The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

Delhi, India

13th September, 2012 – Afternoon Session

European Space Policy &

European Single Sky

Luc TYTGAT, Director Single Sky

From the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation(EUROCONTROL)

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European Union Transport Policy

White Paper 2001 – ‘European transport policy for 2010: time to decide’ In line with Sustainable Development Strategy adopted earlier by the European Council Contains European Commission’s 60 measures aimed at:

• shifting balance between modes of transport;

• revitalising railways;

• promoting transport by sea and inland waterways;

• and controlling air transport growth Air transport related measures

Siim KallasVice-President European Commission,Commissioner for Transport

‘Efficient transport is a precondition for maintaining the EU’s prosperity.

Transport is also an important part of the economy itself: many European

companies are world leaders in infrastructure, logistics and the

manufacture of transport equipment and traffic management systems.’

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European Space Policy (2007)

Policy statements

European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency (ESA) jointly committed to peaceful exploitation of outer space European decision to maintain an independent, reliable and cost-effective access to space Developments like GALILEO (European GNSS) and EGNOS (European SBAS) demonstrate Europe's independence and readiness to assume global responsibilities Priority to space policy as it has far-reaching connections with many other EU policy areas

Two Main Axes

Space Exploration led by European Space Agency

Space Exploitation under the auspices and with the support of the European Commission

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Space Exploration (ESA)

Global Exploration Strategy: common framework for 14 space agencies, vision for human space exploration, action plan to share efforts of individual nations, partnership between humans and robots is essential to the success of such ventures

International Space Station (ISS): partnership with US, Russia, Japan and Canada, 360 tons, 820 cubic metres of pressurised space, crew of six persons, suited for testing spacecraft systems and equipment for missions to Moon and Mars, funded until 2020, may operate until 2028, ESA responsible for Columbus laboratory and Automated Transfer Vehicle

Columbus: multifunction laboratory specialised in fluid physics, materials science and life sciences

PromISSe mission: six-month (Dec 2011-Jul 2012) on ISS over 50 experiments benefits of space science, technology and education brought back to Earth

Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV): largest servicing vehicle for ISS, The ATV carries up to 7 tonnes of cargo including provisions, scientific payloads and rocket propellant, delivers essential cargo, performs regular ISS orbit reboosts and attitude control manoeuvres, 3 successful launches, 4th launch towards ISS at the beginning of 2013

Concordia: station in Antarctica, preparation for human exploration

Lunar Lander: autonomous lander capable of cargo and logistics delivery to extend Moon surface exploration

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Earth observationThe Global Monitoring for Environment and Security programme (GMES) will:- provide autonomous access to information on environment, climate change and security- improve Europe's monitoring, assessment and decision-making capacity in crucial areas

Satellite communications - Broadcasting and telecommunications satellites: 40 % of revenues of European space sector- Strong growth still foreseen- EU will support adoption of innovative services and technology developments to achieve interoperability between terrestrial and satellite-based networks

Security and defence - Space assets will bring a significant contribution to increasing security of European citizens- Coordination between EU's defence and civilian space programmes needs to improve

Satellite navigation - GALILEO worldwide satellite radio-navigation system: strategic and priority infrastructure

Space Exploitation (EC)

Ensuring political, economic and social returns Develop and exploit space applicationsthat meet needs of enterprises and citizens

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Launchers Flexible range of 4 launchers

Liftoff mass and payload ESA-developed Ariane 5 ATV: Liftoff mass=760 tons Lofting GALILEO and ATV 10t to GTO and 20t into LEO ESA-developed Ariane 5 ECA: Liftoff mass=780 tons Dual launches of very large satellites 10t+ to GTO ESA-developed Vega: Liftoff mass=137 tons Small and medium satellites 1.5t to polar and LEO Russian Soyuz-ST: Liftoff mass= 305 tons

3.2t to GTO and 4.4t to SSO

Launch pad in French Guiana

European operator for launches Arianespace (founded in 1980): European single operator, world’s first satellite launch company Shareholders: French space agency (CNES), Astrium and all the European space companies, representing 10 European countries 80 contracts signed with customers, 208 Ariane launches, more than half of the commercial satellites in service worldwide, 26 Soyuz launches, 1 Vega launch

Space Policy Implementation

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GALILEORationale Economic impact: satellite navigation = 7% of EU Growth Development Product (GDP) Interoperability with GPS ensured Better coverage over Northern Europe than GPS Enabler for precision area navigation and approach (even if no ground aid at airport)

