the engineered lost circulation materials

8/10/2019 The Engineered Lost Circulation Materials

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THE ENGINEERED LOST CIRCULATION MATERIALS OF

DRILLING SPECIALTIES COMPANY

OVERVIEW

Over the last 65 plus years Drilling Specialties Company has introduced a variety ofunique LCMs (lost circulation materials) designed to meet specific needs of thedrilling industry. Now a big part of our business these products address short fallsin the drilling fluids industries line up of materials used to remedy or prevent lostcirculation.

ENGINEERED VS YARD CLIPPINGS


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TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM, introduced in 2008, is designed for casing drillingas a torque reducer and both a loss prevention material (LPM) and a loss circulationmaterial (LCM). With a broad particle size range this product reduces torque anddrag and seals fractures before they have a chance to propagate beyond repair. Casehistories in the Rockies and Alaska show this unique material reduces torque by

20% at concentrations of as little as 2ppb. (Pages 4 10)

SURE-SEAL LPM, introduced in 2008, is designed as a (LPM) to preventfractures from forming in the borehole by sealing them before they have a chance topropagate. With a defined particle size this material is an effective low costreplacement for materials such as carbonized graphite. (Pages 11 19)

WELL-SEAL LCM Fine, Medium and Coarse grades, introduced in 2009 aredesigned for use after loss of returns has occurred. WELL-SEAL LCM is aone sackformula designed to reduce the cost of stocking a variety of LCMs atthe rig locationor maintained at a stock point. This product may be used to pretreat known orsuspected loss of circulation zones but may require the by passing of the shaleshakers in order to keep it in the system. Pills of 50-100 ppb of the coarse gradematerial may be spotted at a total loss of return zone but require the drill pipe beopen ended. (Pages 20 30)

DYNA-SEALOBM Fiber Ultra Fine,Fine and Medium grades, first introducedin 2010, are designed to provide a fine micro-cellulosic fiber that will mostly passthrough a 230 mesh screen and a medium grade that will complement the fine togive a transition of sized particles to efficiently and effectively stop seepage loss.(Pages 31 44)

DynaRed FiberFine, Medium and Coarse grades, first introduced in 1994, aredesigned to provide a seepage loss material that would in the fine and mediumgrades largely pass through fine shale shaker screens and not be screened out andsent to the reserve pit. This makes this product very efficient and cost effective.(Pages 45 57)

DiasealM LCM, first introduced in 1964, was designed to seal fractures afterthey were induced or encountered and standard LCMs such as cedar fiber had been

tried but failed. Effective over a wide range of mud densities this material makes apill that may be custom designed to fit the loss of return problems on your well.DiasealM LCM is always placed with a hesitation squeeze technique. (Pages 58 93)


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ReboundLCM Regular & Fine,first introduced in 2005, is a carbon-basedmaterial used to prevent lost circulation in porous and fractured formations.Rebound LCM may be used in any drilling fluid, including water -based, diesel,mineral and synthetic oil based drilling fluids. Rebound LCM has uniqueperformance characteristics due to its manufacture with dual composition carbon,

and displays high resiliency levels under down hole conditions. When added to adrilling fluid, Rebound LCM becomes tightly compressed into porous formations

and fractures, and will expand and contract without being dislodged due to changesin differential pressure. (Pages 94 101)

Preventive LCM Plan and RecommendationsA case history by Willie Reneau Sr. Drilling Fluids Advisor to Drilling SpecialtiesCompany (Pages 102 103)

SUSTAINABLE VS UNSUSTAINABLE

The following products are made from sustainable grown materials and do notresult in the destruction of forests.

TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPMSURE-SEALLPMWELL-SEALLCM F, M, CDynaRedFiber F, M, C

DYNA-SEALOMB Fiber F, M


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TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM PRODUCT BULLETIN

INTRODUCTION

Lost circulation is the most costly mud related drilling problem, and induced

fracture lost circulation is probably the most common type faced by the oil and gasindustry. Wellbores break down and induced fracture lost circulation occurs whenthe hydraulic pressure in the wellbore exceeds the breakdown pressure of theweakest formation exposed.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM is a new loss prevention material (LPM) for use withcasing drilling operations. Specially formulated this product has a broad range ofparticles which cover a wide range of loss zone openings. TORQUE-SEAL

LCM/LPM contains particles in the right size range to achieve both loss preventionwith wellbore strengthening and more traditional loss circulation problems. Thismakes TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM multifunctional. TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM firststabilizes the borehole by plugging minute surface flaws and gravelsize pores. Iffractures begin to develop, TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM acts as a fracture propagationinhibitor by screening out at the fracture tip. The low density of TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM, with a specific gravity between 1.2 1.4 means it can be recovered andrecycled and still allow drill solids to be discarded using solids control equipment.This low density allows TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM to be added at lower mudweights than other heavier materials for unweighted drilling fluids. TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM has a minimal impact on fluid density or rheology even at

concentrations of 50 ppb and can be used in either waterbased or oilbasedsystems. TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM also acts as a torque reducer because it iscomposed of spherical materials that are hard and act as ball bearings. TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM has been used in Alaska and the Piceance basin with good success.

ADVANTAGES

Product is all natural and therefore biodegradable

Product is a high compressive strength material at >8000 psi

Product is a resilient material with an Elastic Modulus of 965 kpsi and aPercent Resiliency of 20.0%

Hardness is 3 on MOHS Scale

Works in drilling fluids of any pH

Specific gravity is between 1.2 1.4

Acid solubility in 15% HCl at 150F is 41.76% after a 16 hr. soak

Product is a low crush strength material and is less brittle than many otherLCMs such as calcium carbonate or marble chips

Product absorbs less water than many other natural LCMs

Product is granular and packs tighter than fibrous shaped LCM such as cedarfiber or mica


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TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION

0.00%

5.00%

10.00%15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%


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TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPMS EFFECT ON RHEOLOGY

Base Mud - Low Salt

2% NaCl Brine 300 ml

Bentonite 5 g

Rev Dust 30 gDristempPolymer 3 g

DriscalD Polymer 2 g

SoltexAdditive 6 g

TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM 0-50ppb

Barite for 12.5 ppg

Procedure:

Mixed ingredients in order as listed above. Sheared for 10 minutes.

Measured rheology at 120F. Measurements performed on FANN 900 with #2 bob.

Rolled for 3 hours at 350F.Cooled for 1 hour.

Measured rheology at 120F. Measurements performed on FANN 900 with #2 bob.

Results:

ppb LCM: 0 50

Initial results

600 rpm 45.9 110.7

300 rpm 32.4 72.1

6 rpm 0.9 6.2

3 rpm 0.7 4.2

PV 13.7 38.6

YP 18.8 33.5

Gels .8/.8 4.5/6.3

After Hot Roll

600 rpm 32.6 80.2

300 rpm 22 48.6

6 rpm 0.9 4.8

3 rpm 0.7 4

PV 10.6 31.6

YP 11.4 17Gels .4/1.2 .4/3.8


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TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPMS EFFECT ONRHEOLOGY

TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPMS EFFECT OF RHEOLOGY AND ES

Base Mud Oil Based Diesel

Two aliquots of 10.8 ppg Oil Based Mud (Diesel) from the field were weighted to14.0 ppg, and each one was treated with a product as described below in the tablebelow. Each sample was placed in a high temperature cell, pressurized to 100 psi,and hot rolled for 3 hours at 300F. After cooling, the rheology, ES, and HTHP fluidloss were measured and recorded. Rheology and ES were tested at 120F. HTHPfluid loss was measured at 250F and with 500 psi differential pressure.

Property/Sample Initial Properties After Hot Rolling + Product

OBM ml 350 350 350

TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM

None None 30

Barite to 14.0 ppg As needed As needed As needed

600 rpm 24 20 32

300 rpm 20 17 236 rpm 8 6.6 6.6

3 rpm 7.8 6.1 6.3

PV 4 3 9

YP 16 14 14

Gels 10sec/10 min 11/24 4/22 11/23

ES 527 531 512

HTHP FL ml 9.2 6.6 9.6

0

10

20

30

40

0 50

10.6

31.6

11.4

17

0.94.8

0.74

Pounds TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM

Hot Rolled 3 hr. @ 350F/177C

PV YP 6 rpm 3 rpm


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PICTURE OF TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM

CASE HISTORIES

TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM CASE HISTORY

A major oil and gas operator used Drilling Specialties Company TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM on a well in the Piceance Basin of Colorado. Several different lubricationtreatments were applied with these results:

A liquid lubricant was added at 1% concentration to improve the torque with nobenefit. Another liquid lubricant was tried as batch treatments and had only a slightimpact on the torque. A medium grade nut shell was circulated at 2 ppbconcentrations and mixed in alternating two hour stages. Again only a slight benefitwas seen.

The Drilling Specialties Company TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM product designed for

Casing while Drilling was circulated at 2 ppb concentrations. The mixing wasalternated at two hour intervals and a 20% reduction in torque was achieved.

This operator went on to use TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM on another project withequal success.


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TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM CASE HISTORY

By Willie Reneau

A major oil and gas operator used TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM in a casing drillingoperation in the Kuparuk Field (Alaska). The well was treated with TORQUE-SEALLCM/LPM at a concentration of 2 ppb with the goal to eliminate a string of pipe. At300 ft above the weak zone a casing drilling operation was commenced. A leak offtest (LOT) was also performed and leak off occurred at a mere 13.4 ppg equivalent.TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM was added to the mud and drilling resumed. Afterdrilling 200 ft another LOT was performed, a great improvement was noted at 16.6ppg equivalent. They drilled about 18 more feet, to the top of the C sand and didthird LOT which read 18.0 ppg equivalent this was where the test was halted, theMW equivalent could have gone higher as the 18.0 ppg reading was really aformation integrity test (FIT), since no leak off was noted. The last pipe string was

set on bottom and cemented w/o any losses. Apparently this is not a common thingin this field.

