The ESS and the challenge of designing its cryomodules

Wolfgang HeesESS - Group Leader Cryogenics & Vacuum2011-10-06, Thomas Jefferson Lab

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ESS in generalNeutronsOrganisationScheduleLinacCryogenicsCryomodulesHybrid design

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➼ average beam power 5 MW➼ proton energy 2.5 GeV ➼ 2.86 ms pulses @ 14 Hz ➼ length: 500 m ➼ 1 target station ➼ 22 instruments

European Spallation Source – a pan-European research centre

- a world-leading facility for materials research and life science - scientists will use neutrons to study the materials of tomorrow – from plastics and proteins to motors and molecules- spallation uses a high-power proton beam to extract neutrons from a heavy metal target

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ESS in Lund

• Neutron Source and Synchrotron Light Source on same site: ESS & MAX-IV

• World leading cluster of science facilities: XFEL, PETRA at 200 miles

• Excellent communications:- 35 minutes to CPH airport- 125 destinations- high speed rail link to Stockholm & Hamburg- a crossroads for 10 european countries

• Öresund region: an intellectual capital- 10’000 scientists- 140’000 students- Lund university is 3rd largest attractor of EU R&D funds

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The ESS site

Why neutrons ?

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wave particle magnetic moment neutral

Diffractometers measure structures where atoms and molecules are

10−9 … 10−10 m

Spectrometers measure dynamics (what atoms and molecules do)

1 - 80 meV

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Science with neutronsMaterials science Bio-technology Nano science Energy Technology Hardware for IT Engineering science

- Neutrons can provide unique and information on almost all materials.

- Information on both structure and dynamics simulaneously. ”Where are the atoms and what are they doing?”

- 5000 users in Europe today Access based on peer review.

- Science with neutrons is limited by the intensity of today’s sources

Berkeley 37-inch cyclotron

350 mCiRa-Be source

Chadwick

1930 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020

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1010

1015

1020

1

ISIS

Pulsed Sources

ZINP-P

ZINP-P/

KENSWNRIPNS

ILL

X-10

CP-2

Steady State Sources

HFBR

HFIRNRUMTRNRX

CP-1

1940 1950 1960

Effe

ctiv

e th

erm

al n

eutro

n flu

x n/

cm2 -

s

(Updated from Neutron Scattering, K. Skold and D. L. Price, eds., Academic Press, 1986)

Evolution of the performance of neutron sources

FRM-IISINQ

SNS

High time average and peak flux

ESS

J-PARC

Long Pulse and cold neutrons

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•Many research reactors in Europe are aging and will be closed before 2020

•There is a urgent need for a new high flux cold neutron source in Europe

“Pulsed cold neutrons will always be long pulsed as a result of the moderation process”

F. Mezei, NIM A, 2006

300 kj/pulse

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 0,0

2,0x10 13

4,0x10 13

6,0x10 13

8,0x10 13

1,0x10 14

1,2x10 14

1,4x10 14

1,6x10 14

Inst

anta

neou

s br

ight

ness

[n/c

m

2 /s/s

tr/Å

]

Time [ µ s]

Data  Management

ESS  AB  Board  

CEOC.  Carlile

Accelerator Target Conven9onal  Facili9es Instruments

Administra9onDirector

MachineDirector

ScienceDirector

Steering  Comm  (STC)

Adm  Financial  Comm

ProgrammeDirector

ProgrammmeOffice

Science  Adv.  CommTechnology  Adv.  Comm

Preconstruc9on

Construc9on

Opera9on  Phase

Collabora9on  Partners

Neutron  Science

ESS Organisation

Sweden, Denmark and Norwaycover 50% of cost

17 Partners today

The remaining ESS members states together with EIB cover the rest!

International collaboration

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Technical R&Din global research networks

• Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin• FZ Jülich (Target)• DESY / X-FEL, Hamburg• KIT, Karlsruhe (Neutronenlinien)• Uni Rostock (HOMs)• Uni Darmstadt (FAIR)• HZ Rossendorf (Dresden)• TU München (FRM2 Reaktor)• GKSS, Geesthacht• Fraunhofer Institut (ISE)

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A sustainable research facility

RenewableCarbondioxide: - 120 000 ton/year

RecyclableCarbondioxide:- 15 000 ton/year

ResponsibleCarbondioxide:- 30 000 ton/year

ResponsibleCarbondioxide:- 30 000 ton/year

⇓Energy efficiency

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ESS construction cost estimates Investment: 1478 M€ / ~10yOperations: 106 M€ / yDecomm. : 346 M€ (Prices per 2008)

2011 2020

250 M€

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ESS personnel

2011 2025

450

ESS Project Status

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inst.

designprototype

seriesdesign

manuf.

