the employment situation - fraser · the employment situation: december 1978 total employment and...

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Contact: John Bnsgger (202) 523-1944 DSDL 79-27 523-1371 TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS

Kathryn Hoyle (202) 523-1913 EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST) FRIDAY, 523-1208 JANUARY 12, 1979

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 1978

Total employment and unemployment in December remained close to their November levels,

the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall

unemployment rate was 5.9 percent, not much different from November, but lower than the

rates prevailing in early 1978.

Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was 95.9 million in

December. Over the past year, total employment has risen by 3.0 million.

In contrast, nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establish

ments—continued to expand in December, rising by 250,000 to 87.3 million. Over the year, non-

farm payroll jobs have increased by 3.6 million.

Unemployment

Both the total number of persons unemployed in December—6.0 million—and the overall

unemployment rate—5.9 percent—were little changed from a month earlier. Among the major

demographic groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.1 percent), adult women (5.8

percent), and teenagers (16.5 percent) were little changed from November. Likewise, jobless

ness among whites and blacks and in most other worker categories showed little or no change.

However, virtually all worker groups have shown some improvement since December 1977, with

a few notable expections, including teenagers and women who head families. (See table A-2.)

The median duration of unemployment in December was 5.6 weeks, not much different from

the November level. Median duration was more than a week shorter than a year earlier, a

This release incorporates revisions, based on 1978 experience, in seasonally-adjusted unemployment and other labor force series derived from the household survey. Such revisions are routinely made once a year and usually are published in February. Because the revisions were completed earlier than usual thL year, they have been incorporated in this release. The revisions affect the overall unemployment rate for S of the 12 months of 1978, including December. The December unemployment rate would have been 6.0 percent, bated on the old seasonal factors. The 1978 overall rates as originally published and at revised, ptus additional Information on the revisions, appear on page 6.

reflection of reductions in long-term unemployment as well as an increase in short duration jobless

ness of less than 5 weeks. (See table A-4.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force

Total employment was little changed iii December at 95.9 million, following a gain of half

a million in the prior month. Over the past year, employment has risen by 3.0 million (after

adjustment for changes in the survey introduced in January 1978—see box on table A-l). Reflect

ing this expansion, the employment-population ratio—the proportion of the total noninstitutional

population that is employed—has increased substantially to a record 59.1 percent. The civilian

labor force edged up slightly over the month to 101.9 million in December, but also has expanded

substantially over the year. (See table A-l.)

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjustad

1978

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Civilian labor force Total employment Unemployment

Not in labor force Discouraged workers

Unemployment rates: All workers Adult men Adult women Teenagers White Black and other Full-time workers

98 ,538 927046

6,492 58,861

970

99,263 9 3 , 0 8 4

6 ,179 58,741

914

|100,127 94,099

6 ,028 58,478

851

100,753 9 4 , 7 2 6

6,027 58,482

853

101,524 95,616

5,908 5 8 , 3 9 8

760

101,077 95,241

5 ,836 58 ,630

N.A.

101,628 95,751

5,877 58,288

N.A.

101i867 95,855

6,012 58,275

N.A.

PeroMt of labor fore*

6.6 4.7 6.7

16.6 5.7

13.2 6.1

6.2 4 .5 6 .0

16.9 5.4

12 .4 5.7

6.0 4.2 6.1

16.1 5.2

12.1 5.5

6.0! 4 .1 6 .1

16.11 5.2|

11.7[ 5.5j

5.8 4 .0 5.8

L6.3 5.1

11.5 5.2

5 4 . 0 5 . 6

1 6 . 2 5.1

11.3 5.2

5 .8 3 . 9 5 .S

16.2 5.0

11.7 5.2

5.9 4 .1 5.8

16.5 5.2

11.5 5.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Nonfarm payroll employment . . . Goods.-producing industries.. . Service-producing industries . .

Average weekly hours: Total private nonfarm

Manufacturing overtime . . . . .

8 3 , 4 8 9 24 ,583 58 ,906

84 ,262 24 ,766 59 ,495

85 ,677 2 5 , 3 7 6 60 ,302

Thousands of jobs

86,115 2 5 , 4 7 8 60 ,637

86 ,954p 25 ,860p 61 ,095p

86 ,573 2 5 , 6 7 0 60 ,903

87,020p 25,810p 61,150p

87 ,270p 26 ,039p 61 ,231p

Hours of work

3 6 . 0 4 0 . 5

3 . 6

» . 7 4 0 . 2

3 - 6 l

3 6 . 0 4 0 . 6

3 .6

35 .8 40.4

3.5

35 .8p

40 . 6p 3.7p

3 5 . 9

4 0 . 5 3.6

35 . 8p 4 0 . 7 p

3 .6p

35 .8p

40 . 6p 3 .8p

Pf>rMirmn»ry.

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

- 3 -

Over-the-Year Developments

The highlight of the Nation's job situation in 1978 was the strong Increase in employment.

Gains were pervasive throughout the economy, occurring in every major nonfarm industry and

among all major vorker groups. This marked the third consecutive year of sharp expansion in

employment. Most of the over-the-year Increase resulted from an expansion of full-time jobs.