A major oil and gas operator used TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM successfully in boththe UK and Norway sector of the North Sea.

PACKAGING

TORQUE-SEAL LCM/LPM can be shipped in 50lb sacks/ 40 sacks to the pallet,

2000 lb super sacks or in the U.S. in bulk shipments. Pallet dimensions are

40 X 48 X 41-43.


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SURE-SEAL LPM TECHNICAL BULLETIN

INTRODUCTION

Lost circulation is the most costly mud related drilling problem, and induced

fracture lost circulation is probably the most common type, faced by the oil and gasindustry. Wellbores break down and induced fracture lost circulation occurs whenthe hydraulic pressure in the wellbore exceeds the breakdown pressure of theweakest formation exposed.

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

SURE-SEAL LPM is a proprietary natural Loss Prevention Material (LPM) for use inwellbore strengthening procedures. SURE-SEAL LPM significantly increases nearwell bore formation fracture resistance by inhibiting the initiation and propagationof fractures before loss circulation begins. LPMs have shown in field applications to

increase fracture resistance by 3-6 ppg and more. SURE-SEAL LPM is a costeffective LPM and can be used in either waterbased or oilbased drilling fluids.SURE-SEAL LPM is a highly durable additive that has minimal impact on fluiddensity or rheology even at concentrations of 50 ppb.

ADVANTAGES


Product is a high strength material with a compressive strength of >8000 psi

Product is a resilient material with an Elastic Modulus of 965 kpsi and a

Percent Resiliency of 20.0% Hardness is 3 on MOHS scale

Specific Gravity is between 1.2 1.4



Product is a low crush material and is less brittle than many other LCMs

such as calcium carbonate


Product is granular and packs tighter than fibrous shaped LCM such as cedarfiber or mica

Product is slightly deformable but not too deformable such that it forms abetter seal and has a lower fracture conductivity value than other deformablematerials

Product has a high temperature softening point of between 360 500 F

Product maybe used in high concentrations with minimal impact on fluiddensity

Product has minimal effects on rheology compared to other LCMs such as

cedar fiber and cotton seed hulls

Maybe used in either waterbased or oilbased fluids


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Cost effective compared to other LPMs currently on the market such as

deformable graphite

APPLICATIONS

STRENGTHENING: USINGSURE-SEAL LPM

A SIMPLE APPROACH

A method of treating for potential loss of circulation is to slug the hole with veryhigh concentrations (50 - 100 lb/bbl) of SURE-SEALLPMbut do it by spotting thehigh concentration slug across the zone of concern during trips. On trips the swaband surge pressure would effectively create fractures for a very short time and thenallow them to close. This seems like an obvious best practice and would have thepotential to give the desired result with no increase in cost or time. Spotting a pill ofSURE-SEALLPMahead prior to running casing and cement is good practice if thereis a zone exposed that is unlikely to support the cement. Running casing can give ahigh surge pressure effectively producing the equivalent of a series of shorthesitation squeezes. This gives the formation a very high concentration exposurewith the potential to seal any fracs exposed.

WELLBORE STRENGTHENING PROCEDURE

There are two ways to apply a wellbore strengthening treatment to a weak zone.1. The drilling ahead method.

2. The Pill method, formation integrity test (FIT) method or leak off test (LOT)method.

DRILLING AHEAD METHOD

Treat the entire drilling fluid system with SURE-SEALLPM and drill the weak zonewith the LCM in the drilling fluid. Since the LCM has a large particle size, the shakershave to be fitted with 20 or 40 mesh screens or coarser to keep the effectivematerial in the system (or bypass the shakers altogether). It is desirable andnecessary to keep the full particle size spectrum in the system. As the weak zone is

drilled, small short fractures will be created, but filled and plugged with the LCM.The weak zone will be sealed and strengthened. As the mud weight (density) israised, more small fractures are formed and plugged. This method is the mosteffective but is best to limit drilling to about 500 feet because of the buildup of drillsolids in the mud system. See formula below for treating the entire system. If youneed to drill further than 500 feet it is best to replace the entire system with a freshsystem.


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THE PILL METHOD

Before drilling out of the shoe, determine the depth of the expected weak section.

Conduct a formation integrity test (FIT) or leak off test (LOT). If the shoe test fails,drill this section with treated mud as far as it is necessary to get to a formation that

will have the desired rock strength. The depth will have to be predicted based onoffsets and other data. All formations below this point should be strong enough towithstand the highest ECD predicted for the rest of the well. In other words, choosea point where a drilling liner would be set.

Change shaker screens to 20 mesh or coarser, or bypass shakers. Before drillingahead, addSURE-SEALLPM and CaCO3adding CaCO3to the mud for shales is not a

functional treatment! In sands, with much larger pore throats, CaCO3 is desirable.Adding the materials through the mud hopper will ensure good mixing anddistribution throughout the mud system and prevent any plugging of MWD tools ormud motors. The special LCM blend will have to be maintained in the mud at all

times. The ECD (equivalent circulating density) at the end of this section will have tobe the maximum ECD expected at TD (total depth). This ensures that when TD isreached, the upper section will have already been exposed to this ECD with thestrengthening LCM blend in the drilling fluid. The LCM blend may be removed fromthe drilling fluid, and drilling to TD can continue as per plan, as the weak section hasbeen strengthened.

BORE HOLE STRENGTHENING: SQUEEZE PROCEDURE

SURE-SEALLPM is used as a component of a special fluid to drill formations thatwould be likely to frac with existing drilling fluid density, and which need to bestrengthened. For this application, a very clean fluid is used to keep the solidsdistribution constant. If the formation of concern is sand, then a blend of calciumcarbonate and SURE-SEALLPM may work as well as straight SURE-SEAL LPM.For shale formations straight SURE-SEAL LPM is clearly superior and the calciumcarbonate adds little if anything to hole-strengthening! This special fluid may bemixed and stored until the zone of concern is to be drilled and then used just to drillthat zone. These fluids in addition to the SURE-SEAL LPM also have a very lowfluid loss. In this case, it is desirable to run more coarse screens to avoid shakingout the coarse fraction of the material. A particle size distribution, up to the size ofthe facture, is optimal.

THE FOLLOWING ARE RECOMMENDED STEPS FOR A SQUEEZE PROCEDURE

SPOTTING/FIT METHOD OR PILL METHOD

Drill through the entire weak zone with a low mud weight, treat the zone with thespecial LCM in a series of FIT squeezes, and then drill ahead raising the mud weightas needed for pore pressure or hole stability. This method is operationally easier,but there is a risk that if the wellbore breaks down during the FIT test, the fracturemay extend so far from the wellbore that it cannot be repaired.


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Drill to the predetermined top of the stronger rock (bottom of the weak rock).Circulate the hole clean at this point. While drilling, build LCM pill volume bigenough to cover entire open hole plus 100 feet up into the casing plus 10 bbls. AddSURE-SEALLPMand CaCO3through the mud hopper to ensure good mixing of theproducts. Use the formula below to treat the entire system, except increaseSURE-

SEAL LPM concentration to 30 50 ppb. As long as it is well mixed, thisformulation should go through the MWD, mud motor and other down-hole toolswithout plugging. Check tool tolerances with manufactures or down hole drillingservice companies to reduce or prevent plugging. This pill should have goodsuspending properties to prevent dropout of the large CaCO3in the drill string.

Spot the pill in the open hole and up into the casing, leaving about 10 bbls in the drillpipe. Perform a series of FITs to drive wedges of the LCM material into the

wellbore wall at the weak zones. Pump down the drill pipe at a controlled rate ofabout bbl/min. Carefully plot pressure vs. time and carefully record volumespumped and returned. When the pressure/volume line is definitely bending over,

stop pumping. If the well breaks down, stop pumping immediately to limit thegrowth of the fracture. If the fracture gets too far from the wellbore, the methodmay fail. Bleed the pressure off over about a minute, if possible. If the zone ispermeable wait 5 minutes to do the next FIT to allow any leak off to occur in thefracture. Repeat until the desired wellbore pressure is achieved. Some mud shouldhave been lost to the formation (not returned when pressure released). Thisindicates that mud with the LCM blend was forced into short fractures and leakedoff. For a long zone, this might be 2-10 bbls.

This section should now be strengthened. Circulate the pill out of the hole and

either separate it for use as a later LCM pill, or let it mix into the drilling fluid. Put

the 200 mesh screens back on the shakers and drill ahead as per program.

THE FORMULATION OF THE SPECIAL LCM IS AS FOLLOWS

Formula for treating the entire mud system:

1. 15 ppb of SURE-SEAL LPM (250 600 micron) range. For a 1500 bblcirculating system, this would require 450 50lb sacks

2. 10 ppb of CaCO3in the (200 600 micron) range = 300 50 lb sacks

3. 10 ppb of CaCO3in the (50 150 micron) range = 300 50 lb sacks

4. If unweighted, 10 ppb of CaCO3 in the 5 10 micron range. If the mud hasbarite in it, then this CaCO3fraction is unnecessary.

5. For a formation with no permeability (shale, marl, and tight siltstone) themud must be ultra-low fluid loss. This would be < 0.5 ml HTHP (hightemperature high pressure) fluid loss at maximum BHT (bottom holetemperature). This can be achieved in OBM with a combination of

organophillic lignite, Gilsonite, Soltex Additive, or a polymeric fluid loss


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material, and emulsifiers. The polymeric material may be a key to getting thelow fluid loss. An O/W (oil/water) ratio of no higher than 70/30 is preferred.

Formula for treating a weak zone with a pill:

1.

Use the same formula above, except increase the SURE-SEAL LPMconcentration to 30 50 ppb.

