted in a renewed interest in analytical historical biogeograhy, using phylogenies as raw data. Early attempts to quantify phylogeny-based biogeography were heavily inspired by parsimony but there was some confusion with respect to the exact quantity to be minimized. The introduction of event-based parsimony methods helped clarify this and paved the way for the development of statistical approaches. Today, the focus in method development is on Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood. Popular event-based parsimony approaches, such as Fitch optimization of ancestral areas and Dispersal Vicariance Analysis, now have sophisticated Bayesian counterparts, which can analyze patterns across many groups, accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty and dating information among a multitude of other factors. I will review this development of historical biogeography methods from the 60's and onwards, focusing on the more recent statistical approaches.

Ora

lAbstracts


55

Evidence of Rapid Diversification in Metastelmatinae (Asclepiadoideae, Apocynaceae)

Uiara C. S. Silva1, Alessandro Rapini1, Sigrid Liede-Schumann2, Cássio van den Berg1

(1) Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil; (2) Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany.

Metastelmatinae (Apocynaceae) includes 13 neotropical genera and about 260 species whose phylogenetic relationships are poorly known. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the phylogeny of Metastelmatinae based on molecular data. More than 70 species of the subtribe were sequenced for plastidial regions (trnT-F, trnS-G, rps16, matK, psbA-trnH, and trnE-Y ) and the nuclear ribosomal ITS. Parsimony analyses and Bayesian inferences based on either plastidial or nuclear data did not resolve basal relationships in the subtribe. On the other hand, internal results were highly incongruent between these two sources of data; only two of the nine principal clades that emerged in the analysis with plastidial data were recovered with the ITS. Topological information in the Bayesian majority rule trees produced with the plastidial data and ITS were summarized in a SuperTree with 18 supported, 23 equivocal, and 15 incongruent clades. The basal polytomy and the incongruence between results from different data sources are evidences of a rapid basal diversification in the Metastelmatinae lineage. Despite the difficulties to resolve relationships in the subtribe, some patterns emerged and allowed preliminary realignments in the circumscription of Minaria, Macroditassa, and Hemipogon.


Ora

l

56

Systematics and Biogeography of the Large Pantropical Tabernae-montaneae-Vinceae-Willughbeieae Clade (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioidae)

André O. Simões1 Camila A. A. Ferraz1, Daiana D. Costa1, Rosemeri Morokawa2, Luiza S. Kinoshita2, Mary E. Endress3, Elena Conti3

(1) Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades, Universidade de São Paulo (EACH/USP), Brazil; (2) Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Brazil; (3) Institut für Systematische Botanik, Universität Zürich, Switzerland.

Tabernaemontaneae, Vinceae and Willughbeieae comprise 42 genera and about 300 species broadly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Within Apocynaceae, these tribes are of particular interest for systematic and evolutionary studies due to their close relationships and broad geographic ranges. More than 600 sequences from 178 species from the three tribes were integrated in a phylogenetic analysis to evaluate relationships at the tribal and generic level and test biogeographic hypotheses. The monophyly of the Tabernaemontaneae-Vinceae-Willughbeieae clade and of each individual tribe is strongly supported, even though relationships among them remain uncertain. Tabernaemontana and Rauvolfia, the two largest genera, were shown to be paraphyletic and monophyletic, respectively. Our sampling within Willughbeieae is small, but preliminary results suggest that the speciose, pantropical genus Landolphia is non-monophyletic, with the neotropical Pacouria nested among its species. An overall correspondence between clade composition and geographic areas suggests simultaneous events of basal splits into paleotropical and neotropical lineages in all three tribes and subsequent splits within both of these main areas. Some intriguing results from our analyses, such as the position of Pacouria, suggest a more complex biogeographic history than previously expected.

Ora

lAbstracts


57

Divergence Time Uncertainty and Historical Biogeography Recon-struction – an Example From Urophylleae (Rubiaceae)

Jenny E. E. Smedmark1, Torsten Eriksson1, Birgitta Bremer1

(1) The Bergius Foundation at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden

When hypotheses of historical biogeography are evaluated, age estimates of individual nodes in a phylogeny often have a direct impact on what explanation is concluded to be most likely. Confidence intervals of estimated divergence times obtained in molecular dating analyses are usually very large, but the uncertainty is rarely incorporated in biogeographical analyses. The aim of this study is to use the group Urophylleae, which has a disjunct pantropical distribution, to explore how the uncertainty in estimated divergence times affect conclusions in biogeographical analysis. Two hypotheses are evaluated: (1) long-distance dispersal from Africa to Asia and the Neotropics, or (2) a continuous distribution in the Boreotropics, probably involving migration across the North Atlantic Land Bridge, followed by isolation in equatorial refugia. When these two hypotheses were compared using the maximum likelihood tree with mean estimates of divergence times, boreotropical migration was indicated to be much more likely than long-distance dispersal. Analyses of a large Bayesian sample of dated phylogenies did, however, show that this result was not consistent. This study shows that results from biogeographical analyses based on single phylogenetic trees can be misleading, and that it may be very important to take the uncertainty in age estimates into account.

