the executive branch. qualifications for presidency natural born citizen 35 years old live in the us...
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The Executive BranchThe Executive Branch
Qualifications for PresidencyQualifications for Presidency
Natural Born CitizenNatural Born Citizen
35 years old 35 years old
Live in the US for at Live in the US for at least 14 yearsleast 14 years
Traditional (“unwritten”) Traditional (“unwritten”) QualificationsQualifications
All menAll menWhiteWhiteProtestant Protestant All ChristianAll Christian
WealthyWealthyMarried (sometimes Married (sometimes more than once, but more than once, but not often)not often)Have some military Have some military experience experience
Electoral CollegeElectoral College
Each state has a body of electors equal to Each state has a body of electors equal to the number of representatives the state the number of representatives the state hashas
Each state guaranteed three electoral Each state guaranteed three electoral votesvotes
Votes are to reflect the vote of the people Votes are to reflect the vote of the people from each respective statefrom each respective state
State RepresentationState Representation
Electoral votes are given to winner of the Electoral votes are given to winner of the state (winner take all)state (winner take all)
Maine and Nebraska have proportional Maine and Nebraska have proportional electoral voteselectoral votes
Race to 270Race to 270
538 total electoral votes538 total electoral votes
Must receive a majority (270)Must receive a majority (270)
If no candidate get to 270 then the House If no candidate get to 270 then the House of Representatives decidesof Representatives decides
Flaws in Electoral CollegeFlaws in Electoral College
Winner of popular vote is not guaranteed Winner of popular vote is not guaranteed presidencypresidency
Has happened four timesHas happened four times 1824, 1876, 1888, 20001824, 1876, 1888, 2000
Flaw #2Flaw #2
Electors are not required to vote in accord Electors are not required to vote in accord with popular votewith popular vote Never been a major issue, but it could Never been a major issue, but it could
potentially bepotentially be
Flaw #3Flaw #3
The House decides if no candidate gets to The House decides if no candidate gets to 270270 Strong third party candidates could influence Strong third party candidates could influence
election, thus leaving election to Houseelection, thus leaving election to House
What else could we use?What else could we use?
District PlanDistrict Plan
Proportional PlanProportional Plan
Direct Popular ElectionDirect Popular Election
Is this the best we can do?Is this the best we can do?
Is the Electoral College fair?Is the Electoral College fair?
Does it work?Does it work?
Should we change? Why or why not?Should we change? Why or why not?
Term of OfficeTerm of Office
Limited to two terms Limited to two terms (FDR)(FDR)
2222ndnd Amendment Amendment No one can be elected No one can be elected
more than twicemore than twice Anyone who serves more Anyone who serves more
than 2 years of another’s than 2 years of another’s elected term can be elected term can be reelected oncereelected once
2020thth Amendment Amendment Newly elected President is Newly elected President is
sworn in on January 20sworn in on January 20thth
Salary and BenefitsSalary and Benefits
$400,000 annually$400,000 annuallyPerks-Fringe benefits the President receives, set Perks-Fringe benefits the President receives, set by congressby congress Travel $100,000Travel $100,000 Expense $50,000Expense $50,000 Residence at the White House (gym, library, bowling Residence at the White House (gym, library, bowling
alley and movie room)alley and movie room) Executive Staff, over 100 peopleExecutive Staff, over 100 people Camp David Camp David Doctors, Dentists and other healthcare professionalsDoctors, Dentists and other healthcare professionals Air Force One, Marine OneAir Force One, Marine One Retirement BenefitsRetirement Benefits
Roles of the PresidentRoles of the President
Chief Executive-The Chief Executive-The official who actually official who actually runs the Governmentruns the Government Armed forcesArmed forces PardonsPardons Negotiate TreatiesNegotiate Treaties AppointmentsAppointments Meet with foreign Meet with foreign
leadersleaders Carry out the LawCarry out the Law
Roles of the PresidentRoles of the President
Chief of State –Figure Chief of State –Figure Head for the USHead for the US Foreign Relations Foreign Relations
(entertainment)(entertainment) Speaks to Charitable Speaks to Charitable
GroupsGroups Unveils MonumentsUnveils Monuments Recognizes effort in Recognizes effort in
battle battle First PitchFirst Pitch
Line of SuccessionLine of SuccessionEight American Presidents have died in office (four of natural Eight American Presidents have died in office (four of natural causes, four assassinated)causes, four assassinated)
Line of Succession is the order in which determines who serves as Line of Succession is the order in which determines who serves as president if the president dies, is disabled, or removed from officepresident if the president dies, is disabled, or removed from office
The Vice President The Vice President Joseph Biden Speaker of the House Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi President Pro Tempore of the Senate President Pro Tempore of the Senate Daniel InouyeDaniel Inouye Secretary of State Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense Robert Gates Attorney General Attorney General Eric Holder Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce Gary Locke Secretary of Labor Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis Secretary of Health and Human Services Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood Secretary of Energy Secretary of Energy Stephen Chu Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Arne Duncan Secretary of Veterans Affairs Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki Secretary of Homeland Security Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano
Executive Privilege or ImmunityExecutive Privilege or Immunity
Right to withhold info from Congress and the Right to withhold info from Congress and the courtscourts
Why would the President want to do this?Why would the President want to do this?