2. For an open hole of 1000 feet with a diameter of 8.75 + 10% hole wash out apill of 100 bbls is required and will take 60 to 100 sacks of SURE-SEALLPM.Remember you must cover all the open hole plus 100 feet of casing plus 10bbl. for the drill pipe. There must be a complete distribution of particle sizesfrom the largest on down so that a filter cake will form on the large pluggingparticles at the fracture tip. The SURE-SEAL LPM has been shown to beimportant for both its particle size distribution and its characteristic ofresiliency. CaCO3 alone is not as effective, especially in impermeable rock.

When treating impermeable rock use only SURE-SEALLPM and treat at 50to 100 pounds per barrel. Using the same example above the number ofsacks of SURE-SEALLPM would then be 100 200 sacks.

3. Depending on the particle size distribution of available CaCO3, adjust theformula above. The idea is to have some CaCO3at the same size range as theSURE-SEALLPM, and some CaCO3in the size range between 50 microns and200 microns to bridge the gap between barite and the SURE-SEALLPM.

4. Note; that for long hole sections, an applied pressure at the surface exerts ahigher EMW (equivalent mud weight) pressure at the shoe than at TD (totaldepth). Calculate the range of EMW that will be applied with various applied

surface pressures.

Note: Themethod of usingSURE-SEALLPMto strengthen a wellbore must beapplied to a wellbore that has not yet broken down. Wellbore Strengthening is a

preventive procedure and treatment. Once an induced fracture has been

initiated and it extends far from the wellbore, this technique will probably not

work! It cannot be used as a corrective method for lost circulation once a

significant drilling fluid volume has been lost! SURE-SEALLPM is notrecommended for use in formations with vugular structures; open fractures; or

in shallow gas zones that are loosely consolidated with gravel and or large

pores.


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SURE-SEAL LPMPARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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SURE-SEALLPM EFFECT ON RHEOLOGY

Base Mud Low S alt

2% NaCl Brine 300 mlBentonite 5 g

Rev Dust 30 gDristemp 3 gDriscal D 2 gSoltex 6 gSure Seal 0-66ppbBarite for 12.5 ppg

Procedure:

Mixed ingredients in order as listed above. Sheared for 10 minutes.Measured rheology at 120F. Measurements performed on FANN 900 with #2bob.

Rolled for 3 hours at 350F.Cooled for 1 hour.Measured rheology at 120F. Measurements performed on FANN 900 with #2bob.

Results:

ppbLCM:

0 30 50 66

Initial

600 rpm 45.9 105 126.9 192.4300 rpm 32.4 73.5 91.6 1376 rpm 0.9 13.2 23.2 733 rpm 0.7 12.2 19 71.3PV 13.7 31.5 35.3 55.4YP 18.8 42 56.3 81.6Gels .8/.8 6.6/7.7 10/13.2 52.9/31.1

After HotRoll600 rpm 32.6 45.2 63.3 132.1300 rpm 22 28.9 40.9 80.26 rpm 0.9 2.4 6.1 83 rpm 0.7 1.7 5.7 7.5PV 10.6 16.3 22.4 51.9

YP 11.4 12.6 18.5 28.3Gels .4/1.2 .5/3.4 6.9/8.6 6.2/12.5


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SURE-SEALLPM EFFECT ON RHEOLOGY AND ES

Base Mud Oil Based Diesel

Two aliquots of 10.8 ppg Oil Based Mud (Diesel) from the field were weightedto 14.0 ppg, and each one was treated with a product as described below in thetable below. Each sample was placed in a high temperature cell, pressurized to

100 psi, and hot rolled for 3 hours at 300F. After cooling, the rheology, ES, andHTHP fluid loss were measured and recorded. Rheology and ES were tested at120F. HTHP fluid loss was measured at 250F and with 500 psi differentialpressure.

Property/Sample Initial Properties After Hot Rolling + Product

OBM ml 350 350 350

SURE-SEAL

LPMNone None 30

Barite to 14.0 ppg As needed As needed As needed

600 rpm 24 20 37300 rpm 20 17 28

6 rpm 8 6.6 9.0

3 rpm 7.8 6.1 8.6

PV 4 3 9

YP 16 14 18

Gels 10sec/10 min 11/24 4/22 12/20

ES 527 531 503

HTHP FL ml 9.2 6.6 11.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 30 50 66

Pounds SURE-SEAL LPM

Hot Rolled 3 hr. @ 350F/177C

PV YP 6 rpm 3 rpm


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PICTURE OF SURE-SEAL LPM

CASE HISTORIES

By Allan Cameron

A major international oil company drilled a well in the North Sea. The drilling fluidwas a 12.5 ppg mineral oil mud with 75/25 Oil/Water ratio. 15ppb of SURE-SEAL LPM was run in the last few hundred feet in the 8 1/2 " section and coarse shakerscreens 10 mesh over 30 mesh were run to maintain LPM concentration in thesystem. No mud losses were recorded unlike previous wells in the area (very highmud losses previously). At casing point the LPM was screened out with fine shakerscreens of 230 mesh. The bottom hole temperature (BHT) was 250 F. Theoperator was pleased and plans to use SURE-SEALLPM again.

PACKAGING

SURE-SEAL is shipped in 50lb sacks/40 sacks per pallet. Pallet dimensionsare 40 X 48 X 62.


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WELL-SEAL LCMS

WELL-SEALLCMs are designed to meet your lost circulation needs no matter theamount of loss. A family of engineered LCMs that are graduated in particle size to fit

specific loss circulation problems, WELL-SEALLCM products take the guess workout of treating loss circulation problems. Made from all natural ingredients, WELL-

SEALLCMs offer the best solution to losses in the drilling industry.

WELL-SEALLCMs are made from combinations of proprietary fibers, flakes, andgranular materials tested to perform well in a wide variety of loss situations. This

combination makes WELL-SEALLCMs stand alone products and reduces the needfor a multitude of LCM products to be maintained in the warehouse and on locationat the rig. This reduces inventory costs and the cost of freight, restocking fees, waste

from breakage, wet or damaged sacks. WELL-SEAL LCMs may be used in both

water-based and oil-based drilling fluids. WELL-SEAL LCMs come in thefollowing grades: Fine, Medium and Coarse.

ADVANTAGES




Product is a low crush material and is less brittle than many other LCMs

such as calcium carbonate


Does not contain cedar fiber, mica, or cellophane Product maybe used in high concentrations with minimal impact on fluid

density and is compatible with other common lost circulation materials

Product has minimal effects on rheology compared to other LCMs such as

cedar fiber and cotton seed hulls

Maybe used in either waterbased or oilbased fluids

Thermal Stability is 400F; for temperatures above 400F the use of oxygenscavengers is recommended


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APPLICATION FOR LOSS OF CIRCULATION

WELL-SEALLCM Fine: for minor to moderate loss of circulation

WELL-SEALLCM Medium: for moderate and severe loss of circulation

WELL-SEALLCM Coarse: for medium to total loss of returns

USE THE RIGHT PRODUCT FOR YOUR LOSS OF CIRCULATION

WELL-SEALLCM Fine is blended for the following applications:

FORMATION SUGGESTED TREATMENT

Depleted Sand beds UP TO 10 LB/BBL (28.56kg/m3)

Pea Gravel beds UP TO 10 LB/BBL (28.56kg/m3)

Coarse Gravel beds UP TO 10 LB/BBL (28.56kg/m3) Fractures up to 0.05 inches) 25 40 LB/BBL (71.33-114.2 kg/m3)

(1.27mm)D50 is 19 mesh

Suggested screen size that may be maintained 8/20 mesh

WELL-SEALLCM Medium is blended for the following applications:

FRACTURE WIDTH TREATMENT LEVEL

to 0.05 inches (1.27mm) 10 25 LB/BBL (28.56-71.33kg/m3)

to 0.10 inches (2.54mm) 25 40 LB/BBL (71.33-114.2 kg/m3)

D50is 15 mesh

Suggested screen sizes that may be used: None; by pass the shale shaker when

using this grade material.

WELL-SEALLCM Coarse is blended for the following applications:

FRACTURE WIDTH TREATMENT LEVEL

to 0.10 inches in width (2.54mm) 10 25 LB/BBL (28.56-71.33kg/m3) to 0.15 inches in width (3.81mm) 25 40 LB/BBL (71.33-114.2 kg/m3)

to 0.20 inches in width (5.08mm) 25 50 LB/BBL (114.2-142.7 kg/m3)

D50is 8 mesh

Suggested screen sizes: None; by pass the shakers when using this size.


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WELL-SEAL LCM AND EFFECT ON OIL-BASED MUDS

Procedure:

Seven aliquots of 10.8 ppg oil-based mud (Diesel) from the field were weighted to

14.0 ppg, and each one treated with product as described below in Sample Table.Each sample was placed in a high temperature cell, pressurized to 100 psi, and hotrolled for 3 hours at 300F. After cooling, the rheology, ES, and HTHP fluid loss weremeasured and recorded. Rheology and ES were tested at 120F. Rheology wasmeasured using a Fann 35 Viscometer with an R1B2S1 setup. HTHP fluid loss wasmeasured at 250F and with 500 psi differential pressure.

