the fall of rome - edl · 2019-11-19 · 1. feudalism: system of service between a lord and the...
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The Fall of RomePax Romana: 200 year period of peace and progress in Roman Empire before the fall
Social Problems(Famine and Disease spread
throughout the Empire)
Weak Roman Government(Dishonest gov’t officials; poor
leadership)
Declining Economy (Income & wages fall; Wealthy
refuse to pay taxes)
Rome Fails & Divides in two(Gov’t fails to keep order; Violence and Tension; Diocletian Divides the
Empire)
Western Roman EmpireMany attacks by Germanic Tribes
Rome Falls476 c.e. Rome Falls; Western empire
is divided into Germanic Tribes
Eastern Roman EmpireConstantinople: New capital; Empire
prospers
Eastern Roman EmpireCreated from Eastern Roman empire
Last for 1,000 years
Date: 8/19/19 Page: 1
Date: 8/21/19 Page: 2Lasting Roman Achievements
Lawan
d G
ove
rnm
en
t
• EVERYONE is EQUAL under the law
•A PERSON is INNOCENT until proven GUILTY.
•JUDGES used to decide case fairly
•REPUBLICAN government, elect leaders as
REPRESENTATIVES and require citizen participation in
government.
Cu
ltural Im
pact
•LATIN alphabet & ROMANCE Languages
•LITERATURE
•ARCHTIECTURE such as ARCHES and DOMES
•CONCRETE
Ch
ristianity
•CHRISTIANITY began in the eastern Roman Empire
and was ADOPTED by Rome’s emperors in the A.D.
300s
•Roman ROAD system allowed CHRISTIANS to travel
safely and SPREAD ideas.
Date: 8/22/19 Page: 3
Why the Byzantine
Empire Thrived
Constantinople: The CapitalAdvanced Civilization
“the New Rome”
Location: on a PeninsulaEasy to Defend
Built a wall around the side not protected by water
Wealth: Byzantine Empire had $$ because of Trade between
Europe and Asia
Culture: Influenced by Romans, Greeks, Persians
Spread Christianity
Date: 8/23/19How did Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora strengthen the Byzantine Empire?
VIP’sJustinian: Emperor of Byzantine Empire• Military Leader• Greatest Emperor of
Byzantine Empire Theodora: Empress of Byzantine Empire• Born in a low class• Married to Justinian
Significant Events during Justinian’s Reign as Emperor 1. Legal Reforms: made a simpler and more organized code of laws2. Hagia Sophia: Religious Center of Byzantine Empire3. Education: schools for boys4. Military Conquests: Byzantine Calvary; Conquered territories that were part of “old
Rome.”5. Justinian’s Plague: killed millions of people (included soldiers—ended Justinian’s
military conquests)
Geography of Europe8/28/2019 Page: 4
Constantinople Rome
Important Vocabulary 8/29/2019 Page: 5
2 Christian churches
Western
• Roman Influence
• Pope is messenger of God
• Pope appoints Church officials
• Approves of Icons
Eastern
• Greek Influence
• Emperor is messenger of God
• Emperor appoints church officials
• Icons are destroyed—Believe they are sinful
• Have Church Officials
• Christian• Spread
Christianity
Both:
9/3/2019 Page: 6
The Spread of Christianity
1. Monastaries: religious communities that house monks.
2. Women called Nuns established their own religious communities called Convents.
3. Many monks became Missionaries, and they would teach their religion to those who are not followers.
4. What important role did Monks and Nuns play in Christian Europe? Helped the poor and ran hospitals and schools
5. Cyril and Methodius wanted to deliver Christianity to the Slavic people of Eastern Europe. Why did they create the Slavic alphabet? To make it more interesting
6. Looking at the picture on pg. 26, how can one tell that Cyril and Methodius were considered “holy?” Halos, Carring Corsses, Wearing Robes
7. A priests named Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland in the 400’s.
8. Like in many other places, Monasteries in England became centers of Religion and Culture.
9/4/2019 Page: 7
The Accomplishments of Charlemagne
I. King of the FranksA. Created an empire
1. Germany, France, Northern Spain, Most of ItalyB. Nicknamed: Charles the GreatC. Established Christianity as religion of his empire
II. Defended the PopeA. Pope Crowned Charlemagne Emperor of Holy Roman EmpireB. Relied on officials to help him govern
1. Beginnings of Feudalism
III. Increased EducationA. Established educational policy
1. Schools for children of government officials2. Education spread throughout the empire
9/5/2019 Page: 8
Important Vocabulary 9/9/2019 Page: 9
The Church and its Influence
Direction: When possible, answer in complete sentences.