Messages to CongressMessages to Congress
State of the UnionState of the Union
Economic ReportEconomic Report
Budget MessageBudget Message
Approving LegislationApproving Legislation
Options:Options: Sign bill into lawSign bill into law Veto billVeto bill Do nothing (pocket veto)Do nothing (pocket veto)
Does not have line-item vetoDoes not have line-item veto
Judicial PowersJudicial Powers
Appoints Supreme Court JusticesAppoints Supreme Court Justices
Able to grant pardons-release from Able to grant pardons-release from punishmentpunishment
““absolute” or “conditional”absolute” or “conditional”
Judicial PowersJudicial Powers
Amnesty-general or blanket pardonAmnesty-general or blanket pardon
Voting Trends and Voting Trends and BehaviorBehavior
Why is voter turnout so low?Why is voter turnout so low?
Socioeconomic factorsSocioeconomic factors OccupationOccupation AgeAge RaceRace GenderGender EducationEducation IncomeIncome ResidenceResidence
Education and IncomeEducation and Income
More education = More wealth (generally)More education = More wealth (generally)
More education & $$$ = More likely to vote More education & $$$ = More likely to vote (Republican)(Republican)
OccupationOccupation
Employed are much more likely to voteEmployed are much more likely to vote
In 2000, 60% of employed voted, only In 2000, 60% of employed voted, only 46% of unemployed46% of unemployed
Gov’t workers-75%Gov’t workers-75%
AgeAge
Older more likely to voteOlder more likely to vote
Lowest participation is in 18-24 year oldsLowest participation is in 18-24 year olds More mobile group More mobile group (college, military, travel)(college, military, travel)
2008 Election2008 Election
AgesAges % of pop. that % of pop. that reg. to votereg. to vote
% of pop. that % of pop. that actually votedactually voted
18-2418-24 53%53% 49%49%
25-4425-44 68%68% 60%60%
45-6445-64 75%75% 69%69%
65-7465-74 78%78% 72%72%
75 and older75 and older 77%77% 68%68%
Total (225 mil.)Total (225 mil.) 71% (146 mil.)71% (146 mil.) 64% (131 mil.)64% (131 mil.)
RaceRace
Whites more likely to voteWhites more likely to vote 2008-65% of whites voted2008-65% of whites voted 54% of blacks54% of blacks 24% of Latinos24% of Latinos
GenderGender
2008 election2008 election 62% of men62% of men 66% of women66% of women
ResidenceResidence
Midwest and Northeast much higher than Midwest and Northeast much higher than South or WestSouth or West
Rural areas more likely to vote than Rural areas more likely to vote than metropolitan areasmetropolitan areas
Voter attitudesVoter attitudes
Apathy or indifferenceApathy or indifference 27% of registered 27% of registered
voters claimed they voters claimed they didn’t vote because didn’t vote because they didn’t want to, they didn’t want to, didn’t prefer any didn’t prefer any candidate, or were candidate, or were simply uneducatedsimply uneducated
41% claim they were 41% claim they were unable to get to polling unable to get to polling placeplace
TrendsTrends
Only Switzerland has lower turnoutOnly Switzerland has lower turnout
Some say U.S. doesn’t necessarily have a Some say U.S. doesn’t necessarily have a problem, other nations are just more problem, other nations are just more politically activepolitically active
Suffering for suffrageSuffering for suffrage
Voter turnout has declined as suffrage (the Voter turnout has declined as suffrage (the right to vote) has increasedright to vote) has increased
2626thth Amendment gave 11 million more Amendment gave 11 million more people the right to votepeople the right to vote Less than ½ actually turned outLess than ½ actually turned out Number of voters went up 4 millionNumber of voters went up 4 million Percentage went down 6%Percentage went down 6%
When do people vote?When do people vote?
Presidential elections draw more voters than Presidential elections draw more voters than Congressional, state, and local electionsCongressional, state, and local elections
Easier VotingEasier Voting
Motor Voter Act of 1993Motor Voter Act of 1993 Registration at Dept. of Motor VehiclesRegistration at Dept. of Motor Vehicles
Election PredictionsElection Predictions
Media influences Media influences votersvoters ImageImage Heighten interestHeighten interest Can hurt turnout by Can hurt turnout by
predicting winnerspredicting winners
What do we look for in a What do we look for in a candidate?candidate?
Why?Why?
DiscussDiscuss
Voting DecisionsVoting Decisions
Party identificationParty identification Party loyalty-”coattail effect”Party loyalty-”coattail effect” Split ticket votingSplit ticket voting
IssuesIssues
Where does the candidate stand on the issues?Where does the candidate stand on the issues?
ImageImage
1952 Eisenhower vs. Stevenson 1952 Eisenhower vs. Stevenson
ImageImage
1960 Kennedy vs. Nixon1960 Kennedy vs. Nixon
ImageImage
1984 Reagan vs. Mondale1984 Reagan vs. Mondale
ImageImage
1992 Clinton vs. Bush1992 Clinton vs. Bush
ImageImage
1996 Clinton vs. Dole1996 Clinton vs. Dole
ImageImage
2000 Bush vs. Gore2000 Bush vs. Gore
ImageImage2008 Obama vs. McCain2008 Obama vs. McCain