the endocrine system & reproduction
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The Endocrine System & Reproduction. Ch. 16. Questions?. Completely Anonymous . The Endocrine System. Hormones and the Endocrine System The endocrine system produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities. Endocrine glands release chemicals directly into the bloodstream - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The Endocrine System & Reproduction
Ch. 16
Questions?Completely Anonymous
The Endocrine System Hormones and the
Endocrine System The endocrine system
produces chemicals that control many of the body’s daily activities.
Endocrine glands release chemicals directly into the bloodstream
Hormones Turn on, turn off, speed
up, slow down activities of different organs and tissues
Hormone Production Nerve impulses from the
brain Brain interprets signals,
and sends a response in the form of a hormone
Adrenaline! Hormone Action
Adrenaline lasts until blood returns to a normal level
Target Cells Muscle cells for adrenaline
The Endocrine System Functions of
Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus
Center of your head Controls hunger,
sleep and other body processes
Major role in homeostasis
Pituitary Gland Size of a pea Regulates growth,
blood pressure, & water balance
The Endocrine System
Negative Feedback Example: thermostat When the amount of
a particular hormone in the blood reaches a certain level, the endocrine system sends signals that stop the release of that hormone
The Male & Female Reproductive Systems
Sexual Reproduction
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Sperm is the male sex cell
23 chromosomes
Egg is the female sex cell
23 chromosomes
Fertilization, 46 chromosomes
Zygote
Male Reproductive System
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The Testes
Clusters of tiny coiled tubes, called seminiferous tubules. Immature sperm form on the walls of these tubes until it matures, gains a flagellum and then carried to the epididymis.
Located in the scrotum, stays slightly below body temperature.
The Path of Sperm Cells
As the sperm move the mix with fluids and become semen. This fluid allows for the sperm to swim. It also contains nutrients that the sperm use for energy.
Semen travels through the urethra and exits out the penis. Bladder muscles contract as to keep urine from mixing with the semen. Ejaculation, sperm exiting the penis at over 50 million sperm. 5-10 million per drop!
Female Reproductive System
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The Ovaries
Produce & store eggs
Hormones
Ovaries also have endocrine glands that produce estrogen. This hormone causes hips to widen and breasts to develop.
The Path of the Egg Cell
The fallopian tubes, oviducts, are passage ways for the eggs at they travel to the uterus. The uterus, a muscular organ the size of a pear, is where a fertilized egg will attach and pregnancy begins.
If the egg is not fertilized, it starts to break down and exit through the cervix and then finally the vagina or birth canal.
The Menstrual Cycle
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400,000 undeveloped eggs are in the ovaries. However, only 500 of those eggs will leave the ovaries and reach the uterus. An egg is released once a month, called the menstrual cycle.
Stages
The maturing egg with its own grouping of cells is called a follicle. At the same time the uterus begins to thicken. Halfway through the cycle the follicle ruptures and the mature egg is released into the fallopian tube, called ovulation. It can now be fertilized for the next few days. If not, it fails to implant and starts to break down. The extra blood and tissue, lining of the uterus, is sloughed off and passed out through the vagina called menstruation.
The Menstrual Cycle
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Endocrine Control
Hormones trigger a girl’s first menstruation. Many girls begin between the ages of 10-14, some earlier, some later. Women continue to menstruate until about age 50. Then the production of sex hormones drops and the ovaries stop releasing mature eggs.
Pregnancy, Development & Birth
Development Before Birth From Zygote to Embryo
Zygote moves down fallopian tube toward the uterus
Takes about 4 days From one to two to four
and so on… Blastula
Differentiation of the Embryo Process by which cells
change and become specialized
Development of the Fetus From ninth week to birth,
the developed human is called a fetus 3 months
Internal organs 6 months
heartbeat
Fetal DevelopmentMonth By Month
Cameron Randall Judd
RoxanneMarieJudd
Pregnancy, Development & Birth Protection & Nourishment
Membranes and other structures that form during development protect and nourish the developing embryo
Amniotic Sac Cushions and protects
embryo Placenta & Umbilical Cord
Embryos’ blood vessels and is linked to the mother via the umbilical cord
Keeping the Fetus Healthy This barrier helps
keep the embryo healthy, but some viruses can pass. HIV, alcohol,
chemicals in tobacco and other drugs.
Pregnancy, Development & Birth
Birth After 40 weeks…
Labor Strong muscular contractions
cause the cervix to dilate or open
Can last from 2-20 hours! Delivery
Pushed through the uterus, through the vagina and out the mother’s body
Umbilical cord is clamped and then cut
Afterbirth The placenta & other
membranes
Birth & the Baby Birth creates a strain on the
baby Pressure decreases baby’s
supply of oxygen Heart rate increases Within seconds, the baby
begins breathing with a cry or cough
Multiple Births Twins! 1 out of 30 in the U.S. Identical and Fraternal
Single egg splits = Id. Two sperm, two eggs = Fr
Pregnancy, Development & Birth Growth &
Development Infancy
Weight can double Walking at 10-14
months Simple directions,
play
Childhood Starts at 2 Bones and muscles
increase in size Skills improve, learn to
read and solve problems
Pregnancy, Development & Birth
Adolescence Start to think like
adults Bodies undergo
physical changes 9-15 years, puberty
Pregnancy, Development & Birth
Adulthood After 30, aging
begins Eyes can lose ability
to focus, hair loss and or coloring
Great wisdom!
Pregnancy, Development & Birth