The jobless rate declined in 1978, though more gradually than during the prior 2h years.

From 6.6 percent in late 1977, the rate moved to 6.2 percent in the first quarter, was 6.0 percent

during the middle two quarters, and then edged down to 5.8 percent in the final quarter. Declines

were registered among both black and white workers and for adult men and women, while the rate

for teenagers was about unchanged. Teenagers continued to comprise a growing proportion of the

unemployed, as more than 1 of every 4 unemployed persons was under 20 years of age.

The 2.8-million expansion in the labor force over the course of 1978 was only slightly less

than the growth in the prior year. Adult women increased their numbers in the labor force by

nearly 1.7 million from the fourth quarter of 1977, adult men by almost a million, and teenagers

by 200,000 (despite a slightly declining population). The overall labor force participation

rate rose substantially over the year to a new high of 63.5 percent in the fourth quarter of 1978.

An unprecedented 50 percent of adult women and nearly 60 percent of teenagers were in the labor

force; the rate for adult men was about unchanged at close to 80 percent.

Discouraged Workers

Discouraged workers are persons who report that they want work but are not looking for jobs

because they believe they cannot find any. Because they do not meet the labor market test—

that is, they are not engaged in active job search—they are classified as not in the labor

force rather than unemployed. These da a are published on a quarterly basis.

Following a quarter of no change, the number of discouraged workers resumed the downward

trend that began in late 1977, falling almost 100,000 to 760,000 during the fourth quarter. As

usual, about two-thirds of this total indicated job-market factors as the reasons for not seeking

work. (See table A-8.)

- 4 -

Industry Payroll Employment

Nonagricultural payroll employment increased by 250,000 in December to 87.3 million, as

employment advanced in 76 percent of the 172 industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index of

private nonagricultural payroll employment. Nonfarm jobs have risen by 3.6 million over the past

year. (See tables B-l and B-6.)

Over-the-month employment gains were posted in most of the major industry groups. The

largest increase, for the third consecutive month, was in manufacturing (125,000). About two-

thirds of the gain In factory employment occurred in the durable goods industries. Within the

durable goods, most of the strength was, once again, in the major metals and metal-using

industries, led by machinery, transportation equipment, and fabricated metals. Employment

increases in nondurables occurred primarily in food processing and printing and publishing.

Elsewhere in the goods sector, sizable growth was registered In construction jobs (45,000), while

mining employment was unchanged.

In the service-producing sector, the largest increases occurred in services (35,000), State

and local government (25,000), wholesale trade (20,000), and transportation and public utilities

(20,000). There was also growth in finance, insurance, and real estate.

The only industry in the service-producing sector where employment declined was retail trade,

an retailers apparently added fewer than usual extra workers for the Christmas season. Employment

growth in retail trade has been generally strong throughout the year.

Hours

The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls was 35.8 hours in December, unchanged from November and about in line with levels pre

vailing over the past year. The manufacturing workweek Inched down 0.1 hour to 40.6 hours in

December, but factory overtime, at 3.8 hours, increased by 0.2 hour. (See table B-2.)

The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private non-

agricultural payrolls was 122.5 (1967-100) in December, 0.2 point above the November index. The

overall index has increased by 4.3 percent from a year ago. (See table B-5.)


- 5 -

Hourly and Weekly Earnings

Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural

payrolls increased 0.7 percent in December and 9.1 percent from a year ago (seasonally adjust^).

Average weekly earnings were also up 0.7 percent over the month; weekly earnings have risen by

8.8 percent since December 1977.

Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 3 cents to $5.90, 50 cents

above last December; average weekly earnings were $212.40, $2.25 above November and $16.92 higher

than a year earlier. (See table B-3.)

The Hourly Earnings Index

The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality,

and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries-

was 220.2 (1967-100) in December, 0.5 percent higher than in November. The index was 8.2 percent

above December a year ago. During the 12-month period ended in November, the Hourly Earnings

Index in dollars of constant purchasing power declined 0,6 percent. (See table B-4.)

6

NOTE ON SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT

Once each year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics recalculates the seasonal-adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey). The purpose of the revision is to incorporate the experience of the previous year, As a result of the updating of the factors, seasonally-adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision.

The table below contains the seasonally-adjusted overall unemployment rates for the past 12 months as originally published and as revised by incorporation of 1978 data and the recomputa-tion of the seasonal factors. The revised data are identical to the data originally published for 7 of the 12 months and differ by 0.1 percentage point in the other 5 months. The revisions, of course, do not affect the 1978 annual average rate, which is 6.0 percent.

Revised data for the entire 1974-78 revision period for nearly 500 labor force series, a description of the current seasonal-adjustment procedures, and seasonal-adjustment factors to be used to calculate the overall unemployment rate during 1979 will be published in the February 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised seasonally-adjusted quarterly data for selected labor force series will be issued in the **Labor Force Developments" release of fourth quarter 1978 data on January 18 and in the January 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings. Historical data (monthly and quarterly) from the time of inception of the various series may be obtained from the Bureau upon request. (Contact Gloria Green, 202-523-1944.)