5 main GALILEO services Operational 2014 - Open Service (OS) (for all, free, time and position) Operational 2014 – Search & Rescue (SAR)

- real time process of emergency signals, instead of 1 hour delay today + acknowledgement - position accuracy: a few metres, instead of 5 km in remote areas today

Operational 2014 - Public Regulated Service (PRS)- location+time for special users like police, armed forces- PRS will be maintained even when OS is not operational (terrorism, spoofing)

Operational 2018 - Commercial Service (CS)- not free of charge- use of two encrypted signals for increased accuracy

Operational 2018 - Safety of Life Service (SoL): air navigation

Satellites on orbit 2011: 2 28 Sep 2012: 4 2014: 18 2018: 30 (incl. 6 spare)

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Galileo Safety of Life service based on global integrity abandoned

Galileo Open Service can be used by aviation with augmentations based on:- Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)- or Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS)- or Ground Based Augmentation System (GBAS)

3 potential next steps:

1) Horizontal positioning worldwide: from 18 to 30 GALILEO satellites + GPS L1/L5 + horizontal RAIM

2) Vertical positioning in Europe: GALILEO/GPS augmented by EGNOS V3

3) Vertical positioning worldwide: GPS + GALILEO with Advanced RAIM

GPS L1/L5, GALILEO and future SBAS possibly assessed against the same Minimum Operational Performance Standard (developed by both EUROCAE and RTCA for airborne or ground sub-systems)

GALILEO in aviation

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OS

SAR

PRS

CS

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Early service

Early servicePilot project

Early service

Ser

vice

Stable signals

Stable signals

Early serviceDemonstrator

Galileo Early Services Provision Timeline

Acceleration of Galileo’s deployment: 3 more contracts signed in February 2012: Additional order for 8 satellites Adaptation of Ariane 5 for Galileo Booking of one Ariane 5

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Threat to Navigation

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Rules based on principles discussed with the Member States

Member States, European Council, European Commission and the European External Action Service have the right to unlimited and uninterrupted access to PRS, worldwide- Member States will decide independently on authorised PRS users - Council, Commission and European External Action Service will decide which

categories of agents are authorised to be PRS users

Union agencies may become PRS participants only if: necessary to fulfil their tasks relevant administrative agreement is concluded with the Commission

Non-EU states or international organisations could become PRS users, provided: a security Agreement exists between EU and the state/organisation an Agreement defining the access modalities is concluded with EU

Access Rules for Public Regulated Service (PRS)

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19 April 2023 The European GNSS Programmes 12

Galileo Governance

European Commission

Development contracts

Political oversight

Programme management

Delegation

Council and European Parliament

European GNSS Programme Committee

Execution

European Commission

Independentadvisors

European GNSS Agency European Space Agency

Assistance and delegation

Deployment contracts

Assistance tasks to EC

Tasks delegated by EC

Market preparation

Security accreditation, Galileo Security Monitoring Centre

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EGNOSRationale Greater accuracy obtained from GALILEO and GPS through signals received from Augmentation Systems = geostationary satellites + ground stations GPS position accuracy - without augmentation: 17m - with augmentation: 3m use for flight approach and landing EGNOS: the European SBAS for GALILEO and GPS EGNOS provides integrity function to inform crew when basic GNSS not fully operational

EGNOS Operations EGNOS already operational, free of charge EGNOS interoperability ensured same receiver for all SBAS

3 main EGNOS services Open Service since 2009 Safety of Life Service since 2011: informs within 6 seconds of any GNSS disruption Commercial Service: all satellite-based information (from GALILEO as from 2018) are already made available via the ground stations (useful in case of poor signals)

BenefitsGALILEO+EGNOS benefits for EU over 2010-2027: 90 B€ + intangible benefits

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EGNOS in aviation

Facts EGNOS SOL service declared operational (2011) European Satellite Services Provider (ESSP) certified (2011) Vertical GNSS position for the first time in Europe EGNOS can be used in 90 ‘Approach with Vertical Guidance’ procedures (Jan 2012) EGNOS can support all Performance Based Navigation applications EUROCONTROL coordinating EGNOS operational implementation: around 100 approach procedures designed and 500 aircraft equipped (June 2012)

Next steps Long tem commitment and free of charge service (EU funding to foster operational implementation in aviation) EGNOS good and stable performance will enable:

to face technical, ionospheric and governance challenges (2012-2016) implementation of 37th ICAO Assembly resolution a cost-effective solution for:

- airports replacing conventional Non Precision Approach without deploying ILS

- General, Business and Regional aviation, helicopters and some heavy aircraft (e.g. Beluga, Airbus 350)

EGNOS extension to all ECAC States (44) to form part of European ATM Network

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Worldwide market for “GNSS-enabled” civil applications:

around €236 billions in 2025 per year.

