the exclusive economic zone

THE EXCLUSIVEECONOMIC ZONE (EEZ)

Presented by :MAHOMED Nasiir [ ID:1514905 ]VALAYDON Nallarasi [ ID: ]

OVERVIEW Introduction on EEZ List of largest EEZ EEZ of Mauritius Importance Of EEZ Ocean Economy Ocean Economy Clusters Conclusion References

Introduction

WHAT AN EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE [EEZ] According to the United Nations Convention on the Law

of the Sea (UNCLOS), the EEZ is an area beyond adjacent to the territorial sea which is subject to a specific legal regime, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal states and the rights and freedom of other States are governed by the relevant provision of this Convention, primarily:

1. The coastal state has sovereign rights over fisheries, production of energy from water, currents and winds.

2. The coastal state can exercise jurisdiction over artificial islands, marine scientific research and environment protection

3. Other states can enjoy freedom of navigation and over-flight, the right to lay and operate submarine cables and pipelines whilst having due regard to the rights and duties of the coastal state.

The EEZ starts at the coastal baseline and extends 200 nautical miles out into the sea, perpendicular to the baseline.

LIST OF 10 LARGEST EZZ IN THE WORLD

The US EEZ is the largest in the world, spanning over 13,000 miles of coastline and containing 3.4 million square nautical miles of ocean- larger than the combined land area of all fifty states.

THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE OF MAURITIUS The Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of

Mauritius extends over an area of about 2.3 millions km2 (including approx. 400,000 km2 jointly managed with the Seychelles) and this makes Mauritius the 20th country in the world with the largest EZZ.

IMPORTANCE OF EEZ The ocean is a major hub of economic activity. Oceans

waters serve as a source of food and valuable minerals, as a vast highway for commerce, and provide a place for both recreation and waste disposal. Increasingly, people are turning to the oceans for their food supply either by direct consumption or indirectly by harvesting fish that is then processes for livestock feed.

Ocean water is processed to extract commercially valuable minerals such as salt, bromine, and magnesium.

In a few arid regions of the world, such as Ascension Island, Kuwait, and Israel, ocean water is desalinated to produce fresh water

OCEAN ECONOMY Global Ocean Asset Value

OCEAN ECONOMY Annual Gross Marine Product

FISHING, SEAFOOD PROCESSING AND AQUACULTURE

FISHING, SEAFOOD PROCESSING AND AQUACULTURE Fisheries and aquaculture offer ample opportunities to

reduce hunger and improve nutrition, alleviate poverty, generate economic growth and ensure better use of natural resources.

The Marine Industry is one of the promising development sectors of the Mauritian economy. The Mauritius Marine Industry has experienced a rapid expansion, with investments in various activities ranging from fishing to seafood processing to fish farming at sea.

FISHING, SEAFOOD PROCESSING AND AQUACULTURE The Indian Ocean remains an important production area

contributing about 23% of the world’s tuna production. Out of this 962,000 tonnes are produced in the Western Indian Ocean.

FISHING, SEAFOOD PROCESSING AND AQUACULTURE Aquaculture contributes to nearly 50% of the world

fishery output for human consumption and is projected to surpass capture fisheries as the most important source of fish for human consumption by 2015.

MARINE BIO-PROSPECTING

Oceans and seas the source of a huge variety of life forms including macro- and microorganism. Living marine resources have huge potential for developing new food, biochemical , pharmaceutical and cosmetics.

MARINE BIO-PROSPECTING In Mauritius, our marine ecosystem provides a unique

environment with a vast pool of untapped biological resources. Marine biotechnology is a nascent industry in Mauritius, with Omega 3 production as well as plans to derive high-value fish oil from fish by-product.

MARINE SERVICES

In 2012, for the first time, the number of international tourist arrivals reached over billions. According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNTWO), approximately on of every two tourists visited the seaside. Tourism generates the largest source of foreign exchange, accounting for between 20 to 50 per cent of GDP and over 30 per cent of employment.

MARINE SERVICES

In Mauritius, the emerging marine-based leisure activities have significantly increased over the years and they currently contributed nearly MUR 1.26 billion to the national economy with employment estimated at 2800 jobs. The Mauritian tourism industry contributes 8.2 per cent to GDP.

SEAPORT-RELATED ACTIVITIES

Seaport-Related Activities

About half of the world’s population, most of its largest cities and industries along with critical value chains tend to be concentrated in coastal areas to ensure access to transport routes and continuous flows of resources and products. Between 80 to 90 per cent of the volume of global trade is transported by sea.


Container Transshipment

Cruise


Petroleum Hub

Ship Repair and Ship Building


Shipping Agents/ Ship Brokers

MARINE RENEWABLE ENERGIES

Demand for renewable energy is expected to increase two and a half times by 2035. The generation of renewable energy from tides and waves, wind turbines located in offshore areas, submarine geothermal resources and marine biomass could be viable alternatives for contributing to energy need and climate change mitigation objectives.


Marine renewable energies can amply contribute to our energy security and help in exceeding the expected target of 35 per cent of our electricity production from renewable energy sources.


Preliminary research on offshore wind and ocean-wave energies in the waters of Mauritius and Rodrigues has yielded encouraging results. It is also believed that our ocean contains a high potential for ocean current, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), and ocean saline energies which in the long term may contribute to our energy production.

DEEP OCEAN WATER APPLICATIONS

Deep ocean water provide a multitude of renewable resources. Mauritius is positioned at a vantage point to exploit the mineral and nutrient-rich, cold deep sea water flowing in these undercurrents. The temperature of the water which drops to about 5°C at a depth of 1000 metres is also ideal for the implementation of cost- efficient sea water air cooling projects that contributes to the reduction of green house emissions.

Conclusion

Mauritius has a large EZZ with the potential of developing the ocean economy. It will be an investment in the future generations to come and bring a lot of revenue to the country. However, development of the ocean economy should be not done at the cost of the marine environment but the biological diversity of our ocean should be preserved for a sustainable development of the EEZ.

REFERENCES

Board of Investment, 2013. The Ocean Economy: A Roadmap for Mauritius, Mauritius: Prime Minister's Office.

Commonwealth Secretariat, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, 2014. The Oceans Economy: Opportunities and Challenges for Small Island Developing States, London: Commonwealth Secretariat.

Intercontinental Trust Ltd, [no date]. Mauritius: Promoting the development of the ocean economy (Online), Available at: http://www.intercontinentaltrust.com/admin/documents/all/ITL%20Newsletter%20Vol%206%20Issue%2011%20-%20Mauritius%20Exclusive%20Economic%20Zone.pdf (Accessed: 06 September 2015)

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