Revised seasonally-adjusted unemployment rates in 1978

Month

January February March April May June July August September October November December

As previously published

6.3 6.1 6.2 6.0 6.1 5.7 6.2 5.9 6.0 5.8 5.8 6.0*

As revised

6.3 6.1 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.9

* Not published.


Explanatory Note

This release presents and analyzes statistics from two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and unemployment (A tables) are derived from the Current Population Survey—a sample survey of households which is conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000 households in order to provide greater reliability for smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia. These supplementary households were added to the 47,000 national household sample in January 1978; thus the sample now consists of about 56,000 households selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over.

Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment, hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approximately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both statistical series relate to the week containing the 12th day of the specified month.

Comparability of household and payroll employment statistics

Employment data from the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. The household survey provides information on the labor force activity of the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16 years of age and over, without duplication. Each person is classified as either employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers (including private household workers), counts the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.

The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at more than one job during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such persons are counted only once in the household survey and are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours.

Unemployment

To be classified in the household survey as unemployed ah individual must: (1) Have been without a

job during the survey week; (2) have made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as unemployed. The unemployed total includes all persons who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a proportion of the civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed combined). '

The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of labor market measures. See, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2 and A-3 of this release and the comprehensive data package in Employment and Earnings each month. A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-l through U-7, these measures represent a range of possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor force—from the most restrictive (U-l) to the most comprehensive (U*7). The official rate of unemployment appears as U-5.

Seasonal adjustment

Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to some degree by seasonal variations. These are recurring, predictable events which are repeated more or less regularly each year—changes in weather, opening and closing of schools, major holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these events are often large. For example, on average over the year, they explain about 95 percent of the month-to-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use seasonally-adjusted data to interpret short-term economic developments. At the beginning of each year, seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force series are calculated for use during the entire year, taking into account the prior year's experience.

All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series. The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem

ployment (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).

For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted series for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the respective component series. These data are also revised annually, often in conjunction with benchmark (comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments. (The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data was based on data through May 1978.)

Sampling variability

Both the household and establishment survey statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into account in evaluating the levels of a series as well as changes over time. Because the household survey is based upon a probability sample, the results may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete census using the same questionnaires and procedures. The standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs from a figure that would be obtained through a complete census by less than the standard error. Tables A through H in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings provide -approximations of the standard errors for unemployment and other labor force categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence, the confidence interval generally used by BLS, the errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following examples provide an indication of the magnitude of sampling error: For a monthly, change in total em

ployment, the standard error is on the order of plus or minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a change in total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The standard error on a change in the national unemployment rate is 0.12 percentage point.

Although the relatively large size of the monthly establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it also may differ from the figures obtained if a complete census using the same schedules and procedures were possible. However, since the estimating procedures utilize the previous month's level as the base in computing the current month's level of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and response errors may accumulate over several months. To remove this accumulated error, the employment estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks (comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in the industrial classification of individual establishments. Employment estimates are currently projected from March 1977 levels.

One measure of the reliability of the employment estimates for individual industries is the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The RMSF is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the oias is small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus 81,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the RMSE) for establishment-survey data and actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables J through O in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings.

NOTE: Household data for December 1978 relate to the week of December 3-9 (week of the 5th).rather than the usual week containing the 12th day.


HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population

[Numbers in thousands!

Employment status Dec.

1977

Nov.

1978

Dec,

197E

Dec.

1977

Aug.

1978

Sept.

1978

Oct.

1978

Nov.

1978

TOTAL

Total noninstitutional population' fijrfwi Forces' Civi.ian noninstitutional population1

Civilian labor fore* Participation rata

Employed Employment-population ratio1.

Agriculture Nonagriculturel industries

Unemployed Unemployment rate

Not in labor force

Man, 20 yean and over

Total noninstitutional population' Civilian noninstitutional population'

Civilian labor force Participation rata

Employed Employment-population ratio3 •

Agriculture Nonagricultural industries


Not in labor force

Women, 20 years and over

Total noninstitutional population1

Civilian noninstitutional population' Civilian labor force

Participation rate Employed

Employment-population ratio1



Not in labor force

Both sexes, 16-19 years


Civilian labor force Participation rate

Employed Employment-population ratio1



Not in labor force

White


Civilian labor force Participation rate

Employed Employment-population ratio1.


Not in labor force

Black and other


Civilian labor force Participation rata

Employed Employment-population ratic!.


Not in labor force

159 2

157 98

92

2 89

5

,736 ,129 ,60 8 ,503 6 2 . 5 ,62 3 58 .0 , 914 , 7 1 0 ,880 6 .0

, 105

68 ,052 66 ,364 5 2 , 9 2 1

7 9 . 7 50 ,514

7 4 . 2 2 ,192

4 8 , 3 2 2 2 ,407

4 .5 13,443

,883 ,783 , 7 0 8 49 . 1 ,53.J 4 6 . 1

4 3 6 , 0 9 4 , 1 7 9

5 . 9 , 0 7 5

16,802 1 6 , 4 6 0

8,873 53 .9

7 ,580 45 . 1

286 7 ,293 1,29 4

14.6 7 ,587

140,264 138,523

86 ,879 6 2 .7

82 ,375 5 8 . 7

4,50 5 5 . 2

51 ,644

19,473 19,084 11,624

6 0 . 9 10,249

5 2 . 6 1,375

11.8 7 , 4 6 0

162,033 2,117

159,916 101,659

6 3 . 6 9 6 , 0 2 9

5 9 . 3 3 , 1 0 )