Pgs. 45-47
1. What word is used to describe Christian areas of Europe during the Middle Ages? Christendom
2. Which important figure inspired Pope Gregory I? Patrick What was he inspired to do? Send Monks to act as missionaries
3. List 3 contributions Monks made to the world. Run schools and hospitals; teach carpentry and weaving; developing improvements in farming; scribes
4. The head of a monastery is called an Abbot; the head of a convent is called an Abbess.
5. As monasteries became wealthy, many abbots became active in politics, which caused disagreements between kings and the church.
6. What caused Henry IV to become angry with Pope Gregory VII in 1073? The Pope wanted to appoint Bishops—the Emperor thought only he had the power to do this—both thought they had all the power
7. Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry IV. What did that mean for Henry IV? Henry no longer had the rights of church membership and could not go to heaven; he was also no longer emperor
8. What did the Concordat of Worms allow kings and popes to do? Popes could appoint Bishops but the king could give them government posts
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Important Vocabulary
Page: 11
1. Feudalism: System of service between a lord and the vassals who have sworn loyalty to the lord2. Vassal: Person under the protection of a lord to whom he has vowed loyalty; lower ranking noble3. Fief: property granted to a vassal 4. Knight: armed warriors who fought on horseback, serving a feudal superior 5. Chivalry: the system, spirit, or customs of medieval knighthood6. Manor: farming community that a noble lord or knight ran and peasants worked
Page: 12
William the Conqueror & The Battle of Hastings
V.I.P’s • Edward: King of England
• William: Duke of Normandy
• From France
• Nickname: William the Conqueror
• Harold Godwinson• Noble that tried to claim
the English throne
Significant Events1. King of England died without an heir
(son)
2. Harold Godwinson claimed the throne
3. William claimed a right to the throne—had the Pope’s support—Harold Godwinson is excommunicated
4. William and knight arrive in England—attack Harold
5. Harold is killed @ the Battle of Hastings
6. Christmas Day 1066: William is crowned King of England
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What Were the Crusades? Pg. 67
Who was Richard I?Pg. 68
Who was Saladin?Pg. 68
Who was Pope Urban II?Pg. 67
The 1st CrusadePg. 67
The 2nd CrusadePg. 68
The 3rd CrusadePg. 68
Effects of the CrusadesPg. 68
Holy Wars in the Middle Ages
The pope that urged Christian kings rom Europe to
send soldiers to help the Byzantine Empire fight against Muslim Turks.
King of England that fought in the Crusades and signed
a truce with Saladin allowing Christians access
to Holy areas.
Muslim general that led his troops against
Crusaders.
1096-1099European soldiers stormed
Jerusalem and set up Christian states in Muslim
controlled areas.
1147-1149Muslims led by Saladin
recaptured Jerusalem and defeated the Europeans.
1189-1192Muslims reclaimed all lands
conquered by European crusaders.
New Architecture; Better Map; The Compass; Trade;
Weakened Feudalism
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Sentence from the book: Joan was burned at the stake for heresy.
Your own sentence: Joan of Arc was found guilty of heresy and executed.
Definition: Religious belief that is different than what is accepted
Example or Drawing:
Heresy
Reconquista
Definition: Christian effort to take back the Iberian Peninsula from Muslims.
Sentence from the book: The Christians drove the Muslims out in a struggle called the Reconquista or “Reconquest.”
Your own sentence: During the Reconquista many Muslims were forced out of Spain.
Example or Drawing:
Page: 20
Joan ofArc
Henry V.
The Hundred
Years War• Became King England in 1413.• He made England one of the strongest countries
in Europe.• Because Henry V could read and write in English,
many legal documents were written in English. English eventually became the official language of the country.
• King Henry V and his army were victorious at Crecy because they had the longbow and the cannon.
• He died suddenly in 1422, and his 9 month old son became King (he was crowned in 1429).
• A teenager that was inspired by God to lead
an army against the English.
• She helped lead the French army to victory
at Orleans.
• She was captured by the English. They
accused her of being a witch; burned her at
the stake for heresy.
• She became a Catholic saint and national
hero.
• 1346-1453
• War between France and England
• King of France died without a son.
• King of England, Edward III, claims he is the
rightful King of France.
• Phillip VI claims he is the rightful King of
France.
• England and France fight for over 100 years.
• Warfare is changed due to introduction of
gunpowder.
Page: 21/22Foldable
The Reconquista
Form
ation
of
Spain
Jewish Persecution (Mistreatment)
Span
ish
In
qu
isit
ion
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Allah: GodShari’ah: Code of law for Muslims
Sunnah: collection of writing that contain teachings about Muhammad
Quran: Islam Holy book
The Five Pillars of Islam
Muslims must follow these pillars to show their submission to Allah
Muhammad: The founder of Islam
Page: 25
Muslim Contributions
Literature:
Nonreligious Literature
The Arabian Nights (Aladdin)
Medicine
Created the first medical schools and pharmacies
Mathematics & Science
Proved the moon affects ocean tides
Confirmed the Earth is round
Founders of Chemistry
Invented Algebra
Art & Architecture
Mosaics
Taj Mahal
Mosques
Geography
Created accurate maps
Used the Astrolabe to measure distance around the Earth
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Sultan
Caliph
Seljuk Leader; “holder of power”
A Muslim Leader
Seljuk sultans ruled with the Abbasid caliphs.