Post

erAbstracts


58

Phylogenetic Study On Genus and Species Level of the Deppea Complex (Hamelieae Section)

Szilvia Stranczinger1, Anikó Galambos1, Attila Borhidi1

(1) Institute of Biology, University of Pécs, Hungary.

Generic demarcations in the Deppea complex (Rubiaceae, Hamelieae) are inferred from phylogenies based on chloroplast trnL-F region and the nuclear internal transcribed spacers (ITS) sequence data. Based on the previous micromorphological studies (Borhidi et al., 2004) four genera were separated: Deppea s. str., Bellizinca, Csapodya and Edithea. The subdivision of the Deppea complex into the genera above is not supported phylogenetically, but Deppea has been found to be polyphyletic. Deppea tubeana, D. foliosa and D. hernandesii are closely related within Omiltemia complex and should be modifying from Deppea. Support is found for the separation of Omiltemia, Hamelia, Renistipula and Hoffmannia from Deppea. The results of the earlier morphology and molecular data are incongruent, and therefore additional investigations are needed to clear up this problem.

Ora

lAbstracts


59

Tracking Evolutionary Clades Across the Space-time-environmental Continuum, with an Example from Neotropical Gentianaceae

Lena Struwe1, Einar Heiberg2, Scott Haag3, Richard G. Lathrop3, Peter E. Smouse1

(1) Rutgers University, Ecology, Evolution, & Natural Resources, 14 College Farm Rd, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA; (2) Lund University, Department of Clinical Physiology, Lund, SE-221 85 , Sweden; (3) Rutgers University, Center for Remote Sensing & Spatial Analysis, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.

Methodological improvements in the Spatial Evolutionary and Ecological Vicariance Analysis (SEEVA) further advance elucidation of historical and ecological vicariance of evolutionary lineages in any organismal group and any geographic area. SEEVA provides a multi-source, direct analysis method for correlating field collections, phylogenetic hypotheses, species distributions, and georeferenced environmental data, as well as other sources of biotic and abiotic data. A newly developed divergence index (D) measures the difference in variable distribution between sister groups, independent of sample-size, and is comparable across clades, variables and datasets. Dispersal-vicariance analysis (DIVA), currently used primarily in biogeographic analysis, is incorporated into SEEVA for evaluation of ecological niche shifts due to broadening or narrowing of existing niches, or adaptation to new niches, as well as niche conservatism and ancestral niche analysis. We illustrate with a small SEEVA analysis of Prepusa and Senaea (Gentianaceae) from southern and southeastern Brazil, investigating disjunct species from campo rupestre and campo de altitude habitats. The spatial analysis shows fragmentation and speciation from a widespread common ancestor, but with a rather narrow ancestral ecological niche, showing subsequent adaptive radiation of different clades for wetter vs. drier, colder vs. warmer, and divergent soil types.


Ora

l

60

Rubiaceae Systematics and Morphological Characters: An Emerging New Understanding

Charlotte M. Taylor1

(1) Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis MO 63166, USA.

Morphological characters have long been used as a basis for classification in Rubiaceae, and have been interpreted in the framework of the currently accepted systematic classifications. Even before molecular sequence data were available, it was evident that there is extensive homoplasy and parallel derivation of numerous morphological characters in Rubiaceae. Several very distinct classifications have been presented based on different morphological characters. Molecular sequence data now provide additional information about character evolution in the family, and indicate that some vegetative characters are more informative than previously thought while other characters, both vegetative and reproductive, are more homoplasious than previously thought. Several examples are presented, including characters that have been used to characterize genera, tribes, and subfamilies.

Ora

lAbstracts


61

The Genus Carapichea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae)

Charlotte M. Taylor1

(1) Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA.