9 2 , 9 2 9 5 , 6 2 9

5 . 5 58,258

6 9,182 67,486 5 3 , 9 2 4

7 9 . 9 51,955

7 5 . 1 2 ,277

49 ,678 1 , 9 6 9

3 . 7 13,563

7 6 , 110 7 6 , 0 0 1 38,543

50 .7 36 ,362

4 7 . 8 534

35 ,827 2 , 1 8 1

5.7 3 7 , 4 5 8

16,741 16,429

9 , 1 9 2 5 5 . 9

7,712 4 6 . 1

289 7 , 4 2 4 1,4 79

16 .1 7 ,237

4 2 , 0 3 1 4 0 , 3 3 2 8 9 , 5 2 1

63 .8 8 5 , 2 6 1

6 0 . 0 4 , 26 J

4 .8 50 ,811

20 ,002 19,585 12,137

6 2 . 0 10,768

5 3 . 8 1,369

11.3 7,447

162 ,250 2 ,108

160,142 101,632

6 3 . 5 9 5 , 9 0 6

5 9 . 1 2 , 9 9 0

9 2 , 9 1 6 5 , 7 2 5

5 . 6 5 8 , 5 1 0

6 9 , 2 8 8 6 7 , 6 0 0 5 3 , 9 3 5

7 9 . 8 5 1 , 7 1 3

7 4 . 6 2 ,250

49 ,463 2 , 2 2 1

4 . 1 13 ,665

7 6 , 2 2 7 7 6 , 119 38 ,514

5 0 . 6 3 6 , 4 5 7

4 7 . 8 479

3 5 , 9 7 8 2 ,057

5 . 3 3 7 , 6 0 5

16,734 16 ,422

9 , 183 5 5 . 9

7 , 7 3 6 4 6 . 2

2 6 2 7 , 4 7 5 1,447

1 5 . 8 7 , 239

142, 198 140 ,507

8 9 , 5 5 6 6 3 . 7

8 5 , 133 5 9 . 9

4 , 4 2 2 4 . 9

5 0 , 9 5 1

2 0 , 0 5 1 19 ,635 1 2 , 0 7 6

6 1.5 1 0 , 7 7 3

5 3 . 7 1 , 3 ) 3

1 0 . 8 7 , 5 5 9

159,736 2 ,129

157,608 98 ,748

6 2 . 7 9 2 , 5 6 1

5 7 . 9 3 , 3 0 4

8 9 , 2 5 7 6 ,187

6 . 3 58,860

6 8 , 3 5 2 6 6 , 3 6 4 53 ,001

7 9 . 9 50,614

74 .4 2 ,339

48,275 2 ,387

4 . 5 13,363

74 ,883 74,783 36,428

4 8 . 7 3 4 , 0 6 6

4 5 . 5 540

3 3 , 5 2 6 2 , 3 6 2

6 . 5 3 8 , 3 5 5

16,802 1 6 , 4 6 0

9,319 5 6 . 6

7 ,881 4 6 . 9

425 7 , 4 5 6 1,438

15 .4 7 ,141

140,264 138,523 87,065

6 2 . 9 8 2 , 3 5 )

