the features of highly effective forms [smashingconf nyc 2016]
TRANSCRIPT
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THE FEATURES OF H I G H LY E F F E C T I V E
FORMSAaron Gustafson @AaronGustafson slideshare.net/AaronGustafson
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IConsider the conversation
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Make every field fight for its place in
your forms.
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Perc
enta
ge o
f Use
rs C
onve
rted
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Number of Fields1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
http://is.gd/field_count_conversion
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MICHAEL AAGAARD, UNBOUNCE
I finally convinced the client to let me remove three form fields. I wanted to
remove more, but I could only get away with removing three. But that’s still one
third of the form fields – a lot less friction.
The result? 14% drop in conversion.
http://is.gd/fewer_fields_fewer_conversions
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Prepare for pushback.
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IIChoose yourwords carefully
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HATE SPEECHHARASSMENT
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How does this photo make you feel?
� Embarrassing � Upsetting � Saddening � Bad Photo � Other
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How does this photo make you feel?
� Embarrassing � Upsetting � Saddening � Bad Photo ◉ Other it’s embarrassing
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Please describe the photo
� It’s embarrassing � It’s a bad photo of me � It makes me sad
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Talk to your users like they talk
to one another.
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Ask higher value questions.
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Make it clear users need to respond
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“What’s your first name?”
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“Without your first name, I won’tknow how to address you.
Could you please provide it?”
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“Reserve your spot”
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IIIMake goodmarkup choices
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Label every field
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Who you gonna call? <input name=“calling”>
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<label>Who you gonna call?</label> <input name=“calling”>
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<label for=“calling”>Who you gonna call?</label> <input id=“calling” name=“calling”>
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<label> Who you gonna call? <input name=“calling”> </label>
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<label for=“calling”> Who you gonna call? <input id=“calling” name=“calling”> </label>
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<label for=“calling”>Who you gonna call?</label> <input id=“calling” name=“calling”>
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Use real buttons
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Sign In
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<input type=“submit” value=“Sign In”>
Sign In
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<button type=“submit”>Sign In</button>
Sign In
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<a href=“#” class=“button”>Sign In</a>
Sign In
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<div class=“button”>Sign In</div>
Sign InSign In
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<input type=“submit” value=“Sign In”>
Sign In
Appearance Seen As Focusable Activates Submits Forms
Button Button Yes Yes Yes
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<button type=“submit”>Sign In</button>
Sign In
Appearance Seen As Focusable Activates Submits Forms
Button Button Yes Yes Yes
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<a href=“#” class=“button” role=“button”>Sign In</a>
Sign In
Appearance Seen As Focusable Activates Submits Forms
Inline Text Link Yes Kinda No
JS dependency
<
JS dependency<
ARIA dependency
<CSS dependency<
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<div class=“button” role=“button” tabindex=“0”>Sign In</div>
Sign InSign In
Appearance Seen As Focusable Activates Submits Forms
Block Text Generic No No No
JS dependency
<
JS dependency<
ARIA dependency
<CSS dependency< HTML dependency<
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<button type=“submit”>Sign In</button>
Sign In
Appearance Seen As Focusable Activates Submits Forms
Button Button Yes Yes Yes
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Use the rightfield type
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“calling”>Who you gonna call?</label> <input type=“text” id=“calling” name=“calling”>
Free Response
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“calling”>Who you gonna call?</label> <input id=“calling” name=“calling”>
Free Response (is the default)
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“email”>What’s Your Business Email Address?</label> <input type=“email” id=“email” name=“email”>
Free Response: Email
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field Maybe Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“email”>What’s Your Business Email Address?</label> <input type=“email” id=“email” name=“email”>
Free Response: Email
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field Maybe Maybe
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Browsers ignore what they don’t
understand
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Progressive Enhancement
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“url”>What’s Your Website’s URL?</label> <input type=“url” id=“url” name=“url”>
Free Response: URL
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field Maybe Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“url”>What’s Your Website’s URL?</label> <input type=“url” id=“url” name=“url”>