GNSS Market

Time2025

€236 billion

2009

€140 billion

Europe’s policy is:

to consider GNSS based applications as a means of contributing to sustainable development to provide the requited support and appropriate governance

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

European Single Sky

European Union (EU): political impetus Treaties, like Rome Treaty (1957) Lisbon Treaty (2007

European Commision (EC): executive arm of EU Policies, like(excluding military aspects) Transport Policy

Space Policy + EC/DG Enterprise+ ESA relevant Initiatives like

Single Sky

EUROCONTROL: intergovernmental organisation Expert support(including military aspects) like support to Single Sky implementation

Support is comprehensive, requires coordination ICAO, EC, States / CAAs, Air Navigation Services Providers, Airspace Users, Airports, Military, Industry, Standardisation organisations, etc.

EUROCONTROL: Focal expert organisation for Single Sky

Institutional Outline- From political orientation towards efficient implementation -

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One Day Traffic (2011)

Main Origin of Europe’s Challengesin Air Traffic Management

2000: 8 million flights 2030: 17 million

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European ATM in Figures (2011)

• States: 40

• Separation between regulatory oversight and service provision

• Air Navigation Service Providers: civil and military

• Control: 68 Centres; 670 Sectors; +/- 430 Towers

• Capacity and flow management: 1 (EUROCONTROL)

• Airports: 100 with more than 3.5 million passengers

• Air Traffic Controllers: 16.700

(60% in en-route control centres)

• Support staff: 40.000

• Cost of air navigation services: 8.3 billion Euros Airports and airlines: 670.000 people

Air transport sector: 3.2 million people

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CAPACITY SHORTAGE (inability to meet traffic demand)Capacity available under-utilised• Sub-optimal human resources management• Information not managed system-wide• Decision-making insufficiently collaborativeAdditional capacity slow to create• Long maturation for R&D products and services• Complexity of coordination before implementation

Impact: delay objective rarely met

HIGH COST (recurrent result of fragmentation)ANS provision: Euros 8.3 billions• Sub-optimal procurement, development and maintenance• Multiplication of support (training, administration, R&D)

ANS quality of service related costs: Euros 5.2 billions• Flow management delays: Euros 1.5 billions• Flight inefficiencies: Euros 3.7 billions

Impact: ANS insufficient quality of service contributes 38% of total costs for

airspace users (2011)

Main shortcomings in ATM performance(over last 15 years)

2010 Europe USADifference

USA vs. EU

Costs per controlled flight

440 770 + 75%

Report produced by:- EUROCONTROL Performance review Commission- FAA Air Traffic Organization System Operations Services

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Main Obstacle to Further Improvementin European ATM

Expert views before 2000 Further improvements are still possible but not commensurate with criticality of challenges for 2030+ (average annual traffic growth: 2.8%)

2000-2010 - Decade to: assess the obstacle faced by European ATM take strategic initiatives and start implementation of change

Main obstacle: FRAGMENTATION

Main objective: Moving the obstacle through DEFRAGMENTATION

Example: De-fragmented airspace organisationbased on traffic flows 9 Functional Airspace Blocks (FABs) as from 04.12.2012

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European legacy system: juxtaposition of national systems

Insufficient (lack of) data exchange across national/local computer systems Obstacle to global interoperability severe impact on capacity

EUROCONTROL actions: 3 European standards for critical data exchange

Radar data exchange between radar data processing systems (Edition 1.0 in1991)

Exchange between adjacent flight data processing systems of basic data concerning airborne flights (Edition 1.0 in 1992, Edition 4.2 in 2010)

Exchange of complete sets of flight data across Europe (Edition 1.0 in 1993, Edition 3.1 in 2011)

Fragmentation in Information Management

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Inefficient decision-making: ATM improvements decided through unanimity slow results at European level

Change in governance achieved: EUROCONTROL Revised Convention

Intergovernmental agreements on objectives and strategiesin ATM are not enough since implementation:

is still addressed at the national level

and cannot be enforced

Institutional change implemented: EC participates in EUROCONTROL decision-making

Airports not in the loop an obstacle towards the ‘gate-to-gate’ concept implementation

Stakeholder involvement policy and working arrangements in place

Un-coordinated research in ATM Major streamlining achieved

Gap in technology between ground-based and airborne systems return on investment for airspace users slower than expected

Navigation strategy based on satellite

Fragmentation in Other Areas

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Historic reiterated commitments

About the EUROCONTROL Revised Convention• ‘Implementing a uniform air navigation system will contribute

to Europe's development and benefit the air transport industry at large’.