Initial Properties of 14.0ppg OBM:

600 rpm 36300 rpm 336 rpm 15

3 rpm 15PV 3YP 30Gel Strengths 20/34

(10s/10m)ES 1338HTHP FL 5.4

Product/Sample A B C D E F G

OBM ml 280 280 280 280 280 280 280

Well-Seal Fine g 10 25

Well-Seal Med. g 10 25

Well-Seal Coarse g 10 25

Barite As needed for 14 ppg

Results after Hot Rolling (AHR):

Property/Sample A B C D E F G

600 rpm 33 45 84 45 92 - -

300 rpm 30 33 52 38 51 - -

6 rpm 13 13 40 13 30 - -3 rpm 13 13 30 13 30 - -

PV 3 12 31 7 41 - -

YP 27 21 22 31 10 - -

Gels (10s/10m) 16/32 24/36 24/38 22/36 22/36 - -

ES 1410 716 469 448 347 336 323

HTHP FL ml 6.4 3.6 3.8 4.4 3.8 5.4 4.6


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Notes:

Values from the Fann 35 Viscometer were erratic and it is probable that they cannotbe replicated due to inconsistent particle interaction. A B2 bob was used in anattempt to accommodate the large particle sizes in the material. Particles in theWell-Seal Coarse material were still too large and obscure to obtain any reading on

the Fann 35.PICTURE OF WELL-SEAL LCM FINE

PICTURE OF WELL-SEAL LCM MEDIUM


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PICTURE OF WELL-SEAL LCM COARSE

WELL-SEAL LCM Fine and Medium grades maybe added to DIASEAL M LCMsqueezes to boost the sealing ability of the DIASEAL M LCM slurry. Check thesection on DIASEAL M LCM slurry below or youreDrilling Specialties CompanyLoss of Circulation Guide for suggestions of additional LCMs to DIASEAL MLCM

slurries. WELL-SEALLCMs may be used in conjunction with other LCMs sold inthe market and are compatible with other mud additives currently in use by thedrilling industry.


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THE SEALING POWER OF WELL-SEAL LCM

The following is a series of pictures showing WELL-SEAL LCM sealing variousslots of different sizes. The holding pressure attained is listed below the picture.

WELL-SEALLCM FINE SEALING (4) 0.05 SLOTS

30 PPB REACHED A HOLDING PRESSURE OF 800 PSI NON-TAPERED SLOTS



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WELL-SEALLCM FINE AND MEDIUM 50/50 SEALING 0.10 SLOTS

40 PPB REACHED A HOLDING PRESSURE 850PSI NON-TAPERED SLOTS

(2) 0.1 SLOTS = AREA 0.2 SLOT


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WELL-SEAL LCM COARSE & MEDIUM 75/25 PLUGGING OFF A

0.15 SLOTS



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WELL-SEAL LCM COARSE PLUGGING OFF A 0.20 SLOT

25 PPB REACHED A HOLDING PRESSURE OF 650 PSI NON-TAPERED SLOT




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PACKAGING

WELL-SEALLCM products come in 40lb sacks for ease of handling and arestacked 50 bags to the pallet. Pallet dimensions are as follows: 42X50X 68high for Fine and Medium. Coarse is 42X 50X 62 high. International

shipping pallets are 42X 50X 40 high allowing double stacking for a total of

36 pallets (1080 bags or 27,000 lb) in a standard 40 foot container.

WELL-SEAL LCM/DynaRed OBMFiber CASE HISTORY

By Shane Bainum Technical Sales Rep Drilling Specialties Co.

WELL-SEAL LCM / DynaRed OBMFiber Case HistoryParker County, TexasExtreme Loss Zone / Encountered Total losses

Well Depth: 5942Hole: 7 7/8CSG: 8 5/8 Set @ 784Angle: 88 DegreesBHA includes MWD Tool (35 ppb Max LCM Concentration)Mud Wt: 9.2+Mud Type: WBM (Water Based Mud)

Built 24 ppb LCM Pill with WELL-SEAL LCM Medium and Fine and DynaRedFiber Fine (No coarse material was used due to MWD Tool restriction).

LCM was mixed thru hopper at a high mix rate without encountering any mixingdifficulties. LCM mixed well and was very homogenous mixture (No material floatedon surface).

Pumped 50 bbl WELL-SEAL LCM / DynaRed OBM Fiber pill @ 200gpm andregained total returns.

After one hour partial losses begin and increased to approx 30 bbls per hour.

LCM concentration in active system was increased using competitive LCM to 30 ppb

while circulating. Losses continued.

A second 50 bbl WELL-SEAL LCM pill was pumped again regaining full returns.Gradual losses resumed and slowly increased to approximately 30 barrels per houras seen previously. A third 50 bbl WELL-SEAL LCM pill was pumped stoppinglosses again and regaining full returns, gradually partial losses returned.This was the end of the WELL-SEAL LCM test.


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NOTE: WELL-SEAL LCM material was only available to mix pills, not enough

material was available to completely treat the active system. Additional WELL-

SEAL LCM in active system could have sealed off zones for a possible longer

time. (Material availability was limited as this was a test well).

LCM Pill Concentration Mix: (Coarse LCM omitted due to MWD Tool)175 bbls WBM1 Pallet WELL-SEAL LCM Fine 48sacks x 40lb/sack = 1920 pounds1 Pallet WELL-SEAL LCM Medium 48sacks x 40lb/sack = 1920 pounds15 Sx DynaRed PlusOBM Fiber Fine 15sacks x 25lb/sack = 375 poundsLCM Concentration: 24 ppb

ENGINEERED VS YARD CLIPPINGS


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DYNA-SEAL OBM FIBER PRODUCT BROCHURE

DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER is a proprietary micro-cellulosic fiber for use in seepageloss control and other lost circulation needs in oil base muds. For purposes of thisdiscussion we will define a seepage loss of a whole mud that is less than 10 barrels

per hour for oil based drilling fluids and 25 bbl/hr for water based drilling fluids.The product is available in fine and medium grades. DYNA-SEAL OBMFIBER, likeour original seepage control material DYNARED FIBER has the advantages ofsealing off depleted zones without excessive build up of wall cake and works in bothoil-based and water-based drilling fluids. The particle size range contributes toAPI filtrate reduction in water-based muds and the product works in drilling fluidsof any pH. The product does not readily degrade due to shear, is compatible withother common lost circulation materials and is resistant to attack by bio-organisms.For best results add DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER to the system through a conventionaljet hopper.

ADVANTAGES

Can be mixed rapidly through the mud hopper and does not requirebypassing of solids control equipment. DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber Fine maybe used with flowline cleaners equipped with screens up to 230 meshwithout shaking out in significant amounts

Seals off depleted zones without excessive build up of wall cake

Works in both water-based and oil-based drilling fluids

Does not need addition of a wetting agent to go into oil based fluids

Is not treated with a wetting agent so it can be used in water based fluids

Unlike competitive materials it does not appreciably increase drilling fluidrheology see page 39 for more information

Particle size distribution contributes to API filtrate reduction in water-based drilling fluids

Does not readily degrade due to shear

Resistant to attack by bio-organisms


Compatible with other common lost circulation materials

Available in fine and medium grades

The acid solubility is 45.6% in 15% HCl at 150F after a 4 hr. soak


Density for the fine and medium is 1.01 SG Does not appreciably reduce the ES of invert oil muds see page 40 for more

information

Thermal Stability is 400F for temperatures above 400F the use of oxygenscavengers is recommended


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APPLICATIONS

Material Needs

Fine Grind

Seepage control material 2.0 ppb to 10.0 ppb

Seal off depleted sands 4.0 ppb to 10.0 ppb

Improve API filtrate 4.0 ppb to 6.0 ppb

Lost circulation pill 25.0 ppb to 35.0 ppb

Medium Grind

Seepage control material 2.0 ppb to 10.0 ppb



DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER FOR SEEPAGE LOSS

PREVENTION OF SEEPAGE LOSSES TREAT THE ENTIRE SYSTEM

Quick Reference Guide

Products Mud Weights Comments

Mud Weights

PPG 7.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 15.1 17.0 17.1+

Add

recommendedamounts to

active system

to control

seepage

DYNA-SEAL

OBM Fiber

Fine

2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb

DYNA-SEAL

OBM Fiber

Medium2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb 2 10 ppb

Calcium

Carbonate 5 10 ppb 5 10 ppb 5 10 ppb 5 10 ppb

Total ppb LCM

7 20 ppb 7 20 ppb 7 20 ppb 7 20 ppb


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REMEDIAL TREATMENTS FOR SEEPAGE LOSSES AS A SLUG

TECHNIQUE



Mud Weights

PPG 7.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 15.1 17.0 17.1 +Pump sweeps

while drilling

depleted

sands every

connection

then

periodically

as needed to

Total Depth

DYNA-SEAL

OBM

Fiber Fine

10 25ppb

10 25ppb

10 15ppb

5 10 ppb

DYNA-SEAL

OBM

Fiber Medium

10 25

ppb

10 25

ppb

10 15

ppb

5 10 ppb

Calcium

Carbonates

sized

10 40ppb

10 30ppb

15 25ppb

10 15ppb

Total ppb

LCM 30 80 +/-ppb

30 75+ppb

25 50ppb

20 30ppb

THE DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER LCM PILL AS A WATER-BASED PILL

Material needed per barrel of pill built:

DYNA-SEALOMB Fiber medium:50 60 lb. per bbl.

FlowzanBiopolymer: 0.5 gal/bbl or 2 lb/bbl dry

Drispac Superlo Polymer: 0.5 1.0 ppb (for filtrate control - not a lot butenough to help it carry some particles in the fissures and/ -or vugs).

