the exchange of retrieval knowledge about services between agents mirjam minor mike wernicke
TRANSCRIPT
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The Exchange of Retrieval Knowledge about Services
between Agents
Mirjam MinorMike Wernicke
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Can computer systems make experiences
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Outline
• Brief introduction of Kühnel’s assistant agents
• The role of TCBR to improve this agents
• Merging of Case Retrieval Nets
• Implementation issues
• Contribution to Experience Management
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Kühnel’s assistant agents
• Personal assistant agents that distribute how-to knowledge: – executing services on demand of user
(service: utility program like print a file)– planning with sub-services if necessary– collaborating with other agents by
• remote execution
• exchange of services
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
A service description
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
User requests
• How to find appropriate services to a user request?– Navigate? - only for a small service library– String matching? - bad recall– Textual Case-Based Reasoning!
• The service descriptions are the cases.• The retrieval is performed by means of a
Case Retrieval Net (CRN).
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Textual CBR
• Case: AV pairs + textual sections, mapped on sets of information entities by means of dictionaries, e.g. print;prints;printing
• Similarity function: computes the best matching cases of the case base concerning a query, uses local similarity values, e.g.
Query Case
ji
e esimCaseQuerySIM
i j
ee ).,(),(
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Retrieval of Texts in a CRN
Opens Yahoo in an Internet Explorer
Starting Yahoo with Netscape
__YAHOO__
__OPEN__
__START__
__BROWSER__
__IE__ __NETSCAPE__
Case
Information Entities
Query
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Retrieval of Texts in a CRN
Opens Yahoo in an Internet Explorer
Starting Yahoo with Netscape
__YAHOO__
__OPEN__
__START__
__BROWSER__
__IE__ __NETSCAPE__
Case
Information Entities
Query
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Retrieval of Texts in a CRN
Opens Yahoo in an Internet Explorer
Starting Yahoo with Netscape
__YAHOO__
__OPEN__
__START__
__BROWSER__
__IE__ __NETSCAPE__
Case
Information Entities
Query
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Retrieval of Texts in a CRN
Opens Yahoo in an Internet Explorer
Starting Yahoo with Netscape
__YAHOO__
__OPEN__
__START__
__BROWSER__
__IE__ __NETSCAPE__
Case
Information Entities
Query
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Retrieval of Texts in a CRN
Opens Yahoo in an Internet Explorer
Starting Yahoo with Netscape
__YAHOO__
__OPEN__
__START__
__BROWSER__
__IE__ __NETSCAPE__
Case
Information Entities
Query
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Central vs. personal CRNs
• Central approach in the manner of yellow pages:– Easier to manage, e.g. by a central administrator
– Rather a client-server than an autonomous agent model
– Inconsistencies and ambiguities due to different sub-domains
• Personal approach with initially delivered and individually extendable dictionaries:– Individual service libraries with individual CRNs
– Communication of services and parts of the own CRN
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Merging Case Retrieval Nets
__IEa__
__IEi=j’__
__IEy__
__IEz__
__IEx__
C1 C2C1‘
Merged set of case nodes
Merged set of Information Entities
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Merging Case Retrieval Nets
Types of possible ‘syntactic’ conflicts:– Non-identical duplicates of information
entities:the new IE takes all strings of both originals
– Duplicates of similarity relationships with different weights: choose the maximum degree
– Differently assigned strings, e.g.__print__; print; printer__printer__; printer; print device
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Merging Case Retrieval Nets
__IEa__
__IEi=j’__
__IEy__
__IEz__
__IEx__
C1 C2C1‘
Case nodes
Information Entities
new similarity arcs?
new relevance
arcs
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Merging Case Retrieval Nets
New relevance arcs: rebuild the CRN
Missing similarity links, e.g.:
Still an open research issue!
__ALTAVISTA____GOOGLE__
__SEARCH ENGINE__
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Implementation
• Java package ‘TCBR’ that implements a case-based retrieval for texts with a Case Retrieval Net and dictionaries
• Java package ‘AgentTCBRShell’ to extend the original description of a service with IEs and local similarity relationships
• The prototype is implemented and runs as a Java application.
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
System Architecture
RMI
Searching in
Planning
ExecutingAgent A
personal service library
personal dictionaries
CRN Searching in
Planning
ExecutingAgent B
personal service library
personal dictionaries
CRN
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Contribution to Experience Management
• Agents that exchange how-to knowledge in form of services
• Transfer of background knowledge
• Integration of received knowledge with the own knowledge repository
• Individual ‘treasury of experiences’ that develops during the agent’s work history
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Agents are able to make experiences and to share them!
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Questions?
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Long-Lived CBR SystemsLifecycle models and their impact on CBR systems
regarding usage, structure, and maintenance
ICCBR-03 Workshop in Trondheim, NorwayOrganizers: M. Nick, M. MinorImportant Dates:
April 9, 2003 submission deadlineJune 24, 2003 workshop
http://www.iccbr.org/2003/index-ws2.html
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Applications of TCBR
• ExperienceBook: www.informatik.hu-berlin.de/~cbr-ws/EXP_BOOK
• Support of system administrators and common computer users during daily work
• Cases: problem description with solution, e.g. how to print an ASCII file with UNIX
• Lesson learnt by long-term use: knowledge management to keep it up to date
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
The Knowledge Creation Spiral of Nonaka/Takeuchi:
Socialisation Externalisation
Internalisation Combination
implicit
explicit
explicitimplicit
from
to
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Experience Management (EM)
• deals with the management of experiential knowledge within an organization
• main problems:– How to make experiential knowledge explicit?– How to find (retrieve) it when it is needed? – Support of EM processes by tools, – Integration with the usual business processes
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
State-of-the-art EM Systems
• CBR systems: experiential knowledge in cases, user-triggered retrieval processes
• Ontology-based systems: Ontology = hierarchy of concepts, user browses through domain ontology
• Communities of practise: regular meetings of experts, user participates or deals with documentations of the meetings
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
EM Systems in Long-Term Use
• EM systems learn:– New experiential knowledge which is stored for
the users– Internal knowledge to execute or improve the
systems’ core tasks
• During usage, EM systems collect an own treasury of experiences!
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M. Minor, M. Wernicke German Workshop on Experience Management, April 2003
Knowledge Sorts of the Treasury
• Knowledge contents (in CBR: the cases)• Own immanent experiences of the system:
– Work history of knowledge pieces– Indexing and other background knowledge– Valuating knowledge– Social knowledge– Knowledge about users