the eu, thatcher, and yugoslavia. post-war need for unity after world war 2, europe needed better...
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The EU, Thatcher, and Yugoslavia
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Post-War Need for Unity
• After World War 2, Europe needed better friendship between countries to preserve peace
• Political union was rife with potential conflict and disagreement
• Military union suggested frightening implications: enemies, corruptible power, potential conflict
• Economic unity was easy to suggest, beneficial to many, did not require much sacrifice
• EU emphasizes that European nations’ commonalities are greater than their differences First steel ingot created under European
Steel and Coal community
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Towards an EU• 1951: European Coal and
Steel Community: France, West Germany, Italy, Benelux
• 1957: Treaty of Rome created “European Economic Community”– EEC abolished all tariffs
between member nations, and allowed labor migration
– Join European nations together to increase clout to near status of 2 superpowers
– 1961 UK desired admission, but vetoed by France until 1973
– 1973: UK, Ireland, Denmark joined
– 1982: Spain, Portugal, Greece joined
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Toward the Euro Currency• 1991: Treaty of Maastricht
– Common currency planned for EEC
– Common central bank for EEC area
– Renamed as European Union• 1999: Most EU members
joined the Euro zone, adopting single currency
• Britain and Denmark did not, and retained own central banks and currencies
• 2004: EU accepted 10 new member nations, mostly from eastern Europe– But not yet into Euro zone;
currency and fiscal stability must be proved first
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The EU Today• Organization to which member
states have delegated some sovereignty so that decisions on specific matters of joint interest can be made democratically at the European level.
• Common market, without tariffs between countries and without immigration restrictions
• Works to make decisions about– Trade and the economy– Citizens’ rights– Ensuring freedom, security and
justice– Job creation– Regional development– Environmental protection– Making globalization work for
everybody
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Margaret Thatcher’s UK• Conservative prime minister 1979-
1990; staunch Reagan ally• Became PM determined to reverse
decline of UK: inflation, unemployment; elected 3 times– Deregulation– Sold off public facilities to private
industry– Weakened unions: 1984-5 coal
miners strike• Gov’t to close 20 state-owned
mines• Miners struck for over a year• Violence at picket lines wounded
20,000• Miners’ union finally gave in
without concessions• By 1992, 97 pits closed and rest
sold to private industry• 1982 Falklands War: UK defended
Falkland Islands against Argentine junta’s attack
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Yugoslavian Civil War• Marshal Tito ruled unified Yugoslavia
since 1940: strong central authority kept ethnicities together
• 1980: Tito died, and ethnicities began to fragment
• 1990: Slovenia and Croatia declared independence
• 1991: Croatian Serbs demanded safeguards: Serbian army attacked Croatia
• Serbia and Croatia attempted to divide Bosnia-Herzegovina: Serbian army led ethnic cleansing
• 1994: NATO bombed Serbia; Serbia withdrew from Bosnia
• 1999: Serbia attempted to force Albanians from Kosovo: NATO air strikes forced Serbian forces from Kosovo
• Serbian leader Milosovic tried before UN criminal court: died in custody
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Current EU Membership