58 .7 4 , 7 1 5

5 . 4 51,458

19,473 19,084 11,708

61 .3 11,237

5 2 . 6 1,471

1 2 . 6 7 , 3 7 6

161 ,348 2 ,122

159,226 100 ,663

6 3 . 2 94 , 7 2 3

5 8 . 7 3 , 3 5 1

9 1 , 3 7 2 5 , 9 4 0

5 . 9 5 8 , 5 6 3

6 8 , 8 2 7 6 7 , 1 2 7 5 3 , 3 9 6

7 9 . 5 5 1 , 2 1 5

74 .4 2 ,357

4 8 , 8 5 8 2 ,181

4 . 1 1 3 , 7 3 1

7 5 , 7 5 3 7 5 , 6 4 5 3 7 , 5 4 3

49 .6 3 5 , 3 1 2

4 6 . 6 581

3 4 , 7 3 1 2 , 2 3 1

5 .9 3 8 , 1 0 2

16 ,768 16 ,455

9 , 7 2 4 5 9 . 1

8 ,196 4 8 . 9

413 7 ,783 1,528

15.7 6 , 7 3 1

141,520 139,817 8 8 , 6 5 5

6 3 . 4 8 4 , 0 6 0

59 .4 4 , 5 9 5

5 . 2 5 1 , 162

,828 ,409 ,994 61 .8 ,616 53 .5 ,378 11.5 , 4 1 5

1 6 1 , 5 7 ) 2,123

159,447 100,974

6 3 . 3 95,010

58.8 3 , 4 ) 6

91,604 5 , 9 6 4

5 . 9 58,473

6 8 , 9 3 7 6 7 , 2 3 6 5 3 , 4 5 9

7 9 . 5 51,287

74 .4 2,409

48 ,878 2,172

4 . 1 13,777

75,873 7 5 , 7 6 4 37 ,921

50 .1 3 5 , 6 9 1

47 .0 597

35,094 2 ,230

5 . 9 37,843

r6,760 16,446

9 , 5 9 4 58.3

8 ,032 47 .9

400 7 , 6 3 2 1,562

1 6 . 3 6 , 8 5 2

141,693 139 ,990

88 ,862 63 .5

8 4 , 2 5 ) 59 .5

4 ,612 5 .2

51,128

19,-876 19,457 12,084

6 2 . 1 1 ) , 7 2 1

53 .9 1,363

1 1 . 3 7 , 3 7 3

161,829 2 , 122

159,707 101,077

6 3 . 3 9 5 , 2 4 1

5 8 . 9 3 ,374

91 ,867 5,836

5 .8 5 8 , 6 3 1

6 9 , ) 8 1 6 7 , 3 8 2 5 3 , 5 9 3

7 9 . 5 51 ,448

74 .5 2 , 3 6 3

49 ,085 2 ,145

4 . 1 13 ,789

7 5 , 9 9 8 7 5 , 8 8 9 3 7 , 8 6 0

4 9 . 9 3 5 , 7 2 6

4 7 . 0 587

3 5 , 1 3 9 2 ,134

5 . 6 38 ,029

16,750 1 6 , 4 3 6

9 , 6 2 4 5 8 . 6

8 ,067 4 8 . 2

424 7 , 6 4 3 1,557

1 6 . 2 6 ,812

141,873 140,170

8 9 , 0 6 7 6 3 . 5

84 ,565 5 9 . 6

4 , 5 ) 2 5 . 1

51 ,103

19 ,955 19,536 12,122

6 2 . 0 10 ,749

5 3 . 9 1,373

11 .3 7 ,414

1 6 2 , 0 3 3 2 , 117

159,916 101,628

6 3 . 6 95 ,75 1

5 9 . 1 3 , 2 7 5

9 2 , 4 7 6 5 ,877

5 .8 58 ,288

6 9 , 182 6 7 , 4 8 6 5 3 , 9 3 8

7 9 . 9 5 1 , 8 2 5

7 4 . 9 2 , 3 3 7

49 ,488 2 ,113

3.9 1 ) , 5 4 8

76 , 11 0 7 6 , 0 0 1 3 0 , 0 9 5

5 0 . 1 3 5 , 8 8 7

47 .2 571

3 5 , 3 1 6 2 , 2 0 8

5 . 8 3 7 , 9 ) 6

16 ,741 16,429 9 ,595

5 8 . 4 8 ,039

4 8 . 0 3 6 7

7 , 6 7 2 1 ,556

16 .2 6 ,834

142 ,031 140,332 89 ,468

6 3 . 8 85 ,013

59 .9 4 , 4 5 5

5 . 0 50 ,864

20 ,002 19,585 12,163

62 . 1 V) ,74 6

5 3 . 7 1,417

1 1 . 7 7 , 4 2 2

The population and Armed Forces figures are no* safjweasd for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadMssd and seasonally adjusted columns.

1 Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed Forces!.

NOTE: Household survey data for periods prior to January 1978 shown in tables A-1 through A 8are not strictly comparable with current data because of the introduction of an expansion in the sample and revisions in the estimation procedures. As a result, the overall civilian labor force and employment totals in January were raised by roughly a quarter of a million: unemployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions in the Current Population Survey in January 1978." Employment and Earnings. February 1978 Vol. 25 No. 2.



Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Selected categories

Numbar of unemployed persons

(In thousands)

D e c .

1 S 7 7

Dec.

1978

Unemployment rates

Dec.

1977

Aug.

1978

S e p t .

1 9 7 8

C c * .

1 9 7 P

N o v .

1 9 7 8 1 9 7 8

CHARACTERISTICS

Total, 16 yean and over Man, 20 yean and over Woman, 20 yean and over Both sexat, 18-10 years

White, total Man, 20 years and over Woman, 20 year* and over Both sexes, 16-19 year*

Black and other, total Man, 20 yean and over Woman, 20 years and over Both sexat, 16-19 years

Married man, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who head families

Full-time workers Part-time workers Unemployed 15 weeks and over' Labor force time lost1

OCCUPATION3

White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers

Blue-collar workers , Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives , Nonfarm laborers

Service workers Farm workers

INDUSTRY 1

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4

Construction Manufacturing

Durable goods Nondurable goods

Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Finance and service industries

Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers

VETERAN STATUS

Mala Vietnam-era veterans:' 20 to 34 years

20 to 24 years 26 to 29 years 30 to 34 years

Mala nonveterens: 20 to 34 years

20to24-years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 year*

6 , 1 8 7 2 , 3 9 7 2 , 3 6 2 1 , 4 3 8

4 , 7 1 5 1 , 8 8 2 1 , 7 8 7 1 , J 4 6

1 , 4 7 1 5 ) 4 5 7 4 3 9 3

1 , 2 3 6 1 , 3 8 6

360

4 , 8 6 9 1 , 2 9 4 1 , 6 4 8

1,882 393 254 289 946

2,341 654 923 2)8 556

1,048 119

4,427 495

1,224 710 514 235

1,312 1,129

670 146

34 3 85

149 109

1,127 679 281 167

6 , 0 12 2 , 1 9 5 2 , 2 2 7 1 , 5 9 0

4 , 6 2 2 1 , 7 1 0 1 , 6 9 4 1 , 2 1 8

1 , 3 9 5 4 9 1 533 3 7 1

1 , 0 1 0 1 , 3 2 7

3 76

4 , 5 9 7 1 , 4 0 3 1 ,2 )8

1,718 452 203 2 29 8 34

2 , 3 3 0 6 25 9 0 5 2 )3 597

1 , 0 8 6 99

4 , 3 5 8 6 13

1 , 1 4 6 5 9 1 5 5 5 1 7 8

1 , 2 7 0 1 , 1 3 2

6 36 1 2 4

3 3 3 98

125 110

1 , 0 0 6 5 8 3 3 0 2 121

6 . 3 4 . 5 6 . 5

15.4

5 . 4 4 . 0 5 . 7

12.6

12.6 3 . 9

11 .4 3 8 . 3

3 . 1 6 . 1 7 . 8

5 . 8 8 . 8 1 .7 6 . 9

3 . 9 2 . 7 2 . 5 4 . 7 5 . 4 7 . 0 5 . 1 8 . 1 5 . 5

1 0 . 7 7 . 7 4 . 1

6 . 2 1 J . 7

5 . 6

5 . 4 1 1 . 4 6 . 0 3 . 5

6 . 8 9 . 4 5 . 2 4 . 4

5 . 9 4 . 1 5 . 9

1 5 . 7

5 . 2 1 .6 5 . 2

1 3 . 7

1 1 . 5 8 . 7

1 0 . 3 3 2 . 5

2 . 8 5 . 6 3 . 0

5 . 4 8 . 7 1 . 2 6 . 5

5 . 9 4 . 1 5 . 9

1 6 . 3

5 . 2 3 .6 5 . 2

1 4 . 1

1 1 . 3 P .2

1 0 . 0 3 4 . 9

2 . 6 5 . 5 8 . 0

5 . 4 e.8 1.3 b . 4

3 . 5 2 . 6 1 . 9 4 . 1 4 . 9 6 . 9 4 . 5 8 . 8 5 . 6 9 . 7 7 . 1 3 . 6

6 . 1 1 3 . 8

7 . 1 3 . 9

5 . 7 8 . 2 4 . 5 2 . 8

3 . 5 2 . 6 2 . 2 4 . 3 4 . 7 6 . 8 4 . 7 8 . 1 5 . 2

1 0 . 5 7 . 4 3 . 9

5 . 8 1 ' i .6

5 . 3 4 . 8 6 . 1

4 . 8 1 0 . 3 7 . 0 2 . 4

5 . 8 8 . 2 4 . 2 3 . 5

5 . 8 4 . •

5 . f 1 6 . 2

5 . 1 3 . * 4 . 9

1 4 . I

1 1 . 3 9 . 3

1 0 . 1 3 4 . 5

3 . 3 2 . 8 1 . 8 4 . 1 4 . 2 6 . 8 4 . 9 7 . 6 4 . 8

1 1 . J 7 . 1 4 . 6

5 . 6 1 1 . 2

4 9 6 2

5 . 8 . 4 . 3 ,

8 3 7 3

e i 4 4

13

1 1 . 7 ».. 3

" ) . 3 Zf . 5

5 . 6 1 >,

5, 4, 5, 3. 6 . 5. 3 . 7 . 9

4 . 8 1 1 . S

* . 3 2 . 7

b . 8 P. ) 4 . 5 3 . 5

5. 4 . 5.

16,

5. 3 . 5 .

14 .

1 1 . 5 P .4

1 -.2 3 4 . 9

2 . 5

3 . 5 3 . 1 1 .9 3 . 6 4 . 6 6 . 8 4 . 7 7 . 7 5 . 3

1 1 . 1 7 . 7 3 . 4

5 . 8 1 2 . 1

5. ) 4 . 4 6 . 0

5 . 5 1 6 . 6

6 . 0 3 . 2

5 . 8 8 . 0 5 . 0 3 . 1

1 Unemployment rata calculated as a percent of civilian labor force. 1 Aggregate houn lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a

percent of potentially available labor force hours. ' Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by

by industry coven only unemployed wege and salary workers. 4 Includes mining, not shown separately. 5 Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1974, and May 7, 1975.



Table A-3 . Selected employment indicators

(In thousands]

D e c .

1 9 7 7

D e c .

1 9 7 8

SaaaonaUy adjusted

D e c .

1 9 7 7

A t i g .

1 9 7 8

S e p t .

1 9 7 8

O c t .

1 9 7 8

N o v .

1 9 7 8

D P C .

