the expansion rate of human-size objects by the effect of dark energy

8/9/2019 The Expansion Rate of Human-size Objects by the Effect of Dark Energy

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The Expansion rate of human-size objects

by the effect of Dark Energy

Researcher / Yusuke Hayashi

Institution / Theoretical Astrophysics Group, Dept. of Physics,

Kyushu University (M2)

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Y.Snto, Introduction to General relativity : Nippon-Hyoron-sha (2005)

A.G.Riess et al. The Astrophys. J. 659 (2007) 98-121

The Supernova Cosmology Project; S.Perlmutter at al. Astrophys.

J. 517 (1999) 565-586

The Hi-z Supernova Search Team; A.G.Riess etal. Astronom. J. 116

(1998) 1009-1038

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Introduction

7-yearWilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) results gave evidence

for the accelerating universe and the present universe is spartially flat with onlya 2% margin of error [3]

Hubble Space Telescope observed that the expansion of the universe havebeen accelerating around z 0.5 [1,2]

From these observations one general point becomes very clear: the present universeis spatially flat and the expansion of the universe have been accelerating.

HST

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Fig. 1 Distance modulus of supernova luminosity indicates the supernovasbrightness as seen by an obserber on Earth. Add to this, redshift z indicatedsthe Distance to the supernova from an obserber on Earth. This figure may bedivided into three types. The orange part is the relatively near area tells us

that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.

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Tab. 1 The 7-year WMAP results are presented in this Table. These resultsreveal the component of the present universe. Therefore, even if any

doubt remains about an error of observation, it is clear that the expansionof the present universe is accelerating.

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Tab. 1 The 7-year WMAP results are presented in this Table. These resultsreveal the component of the present universe. Therefore, even if any

doubt remains about an error of observation, it is clear that the expansionof the present universe is accelerating.

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Research Purpose

Expansion by the effect of Dark energy?

How the difference between the present height

and the height of one hundred years after?

The present height

The height of 100 years after

175

?

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Analysis

It is plain, therefore, that the expansion rate of the universe is expressed as

where is the age of the present universe.

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Results

1

1.00002

1.00004

1.00006

1.00008

1.0001

1.00012

1.00014

1.00016

1.00018

10 100 1000 10000 100000 1e+006

fort.7 u 1:3

Fig. 2 This figure indicates the time evolution of the expansion rate of theuniverse. The value of the expansion rate rise from 1 in today to1.00000001725 in one hundred years after. Therefore, the difference

between the present height and the height of one hundred years after is0.000003018750021510641 centimeters 302 nanometers.

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Results

1

1.00002

1.00004

1.00006

1.00008

1.0001

1.00012

1.00014

1.00016

1.00018

10 100 1000 10000 100000 1e+006

fort.7 u 1:3

# today age= 13700000000.0000 (yr) = 13.7000000000000 (Gyr)# ! = 1.960704834547406E-010# year logR(t) R(t) cosmic age

80.00 0.59932164E-08 0.100000001380E+01 0.13700000E+11

100.00 0.74915206E-08 0.100000001725E+01 0.13700000E+11200.00 0.14983041E-07 0.100000003450E+01 0.13700000E+11300.00 0.22474562E-07 0.100000005175E+01 0.13700000E+11400.00 0.29966082E-07 0.100000006900E+01 0.13700000E+11500.00 0.37457603E-07 0.100000008625E+01 0.13700000E+11600.00 0.44949123E-07 0.100000010350E+01 0.13700001E+11700.00 0.52440643E-07 0.100000012075E+01 0.13700001E+11800.00 0.59932164E-07 0.100000013800E+01 0.13700001E+11

900.00 0.67423684E-07 0.100000015525E+01 0.13700001E+111000.00 0.74915204E-07 0.100000017250E+01 0.13700001E+112000.00 0.14983041E-06 0.100000034500E+01 0.13700002E+113000.00 0.22474561E-06 0.100000051750E+01 0.13700003E+114000.00 0.29966081E-06 0.100000068999E+01 0.13700004E+115000.00 0.37457600E-06 0.100000086249E+01 0.13700005E+116000.00 0.44949120E-06 0.100000103499E+01 0.13700006E+117000.00 0.52440639E-06 0.100000120749E+01 0.13700007E+11

8000.00 0.59932158E-06 0.100000137999E+01 0.13700008E+119000.00 0.67423677E-06 0.100000155249E+01 0.13700009E+1110000.00 0.74915195E-06 0.100000172499E+01 0.13700010E+11

Fig. 2 This figure indicates the time evolution of the expansion rate of theuniverse. The value of the expansion rate rise from 1 in today to1.00000001725 in one hundred years after. Therefore, the difference

between the present height and the height of one hundred years after is0.000003018750021510641 centimeters 302 nanometers.

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Conclusion

The man who is 175 centimeters stretches to175.00000302 centimeters in 100 years.However, in comparison with height loss by theeffect of aging, the difference in height is very

small. It follows from what has been said thatthe expansion of the universe hardly affecthuman-size objects during human life-span.

The present height


175

175.00000302

302 nanometers

wavelength of Ultraviolet B

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Conclusion

The man who is 175 centimeters stretches to175.00000302 centimeters in 100 years.However, in comparison with height loss by theeffect of aging, the difference in height is very

small. It follows from what has been said thatthe expansion of the universe hardly affecthuman-size objects during human life-span.

The present height


175

175.00000302

302 nanometers

wavelength of Ultraviolet B

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I am indebted to Shohei Mimata for his assistance in calculatingthe expansion rate of the universe.

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the expansion rate of human-size objects by the effect of dark energy

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