The pantropical, species-rich genus Psychotria L. was long circumscribed within its tribe based mainly on its small white corollas, and lack of features that characterized other genera. Our understanding of Psychotria is complicated by studies mostly restricted to the continental level. Small white insect-pollinated flowers are however generally ancestral in the Psychotrieae, and the basal assemblage that has been included in Psychotria s. lat. is being reevaluated with molecular data and new morphological characters. Several genera have recently been separated from Psychotria s. lat. based on molecular data, including the neotropical Carapichea Aubl. However morphological characterization of Carapichea has been difficult. It is here circumscribed as a genus of about two dozen species of shrubs and small trees with interpetiolar marcescent stipules of various forms; generally gray or brown drying color; a lack of alkaloids; terminal inflorescences with sessile flowers arranged in groups or heads; and fleshy fruits of various colors. The center of species diversity is in northeastern South America, and this together with the morphological variation suggests that Carapichea may be a relatively older group. Some species of Southeast Asia are similar and may be conspecific; this distribution pattern is also known in some other Rubiaceae.

Post

erAbstracts


62

Rubiaceae Juss. in the “tropical Field Station Los Tuxtlas, Ibunam”

Alejandro Torres-Montúfar1, Helga Ochoterena1

(1) Instituto de Biología, UNAM, APdo. Postal 70-367, México DF, CP 04510, Mexico.

Los Tuxtlas, a region South of Veracruz state, received the status of Biosphere Reserve due to the high animal and vegetal diversity that houses. Because of its biological importance, the Institute of Biology of the National University of Mexico (IBUNAM) created in 1967 the “Tropical Field Station Los Tuxtlas” (TFSLT), which favors research and conservation of the area. The TFSLT is located at 95° 04´ – 95° 09´ longitude West and 18° 34´ – 18° 36´ latitude North, with a total surface of 644 hectares. It comprises an altitudinal range from 150 up to 700 meters above sea level. The Rubiaceae family is well represented in the TFSLT, where a preliminary floristic list, published in 1987, places it as the four most diverse Angiosperm family, with 37 species and 19 genera. The objectives of this work are to update the floristic list of Rubiaceae within the TFSLT; to curate the herbaria that contain most of the collections for the area (MEXU and MEXU-Los Tuxtlas); to further collect within the area; and to produce an Electronic identification key as well as a floristic treatment of Rubiaceae for the TFSLT. Currently, our Rubiaceae list includes 60 species belonging to 23 genera.

Ora

lAbstracts


63

Tracking the Diversification of the Indomalesian Region: Phylogenetic Relationships in the Species-rich Genus Hoya (Marsdenieae, Apocynaceae)

Livia Wanntorp1, Alexandra N. Muellner2

(1) Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; (2) Biodiversity & Climate Research Centre (BiK-F) and Goethe University, Department of Systematics, Evolution and Climate Change, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.

The origin of the Indomalesian biotas, abundant endemism, and biogeographic barriers have long intrigued biologists. Despite the importance of these barriers, some groups of organisms are widespread in the area, crossing Wallace’s line, and these may serve as important tools for testing hypotheses on the origin and structure of biodiversity in the area. While there exist several studies on diversity and speciation in animal groups, few studies based on robust phylogenetic trees, addressing plant speciation and diversity patterns have been published, greatly hampering the understanding of the diversification processes within this area. Taxonomic groups, which are species-rich across the area, are ideal model organisms for testing scenarios derived from the geological history of the area. Thanks to its Indomalesian distribution covering five of the currently recognised World Biodiversity Hotspots, Hoya (Apocynaceae), fulfils the prerequisites for serving as a model plant group for disentangling plant diversification in the Indomalesian region. We here present an update on the phylogeny of Hoya based on nuclear and chloroplast gene regions and discuss how the phylogenetic hypothesis will be used in combination with geological and paleoclimatic hypotheses in biogeographic analyses that aim to track the diversification of the Indomalesian rain forests.


Ora

l

64

Bacterial Leaf Endosymbiosis in South African Rubiaceae

Brecht Verstraete1, Benny Lemaire1, Erik Smets1,2, Steven Dessein3

(1) Laboratory of Plant Systematics, K. U. Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, PO Box 2437, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (2) National Herbarium of the Netherlands, Leiden University Branch, PO Box 9514, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; (3) National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, BE-1860 Meise, Belgium.