1 9 7 8

CHARACTERISTICS

Total employed, 16 years and over Men Women Married man, spouse present Married women, spouse present

OCCUPATION

White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers

Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives

Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers

MAJOR INDUSTRY ANO CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture: Wage and salary workers Self-employed workers Unpaid family workers

Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers

Government Private industries

Private households Other industries

Self-employed workers

Unpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK'

Nonagricultural industries

Full-time schedules Part time for economic reasons

Usually work full time Usually work part time

Part time for nonaconomic reasons

9 2 , 6 2 3 5 4 , 5 2 4 3 8 , 0 9 9 3 8 , 6 5 5 2 1 , 8 9 2

4 6 , 9 8 1 1 4 , 1 7 9

9 ,982 6,039

1 6 , 7 8 0 3 l , 6 > ) 1 2 , 2 0 8 1 0 , 4 4 1

3 , 5 3 9 4 , 4 1 3

1 2 , 6 1 6 2 , 4 2 6

1 , 1 4 7 1 , 5 1 6

250

8 3 , 1 1 9 1 5 , 5 9 2 6 7 , 5 1 7

1 , 4 5 4 6 6 , 0 6 3

6 , 1 7 7 4 2 4

8 6 , 1 1 2 7 0 , 2 1 2

3 , JOB 1 , 2 1 4 1 , 7 9 4

1 2 , 8 9 2

9 5 , 9 0 6 5 5 , 6 6 8 4 0 , 2 3 9 3 9 , 0 2 4 2 2 , 7 8 4

48,852 14,87) 10,289 6,337 17,356 31,654 12,597 10,863

3 , 6 1 7 4 , 5 7 7

1 2 , 9 4 2 2 , 4 5 9

1 , 2 2 6 1 , 5 3 4

2 3 1

8 5 , 9 8 4 1 5 , 5 7 2 7 0 , 4 1 1

1 , 3 3 8 6 9 , 0 7 3

6 , 5 0 6 4 2 7

8 9 , 7 1 5 7 3 , 5 3 3

2 , 8 6 8 1 , 1 7 3 1 , 6 9 5

1 3 , 3 1 4

9 2 , 5 6 1 5 4 , 9 2 2 3 7 , 6 3 9 3 8 , 6 5 3 2 1 , 4 1 2

4 6 , 2 0 5 1 3 , 9 4 7

9 , 9 1 3 5 , 8 1 4

1 6 , 5 3 1 3 0 , 8 8 0 1 2 , 2 1 5 1 0 , 4 5 9

3 , 5 5 6 4 , 6 5 )

1 2 , 6 5 0 2 , 7 8 9

1 , 3 8 4 1 , 6 0 3

3 4 5

8 2 , 6 4 6 1 5 , 3 6 8 6 7 , 2 7 8

1 , 4 2 9 6 5 , 8 4 9

6 , 1 8 7 4 5 5

8 3 , 5 5 6 6 8 , 5 4 2

3 , 2 0 8 1 , 2 4 6 1 , 9 6 2

1 1 , 8 0 6

9 4 , 7 2 3 5 5 , 5 8 1 3 9 , 1 4 3 3 8 , 5 3 4 2 1 , 7 3 7

4 7 , 3 2 5 1 4 , 2 4 6 1 0 , 1 8 0

5 , 8 9 2 1 7 , 0 0 7 3 1 , 5 1 6 1 2 , 5 5 7 1 0 , 7 4 1

3 , 4 2 9 4 , 7 7 9

1 2 , 8 6 6 2 , 7 9 4

1 , 4 2 3 1 , 6 1 1

319

84.5J8 15,275 69,233

1 , 3 6 8 6 7 , 8 6 5

6 , 2 1 9 4 4 9

8 6 , 35 0 7 1 , 2 0 5

3 , 2 9 8 1 , 3 5 0 1 , 9 4 8

1 1 , 8 4 7

9 5 , 0 1 0 5 5 , 5 9 4 3 9 , 4 1 6 3 8 , 7 8 2 2 2 , 1 3 3

4 7 , 5 5 0 1 4 , 1 8 2 1 0 , 0 6 2

5 , 8 9 8 1 7 , 4 0 8 3 1 , 8 9 1 1 2 , 6 2 8 1 0 , 9 8 1

3 , 5 7 3 4 , 7 0 9

1 2 , 7 5 4 2 , 8 5 5

1 , 4 4 2 1 , 6 4 8

3 17

8 4 , 7 8 6 1 5 , 3 3 6 6 9 , 4 5 0

1 , 3 6 1 6 8 , 0 8 9

6 , 2 2 4 4 7 0

3 6 , 3 2 9 7 1 , 0 8 5

3 , 2 0 3 1 , 2 8 3 1 , 9 2 0

1 2 , 0 4 1

95.241 55,754 39,487 38,806 22,194

47,713

14,307

9,968

5,986

17,452 31,9 86 12,556 11,178 3,581 4,671

12,951 2, H21

1,423 1,638

323

85,363 15,387 69,976

1,315 68,661

6,314 453

86,511 71,318 3,164 1,167 1,997

12,029

95,751 56,0Q6 39,655 38,944 22,274

47,883 14,297 11,03'

6,192 17,369 32,2 12 12,646 11,177

3,640 4,739 13,0 )9 2,739

1,424

1,563

293

85,578 15,373 70,205

1,335 68,87''