Mix as follows:

Drispac

Superlo

Polymer or Drispac

Plus Superlo

Polymer50% ofFlowzanBiopolymer

DYNA-SEALOBM Fiber

50% of FlowzanBiopolymer (this allows you to better monitor the viscosity)

Add water if mixture becomes difficult to pump

Suggested pill size: 25 50 bbl or larger as needed to stop the losses


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THE DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER LCM PILL AS AN OIL MUD BASED PILL


DYNA-SEALOMB Fiber medium:50 60 lb. per bbl


PARTICLE SIZE DISTRUBUTION (PSD) CHART

Sizing LCM

Typical Mud PSD Shaker screen size determines

the largest particles that will

be in the mud

Median about size

shown in chart

If you are adding LCM for

seepage, change to a larger

shaker screen to keep more of

the LCM in the mud

Screen Particle Diameter

Mesh Microns ()

5 4,000

8 2,360

12 1,700

20 850

30 600

40 425

50 300

60 250

70 212

80 180

100 150

120 125

140 106

170 90

200 75

230 63

270 53

325 45

400 38


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DYNA-SEAL OBM FIBER FINE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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DYNA-SEAL OBMFIBER MEDIUM PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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DYNA-SEAL OBM FIBER FINE AND MEDIUM MIXED 50/50

PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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PICTURE OF DYNA-SEAL OBM FIBER FINE

PICTURE OF DYNA-SEAL OBM FIBER MEDIUM


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VISCOSITY MEASUREMENTS

Fluid Properties

Sample Units Fluid A

Fluid A + 2

ppb DYNA-

SEALOBM

Fiber

Fluid A + 5

ppb DYNA-

SEALOBM

Fiber

Initial Initial InitialDensity ppg 12.2 12.2 12.2Rheology Measured F 120 120 120600 rpm 46 50 46300 rpm 29 30 28200 rpm 21 21 21100 rpm 13 13 136 rpm 5 5 5

3 rpm

4 4 4Gel Strengths, 10sec/10min Lbf/100 ft2

6/8 6/8 5/8

Plastic Viscosity cPs 17 20 18Yield Point Lbf/

100 ft212 10 10

Fluids Aged, F Dynamic Dynamic DynamicFluids Aged Hours 16 16 16Temp. Aged, F 150 150 150Rheology Measured F 120 120 120

600 rpm 47 52 48300 rpm 30 32 29200 rpm 21 22 21100 rpm 13 14 146 rpm 5 5 63 rpm 4 4 5Gel Strengths, 10sec/10min Lbf/

100 ft26/7 6/8 6/9

Plastic Viscosity cPs 17 20 19Yield Point Lbf/

100 ft213 12 10

FLUID FORMULATION AND PROCEDURE SAME AS ON PAGE 40


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40

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Initial ES, volts Post 150F HR, ES, volts

Base Mud

2 ppb DYNA-SEAL

OBM FIBER

5 ppb DYNA-SEAL

OBM FIBER

EMULSION STABILITY EVALUATION - % REDUCTION COMPARISON

Sample Initial % < Base

Post 150F 16

hr. Hot Roll

% < Base Post

150F Hot Roll

Base Mud ES, Volts 660 - 633 -

Base + 2 ppbDYNA-SEAL

OBM Fiber

Fine

ES, Volts 617 6.5% 588 7.0%

Base + 5 ppb

DYNA-SEAL

OBM Fiber

Fine

ES, Volts 556 16% 531 16%

FLUID FORMULATION AND PROCEDURE:

1. A 12.2 ppg invert mineral oil base mud with 80/20 OWR (oil water

ratio)was used for the evaluation, the water phase is CaCl2

2. Each quantity of product was added to the base mineral oil mud and

mixed for 15 minutes on a Hamilton beach mixer

3. Initial properties were measured4. Each fluid was mixed for 15 minutes on a Hamilton Beach mixer after

being hot rolled 16 hours at 150F. Post heat aged emulsion stability

properties were measured at 120F

EMULSION STABILTY COMPARISON INITIALLY AND POST

16 HOUR/150F HOT ROLL

(ES, Volts) MEASURE OF ELECTRICALSTABILITY


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DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber CASE HISTORY #1

By Shane Bainum Technical Sales Representative Drilling Specialties Company

DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber Case HistoryMud Type: Oil Based MudOperator: Major IndependentLocation: Brooks County, TXField: Iboras

Sweep Formula and Concentration:

5 ppb DYNA-SEALOBM Fiber (Fine), 15 ppb Mix Calcium Carbonate 5 ppb Perma-SealMixed 100 bbls LCM sweep in slugging pit with mixing hopper. DYNA-SEAL OBMFiber material mixed very well with OBM (O/W ratio 69/31) (No lumping occurred

Smooth uniform mixing)

Sweep Procedures for 8 Hole

Prior to reaching known loss zone at 6,500 (Depleted Sand) swept hole every 3

stands (+-90) with 10 bbls LCM sweep until reaching TD, Mud weight increasedfrom 10 ppb to 10.5 ppb during this interval. At section TD (8,900) pumped an

additional 30 bbl LCM sweep and logged well.Total sweeps pumped: Approx. 26 sweeps and one 30 bbls sweep @ interval TD.

Results:

No seepage losses occurred during this interval and material stayed in the active

system by not going over shakers screens (Screen size 84/84/210)Dyna-SealOBM Fiber did not interfere with rheological properties or change ESreadings of OBM.Both Operator and Service Company were pleased with overall results.



DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber Case History

Mud Type: Oil Based MudOperator: Major IndependentLocation: Kleberg County, TXField: Encino/ Santa Gertrudis Gran


5 ppb DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber (Fine), 15 ppb Mixed Calcium Carbonate, 5 ppbWalnut (Fine), 5 ppb Graphite (Total LCM 30 ppb)


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Mixed 100 bbls LCM sweep in slugging pit with mixing hopper. DYNA-SEAL OBMFiber material mixed very well with OBM (O/W ratio 70/30) (No lumping occurred)

Sweep Procedures for 9 7/8 Hole

Prior to reaching know loss zone at 7,000 (Depleted Sand) swept hole every 3stands (+-90) with 10 bbls LCM sweep until reaching TD, mud weight increasedfrom 10.5 ppb to 12.1 ppb during interval. At section TD (8,550) pumped an

additional 30 bbl LCM sweep and ran casing.No seepage losses occurred during this interval and material stayed unto activesystem by not going over shakers screens.

Sweep Procedure for 6 hole.

Displaced hole with 15.5 ppb OBM (O/W Ratio 82/18) swept hole every connection(+-30) with 10 bbls LCM sweep until reaching TD, mud weight increased from 15.5

ppb to 16.9 ppb during interval. At section TD (11,000) pumped an additional 40bbl LCM sweep and ran casing.No seepage losses occurred during this interval and material stayed unto activesystem by not going over shakers screens.

Results:

No seepage losses occurred during these intervals and material stayed into activesystem by not going over shakers screens (King Cobra Screen Size 4 X 255)DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber did not interfere with rheological properties or change ESreadings of OBM and did not require additional wetting agent to be used.

Both Operator and Service Company were pleased with overall results.

DYNA-SEALOBM FIBER CASE HISTORY #3


DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber Case HistoryMud Type: Oil Based MudOperator: Major IndependentLocation: Kleberg County, TX

Field: Encino/ Santa Gertrudis Gran


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6 ppb DYNA-SEALOBM Fiber (Fine), 18 ppb Mix Calcium Carbonate, 6ppb WalnutHulls (Fine), 6 ppb Graphite(Total LCM 36 ppb with mud weight of 15.4 to 15.8 ppg)

Mixed 100 bbls LCM sweep in slugging pit with mixing hopper. DYNA-SEALOBMFiber material mixed very well with OBM (O/W ratio 82/18) and no additionalwetting agent was used in sweep.

Sweep Procedures for 6 1/2 Hole

Prior to reaching know loss zone at 10,600 (Depleted Sand-Pore pressure 12.5 ppg)control drilled and swept hole every joint (+-30) with 15 bbls LCM sweep untilreaching TD, mud weight increased from 15.4 ppb to 15.8 ppb during interval.ECD at TD (11,500) 16.0 ppg.

Results:

No seepage losses occurred during this interval and material stayed into activesystem by not going over shakers screens (King Cobra Screen Size 4 X 215)

DYNA-SEALOBM Fiber did not interfere with rheological properties or change ESreadings of OBM and did not require additional wetting agent to be used.

4 offset wells experienced heavy losses thru this depleted zone. Both operator andService Company were very pleased with overall results and have adjusted theirmud programs accordingly.



DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber Case HistoryMud Type: Water-based mudOperator: Major IndependentBurleson County, Texas

Partial Loss Zone (50 BBL per Hour)Well Depth: 9250 (Loss Zone)Hole: 6 1/4BHA includes MWD Tool (15 ppb Max LCM Fine ConcentrationTool Restriction)Built 20 BBL pill with 10 PPB DYNASEAL OBM Fine(No Coarse or Medium LCMmaterial was used due to MWD Tool restriction)


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LCM was mixed thru hopper at a high mix rate without encountering any mixingdifficulties. LCM mixed well and was very homogenous mixture (No material floatedon surface).

Pumped 20 BBL DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiberpill @ reduced pump rate of 140 GPM and

regained total returns.

Losses returned but slowed to 10 bbl hr while drilling at pump rate of 200 GPM.Continued to pump 4 DYNA-SEAL OBM Fiber sweeps (20 BBL per Sweep) whiledrilling to section TD. (Approx 700 more feet).

Note: By section TD all mud losses stopped

PACKAGING

Packaging:Domestic shipping: 25 pound multi-wall paper bags, 48 bags per pallet.

Pallet size is 48 X48 X (35-37high).

International shipping: the pallet is 44 X 44 X 40 high for a total of 42bags per pallet. These can be double stacked and two abreast for a total

of 40 pallets (1680 bags or 42,000 lb) in a standard 40 foot container

ORDERING

Orders may be placed by calling 1-800-423-3985 (Houston, TX) or 832-813-

4563 (Houston, TX), or +322-689-1202 (Rotterdam) or 65-6517-3276(Singapore)

For more information on Drilling Specialties Company products see our web site atwww.drillingspecialties.com
http://www.drillingspecialties.com/http://www.drillingspecialties.com/


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DYNARED FIBER PRODUCT BROCHURE

DYNARED FIBER is a proprietary micro-cellulosic fiber for use in seepage losscontrol and other lost circulation needs. For purposes of this discussion we willdefine a seepage loss of a whole mud that is less than 10 barrels per hour for oil

based drilling fluids and 25 bbl/hr for water based drilling fluids. The product isavailable in fine and medium and coarse grades. DYNARED FIBER has the

advantages of sealing off depleted zones without excessive build up of wall cake andworks in either waterbased or oil-based drilling fluids. The particle size rangecontributes to API filtrate reduction and the product works in drilling fluids of anypH. The product does not readily degrade due to shear, is compatible with othercommon lost circulation materials and is resistant to attack by bio-organisms. Forbest results add DYNARED FIBER to the system through a conventional jet hopper.

