The ENDOCRINE SYSTEM, Chapter 18, p. 603-649Section 18-1 Homeostasis is preserved through intercellular communication

1. Use the analogy of the postal service to match sending a letter, the post office, and the recipient of the letter with target cell, cardiovascular system, and hormone.

2. Hormones act on ________________ cells, which means those cells have _________________ for the hormones.

3. Hormones change the operations of target cells by:a. stimulating enzyme/protein synthesis by:

b. stimulating enzyme/protein synthesis by:

c. turning an existing enzyme/membrane:

4. Give an example of a process where multiple hormones act on a single cell/tissue.

5. Compare the nervous and endocrine systems:

* p. 14 Go back to review Negative and Positive Feedback. Diagrams 1-4 and 1-5 are below.

Section 18-2. The endocrine system regulates physiological processes through the binding of hormones to receptors

1. Distinguish between an endocrine and an exocrine gland. (get to the point- don’t copy a whole bunch of stuff from the textbook)

2. There are 3 classes of hormones: hormones made from the amino acids tyrosine and tryptophan, peptide hormones, and hormones made from lipids (aka fats).

a. Give one example of an amino acid hormone: __________________________________

b. Give one example of a peptide hormone: __________________________________

c. Give one example of a lipid based hormone: ________________________________

Secretion and Distribution of Hormones: a. Approximately how long are freely circulating hormones functional? ________

b. In which two organs are hormones broken down? ______________________________

Mechanisms of Hormone ActionTarget cells have receptors in one of two places for a hormone. Where are they?

HONOR CREDIT ONLY: Hormones and Plasma Membrane ReceptorsRead and summarize this section using the following terms: first messenger, second messenger, up regulation, down regulation, G proteins, cAMP, Ca++. Use Figure 18-3.

All students answer these questions…Hormones and Intracellular Receptors

a. Steroid hormones can diffuse across the membrane and activate/de-activate genes. What property of steroid hormones allows them to diffuse across membranes. Remember- they are not small!

b. Thyroid hormones are transported across the membrane. Name the 2 organelles that they bind to.

c. Why would thyroid hormones bind to mitochondria?

Control of Endocrine Activity by Endocrine Reflexes- Use Figure 18-5 to examine the neuroendocrine control of the hypothalamus to maintain homeostasisThe Hypothalamus coordinates the nervous system and endocrine activities, and thus provides the highest level of endocrine control.

Section 18-3 The Pituitary Gland- see Figure 18-9 to label the diagram below.

Fill in the table to summarize the hormones of the Pituitary Gland.Region/Area Hormones Target EffectAnterior Pituitary TSH Thyroid Secrete thyroidhormones

NeurohypophysisPosterior Lobe

ADH

Section 18-4 The Thyroid Gland lies inferior to the larynx and requires iodine for hormone synthesis

And…Section 18-5 The four parathyroid glands, embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone to elevate plasma Ca++

Summarize the above in the following table. Use Table 18-4.Gland/Cells Hormone(s) Targets EffectsThyroid T4, T3

Calcitonin

Parathyroid Parathyroid hormone

See Figure 18-13 to examine how the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands work together to regulate blood calcium levels.

Thinking back to the units on muscles and neurons, why is it so important to regulate calcium in the blood?

Section 18-6 The Suprarenal glands, consisting of a cortex and medulla, cap the superior borders of the kidneys and secrete several hormones

See table 18-5 for summary of hormones.Give an overall effect of hormones of the suprarenal glands on their target tissues.

Section 18-8. The pancreas, located within the abdominopelvic cavity, is both an exocrine and an endocrine organ

1. Describe how the pancreas can be both an endocrine and exocrine organ.

2. See Figure 18-16 to fill in the diagram below.

Section 18-9. Many organs have secondary endocrine functions.Choose one organ, the intestines, the kidneys, the heart, the thymus, or adipose tissue and summarize that organ’s secondary endocrine function(s).

Section 18-10 Hormones interact to produce coordinated physiological responses1. What does it mean if two hormones are antagonistic? Give an example.

2. What does it mean if 2 hormones are synergistic? Give an example.

3. What does it mean if a hormone has a permissive effect? Give an example.

4. What is meant by integrative effects in hormones? Give an example.

5. What implications do you think endocrinologists (doctors who treat hormone problems) have to consider when designing treatments for hormone imbalances.

Role of Hormones in GrowthList the 5 hormones involved in growth. Describe one problem that can occur if one of these hormones is hyposecreted.

The Hormonal Response to Stress.GAS= 3 phases.

CLINICAL NOTES.Read the following Clinical Notes and summarize in a few sentences.Diabetes Insipidus, p. 618

Diabetes mellitus, p. 634

Hormones and Athletic Performance, p. 643

The Endocrine System in Perspective, p. 645Choose 4 systems and describe briefly how what that system does for the endocrine system and what the endocrine system does for that system.