the expansion of pasteurization for potable and …...the expansion of pasteurization for potable...

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GETTING HOTTHE EXPANSION OF PASTEURIZATION FOR

POTABLE AND NON-POTABLE REUSE

Ventura Water ~ Gina Dorrington, Shana Epstein, and John

Willis

Pasteurization Technology Group ~ Greg Ryan

Carollo Engineers ~ Andrew Salveson, Nicola Fontaine

Melbourne Water/VU/ACWRE ~ Judy Blackbeard, Justin

Lewis, Peter Sanciolo, Stephen Grey, Mark O’Donohue,

Simon Cashion

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PasteurizationNot Just For Milk

MOO

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To Succeed In “Clean-Tech” Market One Must…

• Battle Engineering Conservatism and the Copycat Culture

• Have Patience and Time

• Have Financing and Support

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1852 – Napolean III

Funds First

Pasteurization

Research

2014 – Full-Scale

System Online in

Graton CA

2005 – “Title 22”

Research

Completed in

Santa Rosa CA 2011 – ½ MGD

Demonstration

Project Installed

in Ventura CA

1852 2014

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If You Remember Nothing Else…Pasteurization Achieves Both Cost-Effective and Sustainable Wastewater Disinfection Using Waste Heat

• Energy Efficient

• Effective Disinfection to protect public health

• Approved by the State of California’s Department of Public

Health

• Operational for ~2 years at a 0.5 MGD demonstration scale in

Ventura, California

• Installed and operational at full-scale in Graton, California

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Process Based On Reusing Waste Heat

~3 degree differential

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Validated And Approved By RegulatorsFor Stringent Disinfection

Requirements

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Demonstration Project 400 gpmVentura, California

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Demonstration Testing Intended to Find Long Term

Problems• Fouling

• Coliform Compliance

• Virus Disinfection

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System Fouling is Predictable and Reversible

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an

ge i

n P

ressu

re A

cro

ss t

he P

reh

eate

r (

on

th

e w

ay

in)

Date (system cleaned on 8/25/12)

Delta P

Cold

(psi)

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Dem

o U

nit

Flo

w,

gp

m

Date from Cleaning (8/25/12)

Flow

(GPM)

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25.0

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Head

loss T

hro

ug

h E

nti

re R

eacto

r,

psi

Hours from Start of Test

160 degrees F

Entire System Delta P Before Cleaning 8/21/2012

Entire System Delta P After Cleaning 8/25/2012

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2.8

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Delt

a T

(Eff

luen

t Tem

pertu

re M

inu

s I

nfl

eu

nt

Tem

peratu

re)

Hour

Delta T Before Cleaning 8/21/2012 Delta T After Cleaning 8/25/2012

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Coliform Disinfection is Robust. Little Regrowth is

Seen

1

10

100

1000

104

105

106

.01 .1 1 5 10 20 30 50 70 80 90 95 99 99.9 99.99

Filtered Effluent

135 F

145 F

140 F

150 F

155F

To

tal C

olif

orm

, M

PN

/10

0m

L

Percent of Occurrence

Percent of Occurrence

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Virus Disinfection is Substantial

0

1

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8

170.3 161.7 156.5

Vir

us L

og

Red

ucti

on

Temperature, Degrees F

Influent Preheater Performance

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0

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174.5 165 160.3

Vir

us L

og

Red

ucti

on


Stack Heater Performance

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0

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4

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6

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174.5 163.8 161.4

Vir

us L

og

Red

ucti

on


Contact Chamber Performance - End of Contactor Sample

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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

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170.3 161.7 156.5

Vir

us L

og

Red

ucti

on


Effluent Preheater Performance

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Next Steps for Ventura

• Pilot testing of pasteurization as part of a potable

reuse treatment scheme

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Graton California Commissioning Complete (March 2014)

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Pasteurization Demonstration Completed in Melbourne Australia

• Robust bacteria,

virus and protozoa

destruction are the

targets

MOO?

• Victoria Univerity, Melbourne Water, Australian

Water Recycling Centre of Excellence. Carollo,

PTG

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Pasteurization Demonstration Completed in Melbourne Australia

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ACWRE NatVal9 Steps to Recycled Water Heaven

1. Identify the mechanisms of pathogen removal by the treatment process unit.

2. Identify the target pathogens, or appropriate surrogates, that are the subject of the validation study.

3. Identify the influencing factors that affect the efficiacy of the treatment process unit to reduce the target pathogen.

4. Identify the operational monitoring parameters that can be measured and correlated to pathogen reduction.

5. Identify the validation methodology to demonstrate the capability of the treatment process unit.

6. Describe a method to collect and analyze data to formulate evidence-based conclusions.

7. Describe a method to determine the critical limits as well as an operational monitoring and control strategy.

8. Describe a method to determine the LRV for each pathogen group (protozoa, virus, bacteria) in each specific treatment process unit performing within defined critical limits.

9. Provide a means for re-validation or additional onsite validation where proposed modifications are inconsistent with the previous validation test conditions.

