the female reproductive tract information taken from the ims 8405 animal science curriculum and...
TRANSCRIPT
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The Female Reproductive Tract
Information taken from the IMS 8405 Animal Science Curriculum and
website from OK State.
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Objectives
• Students will discover parts of all male livestock animals.
• Students will learn vocabulary relating to male reproduction
• Students will learn the functions of all the parts of male livestock.
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Introduction
• Animal repro is a complex but interesting topic
• It requires a basic knowledge of reproductive anatomy and physiology
• Reproduction is the process of producing offspring for the purpose of continuing a species.
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Purpose
1. To produce eggs or ova to be fertilized to from the embryo.
2. Serves as a receptacle for the penis during copulation and houses and nourishes the fetus until parturition.
3. Produce female hormones
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The Tract
• The tract is made up of several organs and muscles, each having a specific function.
• The next couple of slides.
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The Tract
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The Tract
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Tract Types
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Bovine Repro Tract
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The Ovaries
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The Ovaries
• They are supported in place, along with the rest of the tract, in the abdominal cavity by the broad ligaments
• The arteries, veins, and nerves of the ovaries are located in these ligaments as well.
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Inside the Ovary
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Ovary Functions
• There are two ovaries which function to produce eggs or ova.
• The ovaries also produce estrogen and progesterone.
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Ovary Hormones
• Progesterone = hormone produced by the corpus luteum on an ovary during pregnancy which keeps estrus from occurring and causes the mammary system to develop.
• Estrogen = the female hormone produced by the developing follicle on an ovary to regulate heat period and cause male receptiveness by the female at the time of ovulation
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Video Review
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/video/cowanat1.mov
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Ovulation Video Clip
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/video/ovulation-and-egg-transport.wmv
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/video/OVUL.MOV
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Infudibulums• Just below the ovaries, are two funnel-
like openings called the infundibulums, which pick up the eggs at ovulation.
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Oviducts
• Once the ova is in the infundibulum, the travel through the fallopian tubes (oviducts).
• 1. Oviduct is the site of fertilization
• 2. Oviduct transports the egg on into the uterine horn.
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Oviducts
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Uterus
• In the uterine horn, the embryo usually attaches, received nourishment, and develops until parturition.
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Uterine Horn
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Uterine body
• Place where the horns join.
• Layers:– Outer = perimetrium– Middle = myometrium– Inner = endometrium
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Swine Tract
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Uterus Functions
1. Transports sperm
2. Muscle contractions and expelling of young
3. Absorption and phagocytosis
4. Support development of fetus
5. Makes the Corpus Luteum regress
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Cervix
• The “Main Gate” controlled by hormones.• Thick-walled mass of concentric muscles with a
small tube-like opening which joins the uterus and the vagina
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Cervix
• Functions1. Barrier to sperm to stop polyspermy
2. Reservoir for sperm
3. Block bacterial infection during pregnancy
4. Gate of birth canal
5. Glands that secrete waxy-like substance that which seals off the uterus during pregnancy
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BovineCervix
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Equine Cervix
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Porcine Cervix
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Porcine Cervix
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Vagina
1. Receptacle for the penis during copulation
2. Passage way for the body to expel liquid waste.
3. The urethra joins the bladder to the vagina.
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Vulva
• The external portion of the female repro tract
• Serves to protect the internal system from infection.
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Clitoris
• Just inside the vulva
• Sensory erectile organ
• “wink”
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Review
• http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/video/cowanat2.mov
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Egg Factory!
• The following slides will talk about egg production!
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O O O
• Oogenesis - Process of egg creation
• Oogonia – cells in a fetus that turn into ovaries
• Oocytes – matured oogonia
• There are thousand oocytes at the time of birth, but only a small proportion of these develop into ova or reach ovulation.
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Steps in the process
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Terms of Process
• When the follicle ruptures, a blood clotted area is formed
• This is called a corpus hemorrhagicum and last two or three days.
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Terms of Process
• The C.H. area begins to fill with a mass of yellow cells called the corpus luteum.
• Its cells have the primary purpose of producing the second female sex hormone progesterone.
• Progesterone prepares the female repro anatomy for pregnancy and last approx. twelve days, unless the egg is fertilized, and then the C.L. stays until parturition.
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Terms of Process
• A degenerating C.L. becomes covered by connective tissue called corpus albicans.
• Its function is to remove the yellow cells of the C.L. and return the ovary to its normal shape.
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Estrous Cycle
• Is the process of oogenesis – the period of time from the beginning of one heat period(estrus) to the beginning of the next.
• A cow or mare normally produces one ovum per cycle. An ewe produces two and a sow eight to fifteen.
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Time
• Differs from one species of livestock to another: cattle is from 18 to 25 days = avg 21 days.
The End!All pictures taken from:http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/course/3443/study/index.htm