Bacterial leaf symbiosis, characterised by formation of leaf nodules in which bacteria are housed, is a rare and intimate interaction between plants and bacteria. The phenomenon has been reported in the monocot family Dioscoreaceae and in two eudicot families, Myrsinaceae and Rubiaceae. This last family has the largest number of species with bacterial nodules, found in three, distantly related genera, Pavetta, Psychotria and Sericanthe. The bacterial endosymbionts of these plants have been identified as members of the genus Burkholderia. Leaves of certain Fadogia and Vangueria species from South Africa have been shown to host bacterial symbionts in cavities between leaf mesophyl cells and don’t have nodules. It has been hypothesized that this type of leaf endosymbiosis is a precursor to the more specialized type where leaf nodules are formed. Interesting is that some of the South African plants of the genera Fadogia, Pavetta and Vangueria are known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after digestion. The fact that these gousiekte inducing plants have endosymbiotic bacteria in their leaves has never been investigated. In the present contribution, the preliminary results of the identification of the endosymbionts in South African Rubiaceae are shown.

Ora

lAbstracts


65

Historical Biogeography of the Coffee Family (Rubiaceae, Gentianales) in Madagascar: Case Studies From the Tribes Knoxieae, Naucleeae, Paederieae and Vanguerieae

Niklas Wikström1, Mariano Avino1,2, Sylvain G. Razafimandimbison1, Birgitta Bremer1

(1) Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Department of Botany, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden; (2) Department of Biological Sciences, B 609 Biological Sciences Building, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta. T6G 2E9 Canada.

In Madagascar the family Rubiaceae includes an estimated 650 species representing 95 genera. As many as 98% of the species and 30% of the genera are endemic. Several factors make the Rubiaceae a candidate model system for developing an understanding of the origins of the Malagasy flora. As a first step towards this goal, ancestral area distributions are here explicitly reconstructed for four tribes (Knoxieae, Naucleeae, Paederieae and Vanguerieae) with the aim of understanding how many times, and from where, these groups have originated in Madagascar. The analyses show that the four tribes have arrived several times in Madagascar via dispersal events from Eastern Tropical Africa, Southern Africa and Tropical Asia. The presence of monophyletic groups that include a number of species only found in Madagascar indicates that much endemism in the tribes results from speciation events occurring well after their arrival in Madagascar. The analyses also show that Madagascar is the source of origin for almost all Rubiaceae found on the neighbouring islands of the Comoros, Mascarenes and Seychelles.

67

PARTICIPANTSPARTICIPANTS

ParticipantsV International Rubiaceae and Gentianales Conference

68

Alejandro, Grecebio J. D.University of Santo Tomas, Dep. of Biological Sciences, College of Science. España Blvd., 1008 Manila, [email protected]

Amaya-Worm, AlixUniversidad Central de Venezuela, Gerencia de Investigación y Desarrollo, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela. Zona Postal 1053 [email protected]

Andreasen, KatarinaUppsala University, Dep. of Systematic Biology, EBC. Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, [email protected]

Barbosa, Maria R. V.Federal University of Paraiba, Dep. of Systematics and Ecology. Caixa Postal 5065, Cidade Universitaria, 58051-900 Joao Pessoa, [email protected]

Barrabé, LaureUniversité de Nouvelle-Calédonie, IRD Laboratoire de Botanique. 101 promenade R. Laroque, BP A5, 98848 Nouméa, New [email protected]

Borhidi, AttilaPTE University of Pécs, Dep. of Systematic and Ecological Botany. Szántó K. J. u. 1/B, 7633 Pécs, [email protected]

Bremer, BirgittaBergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Chen, TaoShenzhen Fairy Lake Botanical Garden, Department of Scientific Research. 160 Xianhu Road, Liantang, Luohu District, 518004 Shenzhen, [email protected]

Davies, NinaRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew, HLAA, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. TW9 3AB Richmond, Surrey, United [email protected]


69

Davis, Aaron P.Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, HLAA, The Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. TW9 3AB Richmond, Surrey, United [email protected]

De Block, PetraNational Botanic Garden of Belgium, Dep. of Spermatophytes-Pteridophytes. Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, [email protected]

De Kochko, AlexandreIRD, DIAPC, BP 64501. 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, [email protected]

Delprete, Piero G.IRD, Herbier de Guyane. Boite Postale 165, 97323 Cayenne, French Guiana, [email protected]

Dessein, StevenNational Botanic Garden of Belgium. Domein van Bouchout, 1860 Meise, [email protected]

Endress, Mary E. University of Zurich, Department of Systematic Botany. Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, [email protected]

Ferrero, VictoriaUniversity of Vigo, Dep. Of Plant Biology and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Biology. Lagoas Marcosende S/N, 36310 Vigo, [email protected]