ADVANTAGES

Can be mixed rapidly through the mud hopper and does not requirebypassing of solids control equipment. DynaRed Fiber Fine may beusedwith flowline cleaners having screens of 200 mesh without shaking out insignificant amounts

Seals off depleted zones without excessive build up of wall cake

Works in both water based and oil based drilling fluids

Unlike competitive materials it does not appreciably increase drilling fluidrheology

Particle size distribution contributes to API filtrate reduction

Does not readily degrade due to shear

Resistant to attack by bio-organisms Works in drilling fluids of any pH

Compatible with other common lost circulation materials

Available in fine, medium and coarse grades


Density is 1.38 +/- 0.03 g/ ml for fine and medium

Density is 1.23 +/- 0.03 g/ ml for coarse


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APPLICATIONS

Material Needs

Fine Grind

Seepage control 3.0 ppb to 6.0 ppbSeal off depleted sands 4.0 ppb to 8.0 ppb

Improve API filtrate 4.0 ppb to 6.0 ppb


Medium Grind

Seepage control 3.0 ppb to 6.0 ppb



Coarse Grind

Lost circulation general treatment 4.0 ppb to 8.0 ppb


DYNAREDFIBER FOR SEEPAGE LOSSES - TREATMENT OF THE

ENTIRE MUD SYSTEM



Mud Weights

PPG 7.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 15.1 17.0 17.1+Add

recommended

amounts to

active system.DynaRed

fiber Fine 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb

DynaRed

fiber Medium 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb 4 6 ppb

Calcium

Carbonate 5 10 ppb 5 10 ppb 5 10 ppb 5 10ppb

Total ppb LCM

4 15 ppb 4 15 ppb 4 15 ppb 4 10ppb


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REMEDIAL TREATMENTS FOR SEEPAGE LOSSES AS A SLUG

TECHNIQUE



Mud Weights

PPG 7.0 12.5 12.5 15.0 15.1 17.0 17.1 +Pump sweeps

while drilling

depleted

sands every

connection

then

periodically as

needed to

Total Depth.

DynaRed

fiber Fine 10 25ppb

10 25ppb

10 15ppb

5 10ppb

DynaRed

fiber Medium 10 25ppb

10 25ppb

10 15ppb

5 10ppb

CalciumCarbonates

sized

10 40ppb

10 30ppb

15 25ppb

10 15ppb

Total ppb

LCM 30 80 +/-ppb

30 75+ppb

25 50ppb

20 30ppb

THE DYNAREDFIBER LCM PILL


DynaRedFiber medium:50 60 lb. per bbl.

FlowzanBiopolymer: 0.5 gal/bbl or 2 lb/bbl dry

Drispac Superlo Polymer: 0.5 1.0 ppb (for filtrate control - not a lot but

enough to help it carry some particles in the fissures and/ -or vugs).

Mix as follows:

DrispacSuperloPolymer or DrispacPlus SuperloPolymer

50% ofFlowzan

BiopolymerDynaRedFiber

50% of FlowzanBiopolymer (this allows you to better monitor the viscosity)

Add water if mixture becomes difficult to pump



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THE DYNAREDFIBER LCM PILL AS AN OIL MUD BASED PILL


DynaRedFiber medium:50 60 lb. per bbl


PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION (PSD)

Sizing LCM Typical Mud PSD

Shaker screen size determines

the largest particles that will

be in the mud

Median about size

shown in chart

If you are adding LCM for

seepage, change to a larger

shaker screen to keep more of

the LCM in the mud

Screen Particle Diameter

Mesh Microns ()

5 4,000

8 2,360

12 1,700

20 850

30 600

40 425

50 300

60 250

70 212

80 180

100 150

120 125

140 106

170 90

200 75

230 63

270 53

325 45

400 38


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DYNARED FIBER FINE PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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DYNARED FIBER MEDIUMPARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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DYNARED FIBER COARSEPARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION


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PICTURE OF DYNAREDFIBER FINE

PICTURE OF DYNAREDFIBER MEDIUM


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PICTURE OF DYNAREDFIBER COARSE

PACKAGING

Packaging: 25 pound multi-wall paper bags, 48 bags per pallet. Pallet

dimensions are 44 X 44 X (34-37)

RETURN PERMEABILITY STUDY OF DYNAREDFIBER

The data showing the effect of DynaRed Fiber on return permeability wasgenerated by an independent laboratory. The return permeability test procedureand test results are in this report.

Samples A and B were prepared in the Drilling Specialties Company laboratory.Sample formulations were as follows:

Sample A: Two 100 ml tap water + 60.0g bentonite clay (mixed 5 minutes) +0.5 ml of 50% W/V NaOH solution (mixed 15 minutes) + 4.5g Drispac

Regular polymer (mixed 20 minutes) + 120g Rev dust to represent drillsolids (mixed 2 hours).

Sample B: Sample A + 5.0 ppb DynaRed Fiber fine grind ( mixed 20minutes)

Procedure:

Two 1 diameter plugs were drilled from a block of standard Berea

sandstone. The plugs were cleaned in a Soxhlet extractor using methanol toremove hydrocarbons, pore-water and salt. After drying, ambient


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permeability to air and the porosity by Boyles Law helium expansion was

determined for each plug.

The core plugs were then saturated with a 35,000 ppm NaCl solution andeach loaded into Hassler core holders and confined at an overburdenpressure of 1,500psi. The permeability to brine was then determined for

each plug. Each drilling fluid sample was then flowed through a core plug in the

opposite direction to the brine flow. A drilling fluid pressure 50 psi greaterthan the pore pressure was maintained for a period of 4 hours. Brine wasthen flowed in the original direction and the final brine permeability wasdetermined after 20, 50, and 80 pore volumes of displacement through thecore plug.

Results:

The results are presented in the following table and in the attached graphs.

Graphical data is presented in two versions:

1. Brine permeability in millidarcies versus pore volumes produced and2. Normalized permeability versus cumulative pore volumes produced

RETURN PERMEABILITY DATA

Without DynaRed Fiber With 5 ppb DynaRed Fiber

Sample A Sample A Sample B Sample B

Permeability Permeability Normalized

Data

Permeability Normalized

Data

Initial to air 450.00 440.0

Initial to

brine 210.0 1.000 198.4 1.000

Brine after

mud invasion

74.5 0.355 136.2 0.686

Brine after 50

pore volume

153.5 0.731 159.3 0.803

Brine after 80

pore volume

172.2 0.820 173.5 0.874

Note: The final cleanup return permeabilitys were similar after 80 pore volumes ofdisplacement. Sample B cleaned up more rapidly.


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DYNAREDFIBER CASE HISTORES

CASE HISTORY # 1 OFFSHORE GULF OF MEXICO

A major international oil and gas company drilled a well in Louisiana waters. The

problem was the upper portion of a sand taking fluid and not permitting continueddrilling for fear of creating a well control problem. The drilling fluid was very dense(18.3 ppg), and this prevented the addition of large amounts of traditional types ofseepage control materials such as Gilsonite, ground fiber and fine mica.

An LCM pill made with combinations of two different competitive ground fiberstotaling 10 14 ppb produced funnel viscosities of 150+ sec/quart and requiredextensive diluting and weight up in order to be pump able. This pill was placed onbottom and pumped with the following results. The first attempt to seal the seepagezone resulted in pumping 19 bbl drilling fluid and reaching a high of 257 psi beforebreaking back to 200 psi. The second attempt resulted in pumping 17 bbl and

reached a high of 257 psi before breaking back to 200 psi. The pill was circulatedout and not left in the hole.

The pill built with 15 ppb DynaRed fiberand 10 ppb of sized calcium carbonatehad a resulting funnel viscosity of only 120 sec/quart. The rest of the mudproperties were PV = 94, YP = 54 and Gels = 27/44. The pill was diluted back to 100sec/quart funnel viscosity reweighted to 18.3 ppg and pumped. After placing thepill, 4-5 bbl were pumped, the pressure built to 360 psi and then broke back to 170psi. After pumping another 4-5 bbl, the pressure built to 406 psi and bled off slowlyto 200 psi. This was good enough to come out of the hole, change bits and return tobottom. The mud on bottom after a 20 hour trip was very pumpable and the pillwas washed out with no problems. The drilling manager for this company creditsDynaRed fiberwith solving his lost circulation problem.

CASE HISTORY # 2 CENTRAL TEXAS GULF COAST USA

An independent turnkey drilling contractor drilled two wells in Jackson County,Texas using DynaRed fiber. DynaRed fiberwas added at 7,440 feet to preventseepage to upper Vicksburg sands that were a known problem. Initial treatmentwas 1/3 ppb (12 sacks) and additional material was added at a rate of 1 (25 lb sack)every two hours. Mud weight was 15.5 ppg. The mud service engineer reported

that DynaRed fibermixed in well and did not cause the drilling fluid to thicken likeother fibers did. No problems were encountered and the drilling contractor waspleased enough to reorder DynaRed fiber for a second well to be drilled in thesame area. No problems were encountered on the second well either.


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CASE HISTORY # 3 - CENTRAL TEXAS GULF COAST WASHINGTON

CO., USA

An independent operator drilled a chalk well in Washington County, Texas usingDynaRed fiber. DynaRed fiber was added at 4,000 feet just 200 feet prior to

drilling sands in the upper Wilcox formation. Treatment was 1 sack per hour whiledrilling and this treatment rate was maintained through 8,200 feet. Sands thatnormally took large amounts of drilling fluid while drilling were sealed off. Theoperator felt that DynaRed fiber contributed to the success of the drillingoperation and continued to use DynaRed fiberall the way to casing point.