About the Single European Sky

• ‘EUROCONTROL is totally committed  to this strategic initiative, providing its expert support to the European Commission’.

• ‘The Single European Sky is to be another historical breakthrough in the same vein as the single currency and the single market’.

Mr Siim Kallas, European Commission's Vice-President,Commissioner for Transport

Mr Jacques Barrot, European Commission's Vice-President,Commissioner for Transport

Ms Loyola De Palacio, European Commission's Vice-President, Commissioner for Transport & Energy

About Transport Network deficiencies • White Paper

Mr Karel Van Miert,Commissioner for Transport & Consumer Protection

Political Impetus and Support to Single Sky and EUROCONTROL

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Regulatory initiative taken by European Union (EU) to DEFRAGMENT the European ATM system with EUROCONTROL invited to support the European Commission (executive arm of the EU)

Single Sky Applicability: 40 States

Scope:• General regulatory framework (who does what)• Specific regulations in - service provision

- airspace management- all operational and technical aspects of ATM contributing to interoperability

Single Sky does not relate not to commercial aspects of air transport

Single Sky Rationale

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The Five Single Sky Pillars

Performance• Binding performance targets on Air Navigation Service Providers• High level network management functions• Acceleration in FAB implementation

Safety• Extension of European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) competence• Oversight function of National Supervisory Authorities extended

Capacity• Focus on airports• Airports seen as an integral part of

the European ATM network

Technology• EC/EUROCONTROL/European industry

Joint Undertaking to drive technological improvements

Human Factor• Acknowledged as the overriding enabler of change

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EUROCONTROL Mission Evolution

1960’: common European Air Traffic Control system in the upper airspace

Single European Sky idea 50 years ago… sovereignty issue

1990’: uniform Air Traffic Management System for civil and military users

Harmonise and integrate Air Navigation Services… regulatory power issue

Today: performance-driven Single European Sky

Support regulator and States to implement…

no issue any more

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EUROCONTROL New Role

Research

Joint UndertakingIn ATM Research:

SESAR Programme

(up to 2016)

Operate/Coordinate

NetworkManager

FAB

FAB

FAB

FAB

FAB

FAB

EC

EASA

Regulate

NSAs

• Founding member of Joint Undertaking

• Major contributor

• Longer term research

• Network management

• Deployment coordination

• Air navigation charges

• Technical support

• Performance review

EUROCONTROL

FAB = Functional Airspace BlockNSA = National Supervisory Authority SESAR = Single European Sky ATM Research

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European ANS Costs RecoveryAir Traffic Control

(Delegation from 4 States)

SINGLE SKY SUPPORT• Support to policy setting

• Regulatory support to EC

• Support to:

- Safety Regulation Commission

- European Aviation Safety Agency

• Support to EU Emissions Trading Scheme

• ATM Performance review

• Single Sky implementation planning and reporting

Pan-EuropeanNetwork Management

Air Traffic Management Research

EU related tasks

EUROCONTROL Agency Functions

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European ANS Costs RecoveryAir Traffic Control

(Delegation from 4 States)

SINGLE SKY SUPPORT

•Functional Airspace Blocks review

•Implementation support to States

•Civil-Mil ATM Coordination including in Aviation

Security

•Extension of Single Sky to pan-European spheres

Pan-EuropeanNetwork Management

Air Traffic Management Research

EU non related tasks

EUROCONTROL Agency Functions

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Overarching Understanding Single Sky needs to meet both civil and military requirements Addressing requirements separately is inefficient

Institutional Context

EU may not regulate military operations EUROCONTROL

• unique intergovernmental civil-military organisation in ATM• entrusted by its member States with responsibility for civil-military (ATM) coordination• interacting with NATO (on military CNS and ATM security)

EUROCONTROL Military expertise used to support:

Flexible Use of Airspace implementation (airspace segregation for military use can only be temporary) Mil/Mil and Civ/Mil systems interoperability Collaborative Decision-Making between civil and military Adoption by States of measures in ATM security Mutual understanding of civil and military ATM-related requirements (notably in R&D) Adoption of a common civil-military performance-based approach Harmonisation of military requirements and adoption of best practices