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Virus Disinfection Matches Results in California

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Melbourne Water Work Fills Key Data Gap on Protozoa Kill in Wastewater

• For all tests and temperatures,

complete kill of Giardia and

Cryptosporidium was seen.

• >2.5 to >3.8 LRV of Cryptosporidium

at 55 degrees C for 15 seconds

Euromath: 55 degrees C = 131 degrees F

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Melbourne Water Work Fills Key Data Gap on Protozoa Kill in Wastewater

OrganismTotal Log10

inactivationTemp (C) Time (min) Matrix

Cryptosporidium parvum >4 72.4 1 distilled water

Cryptosporidium parvum >3 71.7 0.08 distilled water

Cryptosporidium parvum >3 71.7 0.08 milk

Cryptosporidium parvum >4 64.2 5 distilled water

Cryptosporidium parvum >3 55 0.5 distilled water

Cryptosporidium muris >3 55 0.5 distilled water

Cryptosporidium sp

(chicken)>3 55 0.5 distilled water

Giardia muris 2 60 10 distilled water

Giardia muris >5 54 10 distilled water



Giardia duodenalis 2 60 10 distilled water

Giardia duodenalis 1 50 10 distilled water

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Team Members

• Lydia Holmes

• Elisa Garvey

• Justin Sutherland

• Andy Salveson

Ventura Water Pure Potable Water Reuse Demonstration

• Continuation of Recycled Water Study efforts that recommended implementing Potable Reuse (DPR)

• Needed to start outreach and demonstrate the processes to the community

• Participation in WRF Study allowed them leverage funding as part of larger research grant ($100,000 direct benefit)

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1. Existing Sand Filters

2. Pasteurization

3. Membrane Ultrafiltration

4. Reverse Osmosis

5. Ultraviolet Light/

Advanced Oxidation

Advanced Processes for Future DPR

Innovative Technologies for Potable Reuse:

• Pasteurization ahead of membrane filtration provides increased pathogen protection and reduced biofouling of membranes

• Medium pressure UV with electrolysis for advanced oxidation improvements/efficiency

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Advanced Processes for Future Direct Potable Reuse

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Ventura UF/RO/UV AOP

UV

H2O2

Ultrafiltration

Advanced Oxidation

Reverse Osmosis

Destroys Pathogens

Destroys Trace Pollutants

Filtration

Filters PathogensRemoves Trace

PollutantsRemoves Salts

Secondary Effluent

Reduces TSS, Turbidity

Pressure Sand Filters

Filters Pathogens

Filtration

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UV

H2O2

Ultrafiltration

Advanced Oxidation

Reverse Osmosis

Destroys Pathogens

Destroys Trace Pollutants

Disinfection

Filters PathogensRemoves Trace

PollutantsRemoves Salts

Secondary Effluent

Kills Pathogens

Pasteurization

Filters Pathogens

Filtration

Pressure Sand Filters

Filtration

Reduces TSS, Turbidity

Ventura Pasteurization/UF/RO/UV AOP

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• Central to Water Quality Confidence & DPR Focal Point

• Defined in DPR Framework Document:

– control can be applied to an individual unit process to reduce,

prevent, or eliminate process failure

– and where monitoring is conducted to confirm that the control

point is functioning correctly.

– goal is to reduce the risk from pathogen and chemical

constituents.

• Critical Control Points

– conservatively document performance of a treatment process

for the removal of a contaminant

– based upon the measurement of a surrogate

– verified through more intensive water quality monitoring and

challenge testing

Critical Control Points Definition

34

Critical Control Point Approach

CCP CCP Monitor

Primary and secondary treatment

No currently defined CCP monitor.

PasteurizationTarget temp (164 deg F) and short contact

(<10 seconds) makes ideal CCP

UFPDTs are an ideal CCP, but the sampling interval is too long (for this application)

ROOnline fluorescent monitoring now proven

for 3+ log credit

UV-AOPIntensity sensors following U.S. EPA

sufficient for credit

ESBESB with free chlorine Ct provides

additional treatment and meets Failure and Response Time (FRT) requirements

35

Potential DPR Train for Ventura

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Performance Target

Removal Goal

Primary and

Secondary Treatment

Past.

UF RO UV/H2O2

Total Credits

log viruses 12+ (1.9) 6 0 3+ 6 15.0+

log Giardiacysts

10+ (0.8) 4+ (4) 3+ 6 13.0+

log Cryptosporidium oocysts

10+ (1.2) 4+ (4) 3+ 6 13.0+

Oxidation of 1,4-Dioxane

0.5 log removal by advanced oxidation

Destruction by UV AOP

NDMA <10 ng/L <20 <10

Turbidity <0.2 NTU <0.2 NTU

Total Organic Carbon

<0.5 mg/L<0.3 mg/L

Drinking Water MCLs

VariesMeets all standards

Projected DPR Treatment Performance

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Contact Information

Andrew Salveson [email protected]

Greg Ryan [email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

the expansion of pasteurization for potable and …...the expansion of pasteurization for potable...

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