CASE HISTORY # 4 - UPPER TEXAS GULF COAST - BRAZORIA

COUNTY USA

A major oil and gas company drilled a well in the Chocolate Bayou area (Brazoria

county, Texas) using a combination of fiber including DynaRed fiber. The well wasdrilled successfully.

CASE HISTORY # 5 - CENTRAL TEXAS GULF COAST - BROOKS

COUNTY USA

A turnkey operator drilled a well in Brooks County, Texas. At 8500 feet the waterbased drilling fluid was displaced with an oil based drilling fluid. This fluid wastreated with 2 ppb DynaRed fiberand successfully drilled to 11,300 feet.


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Most variations add lime to the product. Both Carl Huber and John Crocker talked ofadding extra lime to the slurry if it was deemed necessary so this is not somethingnew. Lime is inexpensive! The idea behind adding additional lime is to give theslurry more compressive strength something the industry solved long ago by addingcement to a Diaseal MLCM slurry. See information on Diaseal MLCM and cement

for more detail. There is a big difference in cost between the original and expensiveimitations. A recent well in South Texas took 600 sacks of the imitation for a series

of squeezes and cost $39,000.00, if Diaseal M LCM had been used the retail cost

would have been approximately $20,000.00. A typical Diaseal MLCM squeeze is100 bbls and retails for 6,000.00 - 7,000.00 in 2006 dollars for any density. In

addition you can custom blend Diaseal M LCM slurry to meet your loss ofcirculation situation with the addition of a wide assortment LCM material.

ADVANTAGES

Diaseal MLCM is compatible with all drilling fluids

The rig can mix and pump the slurry up to a 12 ppg density

The reaction is not affected by down-hole conditions such as temperature

Additional LCM may be added to the slurry to customize the pill

DISAVANTAGES

Diaseal M LCM must be squeezed in stages (Hesitation Squeeze) togradually heal the loss zone a common procedure in the oil field

High solids high fluid loss squeezes like Diaseal M LCM and squeezesbased on similar materials are not effective in stopping losses to

carbonate formations like limestone and dolomite because this type offormation is generally not restricted like a fracture

DIASEAL M

LCM APPLICATIONS

1. Water based and oil based formulations2. Open hole remedial squeeze for lost circulation3. Open hole preventative lost circulation squeeze4. Cased hole squeeze to seal perforations or casing leaks

Mixing Requirements:

1. Clean, isolated mixing tank or liquid mud plant2. Cement pump truck needed if low volume pump rate required or

recommended if the squeeze is over 12.0 ppg for ease of handling3. Oil-wetting agent required to prevent excessive viscosity in weighted oil

slurry4. Pump through open ended pipe if additional LCM is added to slurry


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TABLE II

FORMULA FOR PREPAIRING ONE BARREL DIASEAL M

LCM

SLURRY WITH BASE OIL*

Density lb/galDiaseal M

LCM lb

Diaseal M

LCM sacks Barite sacks Oil bbl

8.0 ppg 44 lb 1.10 sack 0.38 sacks 0.880 bbl








16.0 ppg 22 lb 0.54 sack 4.52 sacks 0.670 bbl17.0 ppg 19 lb 0.48 sack 5.08 sacks 0.645 bbl


* Due to variations in materials, pilot tests should be made to determine exact

formulations. At approximately 14 ppg the Diaseal M LCM Barite- Oil Mixturewill start to get very thick. At this point start adding the oil-wetting agent, whichwill have an instant thinning effect on the slurry. Use caution when adding wettingagent adding it in to 1-gallon additions. Do not over treat! If over treatment does

occur add more Diaseal MLCM to the slurry to thicken it. Observe the slurry, the

objective here is to maintain sufficient viscosity for barite suspension and yet havethe slurry fluid enough to pump. Remember you are using the base oil to build theslurry not the oil based drilling fluid you are drilling with. Big difference!

MIXING PROCEDURE FOR DIASEAL M

LCM SLURRY

1. Mix twice the open-hole volume, or minimum of 100 bbls. (16 m 3) slurry forlonger open hole intervals. Ideally enough slurry should be available tocover all potential loss zones, as well as to have excess volume available forsqueezing operations.

2. No special equipment is needed to pump non-weighted Diaseal M

LCMslurries. The unweighted slurry can be mixed in a clean, uncontaminatedmud pit and pumped with rig pumps. The operators should consider using a

cement company blender and pump truck to place weighted Diaseal MLCMslurries of 12.0 ppg. This gives better control of squeeze pressure and avoidscontamination.

3. Begin with approximately 80% of the prescribed volume of fluid, (oil orwater Table I or II). Add Diaseal MLCM, barite, and then the remainder offluid. Follow this with additional LCM as required or desired.


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4. If building weighted slurry, the slurry should be weighted to the samedensity as the drilling fluid in use. Barite or Hematite may be used.

5. Depending on conditions an additional 5-20 ppb (14-57 kg/m3) LCM in theslurry may be added.

6. Place slurry open-ended if possible. Use combinations of fine-medium LCM,

and avoid too much fibrous materials. If placing through the bit, avoidexcessive concentrations, and use LCM smaller than nozzle sizes to avoidplugging.

PLACEMENT AND SQUEEZE PROCEDURE FOR DIASEAL M

LCM

Note: If an induced vertical fracture of the formation is suspected, the most probablepoint is just below the casing shoe.

1. Place bottom of drill pipe or bit at a depth that will allow an equivalent of thecalculated open-hole volume to remain inside the casing above the casing

shoe. It is best to displace the slurry with the drill pipe inside casing as thiswill insure that the drill string will not get differentially stuck in the openhole. If slurry is to be displaced while in open hole, be sure that the drill pipeis not adjacent to an area with permeability. See Appendix (IV) for moredetail

2. Pump slurry at 2-3 bbls/min (bpm) until it reaches the end of the pipe.Before beginning the hesitation squeeze, check the annulus. If no fluid can beseen, use the fill-up line and fill the hole.

3. Close annular bop, and pump slurry at 1 bpm. This will direct the Diaseal M

LCM slurry down hole to the point of loss. If unweighted pump the full openhole volume, plus an additional 20-30 bbls. (3-5 m3), leaving remainder ofslurry in the drill pipe to squeeze with. If weighted pump the entire slurryand squeeze with drilling fluid as this prevents the weighted slurry fromsetting up in the pipe.

4. Shut down for 2-3 hours to allow the Diaseal M LCM slurry to dewater(dehydrate). Begin pumping again at to bpm. When a pressure of 50 psiis obtained, discontinue pumping for 10-15 minutes. Repeat this procedureuntil 50 psi can be maintained, and then attempt progressively higherpressures in 25-50 psi increments. With this hesitation squeeze method,there will be a pressure bleed off each time the pump is stopped. However,with each successive squeeze, the pressure should stabilize at a higher level.See diagram of hesitation squeeze.

5. A 200-600 psi squeeze is generally considered to be very good, but it may beadvisable to squeeze to a higher equivalent mud weight if it is known that ahigher fluid density will be needed in this hole interval. When maximumholding pressure is obtained, shut down for 4-6 hours to make sure theslurry is dewatered. Four hours for non-weighted slurry and six hours forweighted slurry.

6. After waiting time is finished bleed the pressure from the annulus slowly,

and then circulate out any remaining Diaseal MLCM out of the hole.


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7. Run the drill pipe back into the hole slowly, monitoring the weight indicator,

and checking for bridges. Wash to bottom, drilling any Diaseal MLCM plug

if encountered. The Diaseal M LCM slurry will not set-up like cement, so

there is little danger of sidetracking the hole. Any remaining Diaseal MLCM may be retained in the drilling fluid and will act as seepage loss

material.

DIAGRAM OF A HESITATION SQUEEZE

If returns are not fully regained with the first Diaseal M LCM slurry, prepare

another of equal or greater size and repeat the procedure. To give the Diaseal M

LCM slurry more compressive strength read the section on Diaseal M LCM withCement. For very severe loss returns read Alternative Formulations page 40. Theseformulas double the amount of Diaseal MLCM in the slurry and therefore doublethe solids content of the pill to be pumped.


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TESTING THE DIASEAL M

LCM SLURRY PRIOR TO PUMPING

OIL BASED DRILLING FLUIDS

Preheat the HTHP filter press cell to 150F. Pour slurry into cell, close cell and heat

until slurry has time to reach 150F. Apply 200 psi to cell and observe displacementof oil from slurry. There is no need to attach the lower filtrate collector on the high

temp cell. The 150F oil can be carefully caught in a glass beaker. Safety Precaution:The cell should be pressured with CO2 for safety. Do not use nitrous oxide topressure hydrocarbon oil fluids as this might result in an explosion! All the oilshould be displaced from the slurry in about 2-3 minutes or less. This will assureone of a good, squeeze slurry that is ready to do its job down-hole. Remove filtercake from filter cell for observation of what can be expected to happen in the losszone once the slurry is in place.

WATER BASED DRILLING FLUIDS

Testing is simple; pour a sample of slurry to be pumped into a standard API Filtratecell and pressure up to 100 psi. Filtrate should be completely expelled in 1-3minutes. Remove filter cake from filter cell for observation of what can be expectedto happen in the loss zone once the slurry is in place. See picture of a Diaseal MLCM filter cake.

Note: If the filtrate is slower than 2-3 minutes then try adding 1 ppb of lime toflocculate any clay that may be present especially when using a rig tank for mixing.

PICTURE OF A DIASEAL M

LCM FILTER CAKE


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In this next variation cement is mixed in with the DiasealM LCM slurry to give itgreater compressive strength and have good application where oil based fluids arein use.