Free Response: URL
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field Maybe Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“time_at_job”>How Many Years Have You Been in Your Current Position?</label> <input type=“number” id=“time_at_job” name=“time_at_job”>
Free Response: Number
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field+ Maybe Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“time_at_job”>How Many Years Have You Been in Your Current Position?</label> <input type=“number” id=“time_at_job” name=“time_at_job”>
Free Response: Number
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field+ Maybe Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Choose One
Please describe the photo
� It’s embarrassing � It’s a bad photo of me � It makes me sad
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Please describe the photo <label> <input type=“radio” name=“reason” value=“embarrassing”> It’s embarrassing </label> <label> <input type=“radio” name=“reason” value=“bad photo”> It’s a bad photo of me </label> <label> <input type=“radio” name=“reason” value=“saddening”> It makes me sad </label>
Choose One
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“reason”>Please describe the photo</label> <select id=“reason” name=“reason”> <option value=“embarrassing”>It’s embarrassing</option> <option value=“bad photo”>It’s a bad photo of me</option> <option value=“saddening”>It makes me sad</option> </select>
Choose One
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“reason”>Please describe the photo</label> <select id=“reason” name=“reason”> <option>It’s embarrassing</option> <option>It’s a bad photo of me</option> <option>It makes me sad</option> </select>
Choose One
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Radio controls can outperform select
dropdowns byas much as 15%
http://is.gd/radio_vs_dropdown
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“volume">How Loud is Spinal Tap?</label> <input type=“range" id=“volume" name=“volume” min=“0” max=“11” step=“1” >
Choose One: Number
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Slider (Maybe) Maybe No
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“volume">How Loud is Spinal Tap?</label> <input type=“range" id=“volume" name=“volume” min=“0” max=“11” step=“1” >
Choose One: Number
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Slider Maybe No
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Choose One or More
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Gaming Systems (4 available) <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“DS Lite”> Nintendo DS Lite </label> <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“Wii”> Nintendo Wii </label> <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“Vita”> PlayStation Vita </label>
Choose One or More
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“gaming”>Gaming Systems (4 available)</label> <select id=“gaming” name=“reserve[]” multiple> <option value=“DS Lite”>Nintendo DS Lite</option> <option value=“Wii”>Nintendo Wii</option> <option value=“Vita”>PlayStation Vita</option> <option value=“360”>Xbox 360</option> </select>
Choose One or More
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“gaming”>Gaming Systems (4 available)</label> <select id=“gaming” name=“reserve[]” multiple> <option value=“DS Lite”>Nintendo DS Lite</option> <option value=“Wii”>Nintendo Wii</option> <option value=“Vita”>PlayStation Vita</option> <option value=“360”>Xbox 360</option> </select>
Choose One or More
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Gaming Systems (4 available) <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“DS Lite”> Nintendo DS Lite </label> <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“Wii”> Nintendo Wii </label> <label> <input type=“checkbox” name=“reserve[]” value=“Vita”> PlayStation Vita </label>
Choose One or More
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Don’t introduce unnecessary complexity.
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Phone Number:
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“tel”>What’s Your Business Phone Number?</label> <input type=“tel” id=“tel” name=“business_phone”>
Free Response: Telephone
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field No Maybe
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“tel”>What’s Your Business Phone Number?</label> <input type=“tel” id=“tel” name=“business_phone”>
Free Response: Telephone
Appearance Native Validation Custom Keyboard
Text Field No Maybe
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We should work harderso our users don’t have to.
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“flight”>What flight are you looking for?</label> <input id="flight" name=“flight” pattern=“DL\d{2,}” placeholder=“e.g. DL5407” >
Structured Data: Custom
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IVLay out fieldswith purpose
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Field & Label Layouts
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Field & Label Layouts
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Field & Label Layouts
Label
Label
Label
Label
Label
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing � Upsetting � Saddening � Bad Photo � Other
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<fieldset class=“grouped radios”> … <label> <input type=“radio” name=“reason” value=“embarrassing”> It’s embarrassing </label> … </fieldset>
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
.confirmation label,
.radios label,
.checkboxes label { margin: -1em 0; padding: 1em 0; }
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
.confirmation label,
.radios label,
.checkboxes label { margin: -1em 0; padding: 1em 0; }
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
.confirmation label,
.radios label,
.checkboxes label { margin: -1em 0; padding: 1em 0; }
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
.confirmation label,
.radios label,
.checkboxes label { margin: -1em 0; padding: 1em 0; }
Checkboxes & Radio Controls
� Embarrassing
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Don’t fall into the custom control trap.