Groeninckx, IngeKatholieke Universiteit Leuven, Dep. of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Systematics. Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001 Heverlee, [email protected]

Gustafsson, ClaesUniversity of Gothenburg, Herbarium GB. Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, [email protected]

Hamon, PerlaResearch Institute for Development (IRD), Living resources Department. 911 av Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, [email protected]


70

Kainulainen, KentStockholm University, Dep. of Botany. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Khodabandeh, AnbarBergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Kirkbride, Joseph H. Jr.USDA, ARS, U.S. National Arboretum. 3501 New York Avenue NE, 20002-1958 Washington, DC, [email protected]

Krüger, ÅsaStockholm University, Dep. of Botany. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Lachenaud, OlivierUniversité Libre de Bruxelles, Service Evolution, Biologie et Ecologie. CP 160/12, 50 Avenue F. Roosevelt, 1050 Bruxelles, [email protected]

Liede-Schumann, SigridUniversity of Bayreuth, Dep. of Plant Systematics. Universitätsstr. 30, 95440 Bayreuth, [email protected]

Livshultz, TatyanaAcademy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, Dep. of Botany. 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parway, Philadelphia, PA, 19103-1101 Philadelphia, [email protected]

Manns, UlrikaBergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Martinez-Cabrera, DorismildaInstituto Tecnológico de Huelutla. Hidalgo, [email protected]

Motley, Timothy J.Old Dominion University, Dep. of Biological Sciences. 110 Mills Godwin Bldg, 45th St., Biological Sciences, 23529 Norfolk VA, [email protected]


71

Nyitray, GergelyPTE University of Pécs, Dep. of Systematic and Ecological Botany. Szántó K. J. u. 1/B, 7633 Pécs, [email protected]

Ochoterena, HelgaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Biología, APdo. Postal 70-367, México DF, CP 04510, [email protected]

Parker, Kenneth L.Old Dominion University, Dep. of Biological Sciences. 4008 Middleburg Lane, 23321 Chesapeake, [email protected]

Pereira, Joan T.Forest Research Centre. P.O. Box 1407, 90715 Sandakan, Sabah, [email protected]

Pereira, Maria S.Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Dep. Centro de Formação de Professores/UACEN. Rua Sérgio Moreira de Figueiredo, Casas Populares, 58900-000 Cajazeiras – PB, [email protected]

Persson, ClaesUniversity of Gothenburg, Dep. of Plant and Environmental Sciences. Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, [email protected]

Rakotonasalo, FranckMadagascar Office, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Lot II J 131 B, Ambodivoanjo, Ivandry, 101 Antananarivo, [email protected] or [email protected]

Rapini, AlessandroUniversidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Bahia, [email protected]

Razafimandimbison, Sylvain G.Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]


72

Robbrecht, ElmarNational Botanic Garden of Belgium, Dep. of Spermatophytes-Pteridophytes. Domein van Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, [email protected]

Rodrigues Pessoa, Maria C.Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Herbário JPB. Caixa Postal 5065, Cidade Universitária, 58051970 João Pessoa - PB, [email protected]

Ronquist, FredrikSwedish Museum of Natural History, Dep. of Entomology. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, [email protected]

Rova, Johan H. E. Baskarp Hagaberg. SE-566 92 Habo, [email protected]

Simões, André O.University of São Paulo, Dep. of Botany. R. Arlindo Bettio 1000, 03828-000 São Paulo, [email protected]

Smedmark, Jenny E. E.Bergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

Smets, ErikLeiden University, Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity. Einsteinweg 2, 2333CC Leiden, The [email protected]

Stranczinger, SzilviaPTE University of Pécs, Dep. of Systematic and Ecological Botany. Szántó K. J. u. 1/B, 7633 Pécs, [email protected]

Struwe, LenaRutgers University, Dep. of Ecology, Evolution, & Natural Resources. 59 Dudley Road, 237 Foran Hall, NJ 08901 New Brunswick, [email protected]


73

Taylor, Charlotte M.Missouri Botanical Garden. P.O. Box 299, St. Louis MO 63166, [email protected]

Verstraete, BrechtK. U. Leuven, Dep. of Biology. Kasteelpark Arenberg 31 Box 2437, 3001 Heverlee, [email protected]

Wanntorp, LiviaThe Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Phanerogamic Botany. P. O. Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, [email protected]

Wikström, NiklasBergius Foundation, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and Botany Department, Stockholm University. SE-10691 Stockholm, [email protected]

the fifth international rubiaceae and gentianales conference

Documents