THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Prepared by:

Sharina Hadji MananJohara T. Udtog

[Gk. Hormao instigate], are chemical messenger produced in one part of the body that controls the activity of other parts.

Hormones

Three types of HORMONES

Steroid Hormone

Derivatives of the Amino Acid

Tyrosine

Proteins or Peptides

PRINCIPAL ENDOCRINE GLANDSAND

HORMONES IN THE BODY

Endocrine Gland:

HypothalamusHormone Released:

Hypothalamic -releasin & release-inhibiting hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:

Anterior pituitaryFunction(s) of Hormones:

Regulate anterior pituitary hormones

Endocrine Gland:

Posterior pituitaryHormone Released:

Antidiuretic (ADH)Target Tissues/Organs:

KidneysFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates water reabsorption

by kidneys

Endocrine Gland:

Posterior pituitaryHormone Released:

OxytocinTarget Tissues/Organs:

Uterus, mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates uterine muscle construction, release of milk by mammary glands

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Thyroid-stimulating (TSH)Target Tissues/Organs:

ThyroidFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates thyroid hormone

Synthesis and secretion

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Adrenal cortexFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulates adrenal cortex

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Gonadotropic [follicle-Gonads stimulating (FSH),luteinizing (LH)Target Tissues/Organs:

GonadsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Egg and sperm production and sex hormone production

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Prolactin (PRL)Target Tissues/Organs:

Mammary glandsFunction(s) of Hormones:

Milk production

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Growth (GH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Soft tissues bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Cell division, protein synthesis and bone growth

Endocrine Gland:

Anterior PituitaryHormone Released:

Melanocyte-stimulating (MSH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Melanocytes in skinFunction(s) of Hormones:

Unknown function in humans regulates skin color in lower vertebrate

Endocrine Gland:

ThyroidHormone Released:

Thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3)Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Increase metabolic rate; Regulates growth and development

Endocrine Gland:

ParathyroidHormone Released:

Parathyroid (PTH)Target Tissues/Organs:

Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood calcium level

Endocrine Gland:

ThyroidHormone Released:

CalcitoninTarget Tissues/Organs:

Bones, kidneys, intestineFunction(s) of Hormones:

Lower blood calcium level

Endocrine Gland:

Adrenal cortexHormone Released:

Glucocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood glucose level; stimulate breakdown of protein

Endocrine Gland:

Adrenal cortexHormone Released:

Mineralocorticoids (cortisol) Target Tissues/Organs:

All tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium

Endocrine Gland:

Adrenal cortexHormone Released:

Sex hormonesTarget Tissues/Organs:

Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:

Adrenal medullaHormone Released:

Epinephrine and norepinephrineTarget Tissues/Organs:

Cardiac and other musclesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Emergency situations; raise blood glucose level

Endocrine Gland:

PancreasHormone Released:

InsulinTarget Tissues/Organs:

Liver, muscles; adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Lower blood glucose level; promotes formation of glycogen

Endocrine Gland:

PancreasHormone Released:

GlucagonTarget Tissues/Organs:

Liver, muscles; adipose tissuesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Raises blood glucose level

Endocrine Gland:

TestesHormone Released:

Androgens (testosterone)Target Tissues/Organs:

Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate secondary male sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:

OvariesHormone Released:

Estrogens and progesteroneTarget Tissues/Organs:

Gonads, skin, muscles, bonesFunction(s) of Hormones:

Stimulate female sex characteristics

Endocrine Gland:

Pineal glandHormone Released:

MelatoninTarget Tissues/Organs:

BrainFunction(s) of Hormones:

Circadian and circannual rhythms; possibly involved in maturation of sex organs