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on
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VHelps users avoid (and fix) errors
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Let users know when a field is required.
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<p>Fields marked with a * are <strong id=“required">required</strong>.</p>
…
<label for=“first_name”>What’s Your First Name? <b role=“presentation” class=“required”>*</b> </label> <input id="first_name" name=“first_name" required aria-required=“true" >
Required Fields
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<p><strong>All of the fields are required.</strong></p>
…
<label for=“first_name”>What’s Your First Name?</label> <input id="first_name" name=“first_name" required aria-required=“true" >
Required Fields
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<p><strong>All of the fields are required.</strong></p>
…
<label for=“first_name”>What’s Your First Name?</label> <input id="first_name" name=“first_name" required aria-required=“true" >
Required Fields
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Provide useful hints as to the type of response you’re
expecting.
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“pattern”>Enter three numbers followed by two letters</label> <input id="pattern" name=“pattern” pattern=“\d{3}[a-zA-Z]{2}” placeholder=“e.g. 123ab” >
Suggesting a response
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(The placeholder is nota substitute for a label.)
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Validatein the browser.
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LUKE WROBLEWSKI
Our participants were faster, more successful, less error-prone, and more
satisfied when they used the forms with inline validation.
http://is.gd/inline_form_validation
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LUKE WROBLEWSKI
22% increase in success rates 22% decrease in errors made
31% increase in satisfaction rating 42% decrease in completion times
47% decrease in the number of eye fixations
http://is.gd/inline_form_validation
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“first_name”>What’s Your First Name?</label> <input id="first_name" name=“first_name" required aria-required=“true" >
Indicate Required Fields
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“email”>What’s Your Business Email Address?</label> <input type=“email” id=“email” name=“email”>
Use Native Validation
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“flight”>What flight are you looking for?</label> <input id="flight" name=“flight” pattern=“DL\d{2,}” placeholder=“e.g. DL5407” >
Use Custom Validation Schema
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“email”>Your Email Address</label> <input id="email" type="email" name=“email" required aria-required=“true” aria-invalid=“true” aria-describedby=“email-error" > <strong id="email-error" class=“validation-error-message"> Your email address is required</strong>
Provide Inline Error Messages
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Validateon the server.
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<input type=“hidden” name=“price” value=“399.99”>
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<input type=“hidden” name=“price” value=“1”>
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Never trustthe client.
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Summarizeserver-side errors.
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<div role=“alert”> <p>There were errors with your form submission:</p> <ol> <li><a href="#message">Message</a> is a required field</li> <li><a href="#name">Name</a> is a required field</li> <li><a href="#email">Email</a> is a required field</li> </ol> </div>
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<label for=“email”>Your Email Address</label> <input id="email" type="email" name=“email" required aria-required=“true” aria-invalid=“true” aria-describedby=“email-error" > <strong id="email-error" class=“validation-error-message"> Your email address is required</strong>
Provide Inline Error Messages
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
<li class="text validation-error"> <!-- field with an error --> </li>
Provide Visual Feedback of Errors
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
li.validation-error { color: #922026; } li.validation-error input, li.validation-error select, li.validation-error textarea { border-color: #922026; }
Provide Visual Feedback of Errors
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
.validation-error label::before { content: “x "; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; speak: none; /* The future! */ }
Provide Visual Feedback of Errors
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
The Features of Highly Effective Forms๏Consider the conversation ๏Choose your words carefully ๏Make good markup choices ๏Lay out fields with purpose ๏Help users avoid (and fix) errors
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THE FEATURES OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE FORMS
Further Reading๏ “Web Form Design” by Luke Wroblewski (Rosenfeld Media) ๏ “An Extensive Guide To Web Form Usability” by Justin Mifsud
https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/11/extensive-guide-web-form-usability/ ๏ “Optimizing forms for greater conversions” by Maya Nix
http://blog.usabilla.com/optimizing-forms-greater-conversions/ ๏ “The Definitive Guide to Form Label Positioning” by Jessica Enders
http://www.sitepoint.com/definitive-guide-form-label-positioning/
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Thank you!
@AaronGustafson aaron-gustafson.com
slideshare.net/AaronGustafson
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Questions?
Tweet me at@AaronGustafson