Military Requirements within Single Sky

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EUROCONTROL’s concept of Flexible Use of Airspace

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Single Sky and Environment

EUROCONTROL On-going ActionsEnvironmental expertise provided to Member States, EC and aviation communityto help measure, monitor and mitigate the impact. In technology Leadership of relevant SESAR projects

• Environmental Impact Assessment Toolset• Environmental Key Performance Indicators• Regulatory and Environmental Risk• Environment Co-ordination Function

Coordination of SESAR work with Clean Sky (integration of advanced technologies for reduction of noise and gaseous emission)

In regulatory areas Provision of a support facility (flight data) within the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS)

• ETS Competent Authorities (from 21 States so far)• Aircraft Operators

Regulatory support to:• European Union (EC/MOVE and CLIMA, EASA, European Environment Agency)• UN Framework Convention on Climate Change through the ICAO Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection• Specifications for the Collaborative Environmental Management function

Assessment of ATM changes from environmental perspective (FABs, airports, TMAs…)

Requirement from European CommissionEC’s Single Sky includes a specific target forreducing aviation’s negative impact on environment.

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Single European Sky: a single research programme

• Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research (SESAR Programme)

a single ATM R&D programme in Europe

• Public-private partnership

• Innovation from private sector• Financial stability & enforcement power from public sector

• 2 founding members:

• 15 industry members:

• Budget• Planning and development: 2 B€ till 2016 • Deployment: 30 B€ till 2030

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Gate-to-gate system integration

One dynamic airspace continuum

Co-operative ATM

4D Trajectory & Contracts

New roles / task distribution for pilots and controllers

Airborne separation assistance

Collaborative Decision Making

ATM / Airline operations / Airport

Airport Airside / Landside

System-Wide Information Management & Interoperability

Exploit satellite technology (GALILEO & communications)

SESAR Solutions towards Increased Performance

GALILEOSatellite

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The EU-wide performance targets 2012-2014Commission Decision (2011/121/EU) of 21 February 2011

KPA KPI for EU-wide

targetBaseline

(2009)EU-wide targets for 2014

EnvironmentAverage horizontal

en route flight-efficiency

4.5% of additional distance

- 0.75% vs 2009 baseline

CapacityEn route ATFM

delay 0.9 min / flight 0.5 min/flight

Cost-efficiency

Average en route determined unit

rate(€ 2009 prices)

€63.8 /Service Unit

€53.92 for 2014

with intermediate values:

€57,88 for 2012

€55,87 for 2013

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Single Sky Environmental Target

EU-wide target : 0.75% reduction of en-route flight extension between 2009 and 2014• Strategic environmental objectives

• No increase in ANS-related emissions, while traffic increases• Carbon-neutral growth of aviation as far as ANS is concerned• Significant contribution to sustainable development of aviation

• Environmental benefits• 500k tons CO2 in 2014 vs 2009 performance

• Economic benefits• € 200M in 2014 vs 2009 (flight time and fuel burn)

3,0%

3,5%

4,0%

4,5%

5,0%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

-0.75% points

vs. 2009

Actual baseline

Current enhancement plans (-0.6% points vs. 2009)

EU-wide target

% of horizontal en route extension

Performance indices (100 in 2009)

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

120

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Traffic

Emissions

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Positive Impact of on Airspace Users- 2010 against 2009 -

In 2010, the increase in ATCO-hour productivity (+6.7%) was accompanied by a decrease in employment costs per ATCO-hour (-5.0%), thereby resulting in a substantial decrease in ATCO employment costs per composite flight-hour (-11.0%). Figure 7-15 also indicates that while traffic volumes increased by +2.1%, support costs reduced by -2.9%, resulting in a decrease in support costs per composite flight-hour (-4.9%). The central part of Figure 7-15 shows that between 2009 and 2010, given the respective weights of ATCO employment costs (30%) and support costs (70%), unit ATM/CNS provision costs decreased by -6.8%.

1 1 1 1 1

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A Single Sky, more and more:

Performance driven

Responsive to new requirements, like UAS

Managed as a network, gate-to-gate

Pan-European (extension to other States)

Based on new technology, still human centric

With EUROCONTROL, Single Sky driven

Strengthened & institutionalised expert support to EU

Committed to results in network management and performance analysis

Acknowledged Worldwide reference (ICAO Air Navigation Conference 2012)

Way Forward for European ATM

The European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation

European Space Policy &

European Single Sky

Questions & Answers