← first protons on target

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 20192012

Accelerator Milestones & Cryomodules

concept

ESS project strategy

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

TDR with cost and Schedule

International convention signed

Design Update Construction project

First protons

P2B projects: prototypes

Cryomodule production starts

First neutrons

DU DUP2B

Const.

P2B

Const.

P2B

18

inst.design prototype seriesdesign

manufacturing

ESS linac tunnel

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LINAC layout

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Length (m) Input Energy (MeV)

Frequency (MHz)

Geometric β # of Sections

Temp (K)

RFQ 5 75 × 10-3 352.2 -- 1 ≈ 300

DTL 19 3 352.2 -- 3 ≈ 300

Spoke 58 50 352.2 0.50 14 (2c) ≈ 2

Low Beta 108 200 704.4 0.70 16 (4c) ≈ 2

High Beta 196 500 704.4 0.90 15 (8c) ≈ 2

HEBT 100 2500 -- -- -- --

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The Cryogenic Systems of ESS

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• linac: extrapolation estimate: 14 kW @4.5K equiv.supplied at 2 K + screen temps.

• target:TD heat load calculations: 68 kW @20K(15 kW @4.5K equiv.) supplied at < 20K

• instruments:interpolated from ILL: 17 l/h LHe (35 l/h peak) → liquefier cap. 45 l/h200 l/h LN2 (delivery based solution)

• labs, test stands etc ...

➚ almost an LHC cryoplant

➚ and another one

Cryogenics Infrastructure

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vacuumworkshop building

cryo & vacuumstorage

gas storageGHe

gas storageGHe

ESS Cryogenics and Vacuum - Space Requirements - First Draft Estimate2011-02-18, W. Hees, ESS-AD

200 m

15 m

klystron gallerytarget

access road

LN2 dewar

linaccompressor

building

linaccoldbox building

T&E compressor

building

vacuumworkshop building

cryogenicsworkshop building

cryo & vacuumstorage

T&Ecoldbox building

HEBTlinac

@Tcryo: 330 m 100 m

TL

TL

alternative placement

plan view

cross sectionA:A

A

A

klystron gallery

CV bldg

acc

12 m

transfer line gallerytechnical gallery

metal structure buildings: 2000 m2concrete buildings: 1000 m2gas storage area: 1000 m2

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Cryomodules’ boundary conditionsPhysical boundaries, tunnel geometry etc ...

ESS linac tunnel:• cross section: 5 x 3.5 m2 TBC

• length: 492 m (360 m cold linac)

• slope: none• space for external

cryoline, valveboxes and jumper connections

• space for CM with diameter ∼ 1000 mm

transport

cables, pipes, waveguides etc ....

Specification

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• temperature: 2 K• 8 cavities, 2 sc quads• alignment: 0.5 mm• possibility to service individually• reduced heat load• transportable (<12.3 m)

utilitymodule

70K

2011-07-11, W. Hees, ESS

Generic Cryomodule

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70K

2K 2K 2K 2K 2K 2K2K 2K

hybrid design

300K

open questions:• assess advantages - heat load gains vs cooling load & cost• cryogenic design - cooling of utility module• mechanical design - vacuum jacket bellows etc ...

BIBI

2011-07-01, W. Hees, ESS

Reducing heat load

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open questions:• assess advantages - heat load gains vs cooling load & cost• cryogenic design - cooling of utility module• mechanical design - vacuum jacket, bellows etc ...

Hybrid design (proposal)

SNS-type module

Approx.  to  scale

80K  shield+  MLI

300K  space  frame

Crossed  spokes

External  magneCc  shield  on  space  frame

Internal  magneCc  shield  on  He  vessel

MLI

Vacuum  vessel

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XFEL type cryomodule

Cryomodule Design Strategy

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Design of spoke CMs‣ IPNO (Duthil et al) preliminary work has started

Who will design the elliptical CMs ?‣ limited options: JLab, FNAL, IPNO‣ decision to be taken before end of 2011

(workshop in November 2011)Where to do manufacturing and testing ?‣ assumption: re-use of XFEL line Saclay/DESY‣ other options to be studied‣ industry involvment at different levels

Cryomodule Prototypes

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20.5 CMS:  Cryomodule,  Spoke

20.6 CMH:  Cryomodule,  high-­‐beta

20.7 CML:  Cryomodule,  low  beta

20.8 CMT:  Cryo  design  test,  conCnuous/segmented/hybrid

20.9 CMT:  Cryomdoule  CERN-­‐SPL

AP2B WP

Next steps

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• Improve cryomodule concept & requirements !

• Find someone to design the elliptical cryomodules !

Conclusion

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Because:

a) aggressive scheduleb) ambitious spec.c) no designer (yet)

It’s a challenge !

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