The Sultan was a kind and fair leader.
Muslim leaders chose a new type of leader called the caliph or successor.
People from far away came to the city when they heard the caliph was going to give a speech.
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Savannah
Griot
Clan Animism
Tropical grasslands dotted with small trees and shrubs.
The Savannahs have high temperatures and uneven rains.
The climate of the Savannah allows for a variety of wild animals to thrive.
Story Tellers West African griots credit a great kind for Mali’s rise.
Thanks to the colorful stories of the griots that lived many years ago, the history of many west African tribes is known.
A group of people descended from the same ancestor.
Each district was composed of villages belonging to the chief’s clan.
The leader of that clan made peace with the neighboring village, so they could trade.
Belief that spirits or souls are found in all natural objects, such as trees, rivers, and mountains.
People who practice animism believe that spiritual beings can help or harm human interests.
Many indigenous people from Africa practiced Animism for centuries before the introduction of Islam and Christianity.
Page: 30
Trans Saharan Trade
Religion and Culture
Kingdoms
Governments
Ghana Mali Songhai
Gov’t had strong kings.1st trading empire in Africa.King used family members to help him run his gov’t.
Gov’t like Ghana, but with more trade, people, and land. General Muhammed Ture took control and created a kingdom in 1493.
Ghana Mali Songhai
Ruled by a king.Kingdom is inherited only by King’s nephew.
Military has the power.Mali is a large producer of gold.
It was a safe kingdom because of a strong navy and Calvary.
Religion Culture
Traditional: 1 God created the universe. God left the daily concerns of humans to Deities, Spirits, and Ancestors. Art: Rock Paining, Wood Carvings (masks, statues), Metal work
Islam: Introduced through trade. Aspects of traditional religion mixed with Islam. Islam in Africa is less strict than on the Arabian Peninsula (women/veil)
Music and dance: Connected to religion
Gold and Salt Slaves
Ghana: located between the Sahara salt and gold mines, therefore making it an important crossroads of trade. Began in ancient times.
Mali: had the gold most mines (richest). Contact with Muslim merchants, traders, and European’s caused the salve trade to expand out of Africa.
Salt: Preserved food and used for flavor; replaces what the body loses because of climate; created great wealth
Songhai gained control of West African trade by conquering Timbuktu.
Page: 31
Indigenous
Definition: Native to a particular region
The indigenous religions of West Africa often included aspects of animism.
The indigenous tribes of the Amazon Rainforest do not have access to electronics.
Deity
Definition: a god or goddess (polytheism); supreme creator (monotheism)
Indigenous religions often worship a variety of deities.
The ancient Greeks believed in many deities, making them polytheistic.
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Salt, Gold, Slaves
Gold
Preserves food
Through trade routes
Desert, Savannah, Sahel, Tropical grassland, Tropical forest
SaharaMali; gold
Used his strong calvery and navy to keep peace.
Mali and Ghana
His sisters son (nephew)
Religion, language, and Education
Rock painting
Storytellers
Used to communicate with spirits; rituals
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China in the Middle Ages: Important Vocab.
• Directions: 1. Fold strips in half.2. Write the term and page
number on front of strip.3. Draw a picture or write a
sentence using the term correctly on the left side of the inside flap.
4. Write the definition on the right side of the inside flap.
5. Glue strips onto pg. 36 in notebook.
China Vocabulary:• Neo Confucianism (pg. 139)• Calligraphy (pg. 147)• Unify (pg. 150)• Steppes (pg. 150)• Regime (pg. 153)• Census (pg. 159)• Convert (162)
Page: 36
China in the Middle Ages: Important Vocab.
• Directions: 1. Fold strips in half.2. Write the term and
page number on front of strip.
3. Draw a picture or write a sentence using the term correctly on the left side of the inside flap.
4. Write the definition on the right side of the inside flap.
5. Glue strips onto pg. 36 in notebook.
China Vocabulary:• Dynasty: line of rulers of the same family that
ruled for several hundred years• Voyages: Journeys taken, especially by sea • Eurasia: landmass of Asia and Europe; Chiefly
used to refer to the two continents as one continent
• Isolationism: the policy of a group that limits contact with others as a way to stay safe
• Conquest: the act of conquering something or someone
• Reunification: to bring back together after a period of separation
• Confucianism: belief system based on the teachings o Confucius; emphasis love for humanity; values learning, peace, and justice; urges people to show devotion to family
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