TABLE III

DIASEAL M LCM SQUEEZE MIXED WITH CEMENT

Density

lbs/gal

Diaseal

MLCM

pounds

Cement

pounds

Barite

pounds

Water

gallons

250 F

Compressive

Strength PSI

150 F

Compressive

Strength PSI

9.5 ppg 23.40 lb 54.90 lb 0 38.53

gal

215 psi 141 psi

9.5 ppg 26.31 lb 55.91 lb

TXI

0 38.05

gal

232 psi 137 psi

10.0

ppg

33.30 lb 78.30 lb 0 37.05

gal

337 psi 221 psi

10.0

ppg

37.50 lb 79.70 lb

TXI

0 36.37

gal

265 psi 149 psi

11.0

ppg

53.10 lb 124.80

lb

0 34.10

gal

357 psi 317 psi

11.0

ppg

59.80 lb 127.10

lb TXI

0 33.02

gal

701 psi 338 psi

12.0

ppg

47.00 lb 175.00

lb

14.20 lb 32.16

gal

441 psi 405 psi

12.0

ppg

45.70 lb 155.30

lb TXI

40.40 lb 31.52

gal

397 psi 365 psi

13.0ppg

20.00 lb 94.00 lb 158.73lb

32.83gal

371 psi 341 psi

14.0

ppg

22.00 lb 82.50 lb 222.20

lb

31.38

gal

368 psi 302 psi

15.0

ppg

16.60 lb 83.00 lb 279.50

lb

30.10

gal

334 psi 250 psi

16.0

ppg

16.80 lb 74.00 lb 342.60

lb

28.67

gal

325 psi 265 psi

17.0

ppg

13.70 lb 75.00 lb 398.00

lb

27.26

gal

328 psi 196 psi

18.0ppg 11.50 lb 54.10 lb 472.89lb 26.11gal 362 psi 143 psi

Compressive Strength tests were performed at 250F for 24 hours. If morecompressive strength is required in the squeeze slurry, you should increase theamount of cement required. A service company laboratory should test all slurriesbefore they are pumped. Cement retarders will be required at higher temperatures.

At lower temperatures (125-175F) and depending on the amount of retarder inthe slurry the compressive strength may be lower than reported. Most of theseslurries will settle, so if you use a Hesitation


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Squeeze method you will need to use some type of thickening material to reducethis effect. Materials like bentonite should work well. Additional LCM may be addedup to 25 ppb with little mixture adjustment. The use of a blender truck or a tankwith agitation is recommended and the following procedure followed.

1. Measure water into mixing tan2. Add Diaseal MLCM while mixing and continue to agitate until pill is pumped3. If adding a thickener add it now (usually bentonite)4. Add Barite5. Add any additional LCM products6. Add retarder if required

RECOMENDATIONS FOR PUMPING 100 BBL OF DIASEAL M

LCM/CEMENT SLURRY

1. Pump the slurry through open-ended drill pipe if possible, a must do if addingadditional LCM to the slurry.

2. Option a Spot the drill pipe 50 bbl. above the thief zone. This way when the

lead 50 bbl. is displaced into the thief zone the drill pipe will be cleared of theslurry. Once the leading edge of the slurry starts to clear the open-ended drillpipe or drill bit, shut in the annulus to begin bull heading the 50 bbl. of drillingmud ahead of the slurry into the thief zone. If pressure begins to build up beforeyou clear the drill pipe, open up the annulus and let the remaining slurry comeup around the drill pipe. Then pull enough drill pipe to get above the remainingslurry. Again shut in the annulus and pressure up. You can pump +/- 3 bpm untilthe slurry reaches the thief zone then slow down to +/- 1 bmp.

3. Option b Spot the drill pipe at the casing shoe and clear the drill pipe of the

slurry. Pull enough stands of drill pipe to get above the slurry. Shut in theannulus and begin pumping at 3 bpm until the slurry reaches the thief zone thenslow down to 1 bpm. If the hole is taking mud while displacing the slurry to theend of the drill string be sure to take that into consideration.

4. Option B would be a better option if the bit is in place.

5. Generally when using Diaseal M LCM you would use the hesitation squeeze

method, in the case of using cement with Diaseal MLCM it would be best to bullhead the slurry into the thief zone without doing the hesitation squeeze.

6. Hold pressure on the squeeze for 2 to 4 hours. Bled off the pressure on theannulus slowly.

7. Do not over displace the slurry. It would be better to under displace and leave+/- 5 bbl. in the hole. The slurry should not cause you to sidetrack as thecompressive strength is much less than that of cement, however exercise cautionwhen running the drill string back in the hole.

8. These suggestions can be adjusted to fit the actual job.


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DIASEAL M LCM - CEMENT RATIO INFORMATION

Willie Reneau and Marshall Bishop were on a Diaseal MLCMcement squeeze lastweek and were asked a question they couldntanswer, How much DiasealM LCMcan you add to cement slurry and remain pumpable and useful? You all know that

we like to use at least 50 lbs/bbl Diaseal M

LCM in a standard squeeze and that wecan even go up to 100 lbs/bbl without difficulty. There are 2 problems when westart mixing cement. First, the cement makes the slurry a lot more viscous andquickly becomes un- pumpable. Second, cementers speak in tongues and dont uselbs/bbl, their nomenclature for additive concentration is, percent by weight of

cement. So when you tell them to use 50 lbs/bbl it doesnt compute.

The attached spreadsheet provides some information that you might find useful. Itprovides a cross reference for lbs/bbl and percent by weight of cement (% BWOC)

at different cement slurry densities. The same concentration of Diaseal MLCM, say50 lbs/bbl, varies as % BWOC decreases as you increase the slurry density. In

general, we believe the odds of success are better when the Diaseal M LCMconcentration is above 40 lbs/bbl equivalent, 50 or 60 lbs/bbl is even better. In lowdensity slurries, say 11 or 12 lb/gallon, even higher loadings can be beneficial.

They did not run the rheology on every slurry, just those to find the maximum

Diaseal Ml LCM loading. At 12 lb/gallon and less, you can add at least 90 lbs/bbland still maintain reasonable slurry rheology. A 13 lb/gallon slurry would have a

maximum Diaseal M LCM concentration of approximately 80 lbs/bbl (35.1%BWOC) when used with a cement dispersant.

The addition of a cement compatible surfactant also disperses the slurry and can beused instead of or in combination with cement dispersant. If a surfactant is used,appropriate antifoam should also be used.

Thanks to John Anderson for running the slurry data.

Because Diaseal M LCM Cement slurries contain cement do not incorporate

drilled plug material into the drilling fluid system.

If returns are not fully regained with the first Diaseal M LCM slurry, prepareanother of equal or greater size and repeat the procedure. Also see Appendix III for

severe loss of return formulas of Diaseal M

LCM.


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Testing conducted by John Anderson Technical Specialist Drilling SpecialtiesCompany Bartlesville, Oklahoma

Always remember CEMENT SETS so you have a limited time from the time the

cement is added to the slurry until you have it in place and squeezed. The clockstarts ticking when you start adding the cement to the water and the drop dead timeis the lab determined thickening time (TT). If, for any reason, you mix the slurry andrecognized you are not able to get it in place before you reach the end of the TT,ABORT THE PUMP JOB [2 squeezes were aborted on the Christi 5-19] since asWillie says cement inside your drill pipe is not kosher.

Diaseal M LCM plugs holes extremely well. This is a good thing when yourplugging the right holes but not productive if you plug things before the cementslurry reaches the formation. You need to make sure the pumps and mixers are

running in a direction that does not pack the Diaseal M LCM slurry into any

opening such as pump suction lines. One of the aborted jobs noted above waspartially due to ice and partially due to the fact that the cement crew was operatingan auger mixer in the batch tank on the down pitch. This resulted in packing DiasealMLCM into the batch mixer discharge line. Other lines were iced up so the cementcould not be discharged from the batch tank. Pumping the slurry (in fact any Diaseal

MLCM slurry with or without cement) too fast could potentially result in packingoff in the wrong place, like the bit; see point 1 below.

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

0.0%

50.0%

100.0%

150.0%

200.0%

250.0%

300.0%

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

e

ent(sacks/bbl)

DiasealM(%BWOC)

Diaseal M LCM (pounds per barrel of slurry)

DIASEAL M LCM AND CEMENT REQUIREMENTS PER BARREL

OF SLURRY

10 lb/gallon slurry 11 lb/gallon slurry 12 lb/gallon slurry13 lb/gallon slurry 14 lb/gallon slurry 15 lb/gallon slurryCement 10 lb/gallon Cement 11 lb/gallon Cement 12 lb/gallon


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Wet samples: As Willie said; take some surface slurry samples to check. However,

many of the Diaseal MLCM slurries have a lot of water in relation to the cement.They can and do settle after sitting static for awhile. Depending on the bottom holecirculating temperature and the TT required for the slurry, the surface samples maystill be plastic or even fluid after 24 hours. Dont panic. If slurry is designed for 6

hours TT at 180 F it will take more than 24 hours to set up at room temperature.Also remember, when you squeeze the slurry into the formation you squeeze thewater out concentrating the solids in the fracture or loss zone. These higher solidsmaterial will set up faster than the neat slurry.

Useful hints and suggestions:1. With a slurry of this nature it would be best to be placed open ended drill

pipe or with a tubing stinger in place.a. It can be pumped in placed through a bit but the personal pucker

factor (PPF) registers off the chart. (high risk of getting a squeezeinside the drill string and not considered kosher)

b.

If the operator cannot TOH to stand back the BHA and collars makesure the TFA of the jet nozzles is at least 1.0 inches.

c. If the slurry is placed with the drill bit in place, displace at 3.0 bbl perminute. If while displacing, the drill pipe pressure begins to increase(possibility indicating that the slurry is trying to plug off at the bit)slow d

the engineered lost circulation materials

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