6,37 > 455

86,653 71,394 3,131 1,279

1,852

12,123

95,355 56,072 39,783 39,03" 25,297

4 8 , 0 4 0 1 4 , 6 2 9 1 ) , 2 1 7

6 , 0 9 2 1 7 , 1 0 2 3 1 , 9 6 2 1 2 , 6 1 0 1 0 , 3 8 7

3 , 6 4 0 4 , 8 2 5

1 3 , 117 2 , 8 2 6

1 , 4 7 8 1 , 6 2 5

3 1 8

8 5 , 5 7 9 1 5 , 3 6 0 7 0 , 2 1 9

1 , 3 1 6 6 8 , 9 0 3

6 , 5 1 5 4 6 0

8 7 , 0 4 6 71 , 7 8 7

3 , 0 5 8 1 , 2 0 9 1 , 8 4 9

1 2 , 2 0 1

1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons n vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4 . Durat ion of unemployment

1 Numbers in thousands]

Weeks of unemployment

DURATION

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

IS to 26 weeks

Not seasonally adjusted

D e c .

1 9 7 7

2 , 3 6 1 1 , 9 5 1 1 , 5 6 8

7 9 1 7 7 7

1 4 . 1 7 . 4

1 0 0 . 0 4 0 . 2 3 3 . 2 2 6 . 7 1 3 . 5 1 3 . 2

D e c .

1 9 7 8

2 , 5 5 3 2 , 0 1 5 1 , 1 5 7

7 0 6 4 5 1

1 1 . 0 6 . 1

1 0 0 . 0 4 4 . 6 3 5 . 2 2 ) . 2 1 2 - 3

7 . 9

Seasonally adjusted

D e c .

1 9 7 7

2 , 6 4 5 1 , 9 1 3 1 , 6 4 8

8 1 3 8 35

1 3 . 7 6 . 8

1 0 0 . 0 4 2 . 6 3 0 . 8 2 6 . 6 1 3 . 1 1 3 . 5

Aug .

1978

2 , 7 9 5 1 , 8 9 5 1 , 2 3 4

6 2 5 6 0 9

1 1 . 4 6 . )

1 0 0 . 0 4 7 . 2 3 2 . 0 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 6 1 0 . 3

S e p t .

1 9 7 8

2 , 7 8 3 1 , 8 6 1 1 , 2 6 8

6 6 3 6 )5

1 1 . 5 5 . 9

1 0 0 . 0 4 7 . 1 3 1 . 5 2 1 . 4 1 1 . 2 1 0 . 2

O c t .

1 9 7 8

2 , 7 " . 0

1 , 7 8 9 1 , 3 1 7

7 3 2 5 8 5

1 1 . 8 5 . 9

1 0 0 . 0 4 6 . 7 3 0 . 7 2 2 . 6 1 2 . 6 1 0 . 0

N o v .

1 9 7 8

2 , 8 3 3 1 , 7 7 4 1 , 1 9 6

6 8 5 5 1 1

1 1 . 0 5 . 4

1 0 0 . i 4 8 . 8 3 0 . 6 2 1 . f 1 1 . 3

8 . R

D e c .

1 9 7 8

2 , 8 7 6 1 , 9 7 9 1 , 2 0 8

726

4 8 2

1 0 . 7

5 . 6

1 0 1 . 0 4 7 . 4 3 2 . 6

1 2 . )


HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Reasons for unemployment

[Numbers in thousand* 1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Lent last job On layoff Other job losers

Left Itit job Reentered labor foroa Sacking first job

PERCENT OF DISTRIBUTION

Total unemployed Job lotan

On layoff Othar job losars

Job leaven Reentrants New entrants

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants


L f P C .

1977

2 , 7 4 9 7 37

* , J 1 2 809

1,642 679

1 0 0 . 0 4 6 . 7 1 2 . 5 3 4 . 2 1 3 . a 2 7 . 9 1 1 . 5

2 . 7 . 8

1 .7

1978

2 , 5 0 4 760

1 , 7 4 4 927

1 ,716 676

1 0 0 . 0 4 3 . 3 1 3 . 3 3 0 . 5 1 4 . 5 3 ,. i 1 1.3

2 . 4

1.7 . 7

Dec.

1977

2 , 6 8 1 691

1 , 9 9 ) 352

1,857 8 27

1 0 0 . 0 4 3 . 1 1 1 . 3 2 . 1 3. 2 9 . 13 .

2 .7 . 9

1.9

'i 7 .

197E

2 , 4 5 9 700

1 , 7 5 9 840

1 ,743 375

1 0 0 . 0 4 1 . 6 1 1 . 3 2 9 . 7 14. 2 2 9 . 5 14 . 8

2 . 4 . 3

1.7 . 9

Seasonally adjusted

Sepr .

197 8

2 ,362 6«3

1 ,679 84 9

1 , 9 1 0 816

1 0 0 . 0 3 9 . 7 1 1 . 5 28 . 14. 32 .

.2

.3

. 4 1 3 . 7

1 .9 . 8

O c * .

1 9 7 8

2 , 4 * 6 6 4u

1 , 8 1 2 312

1 , 7 2 1 C25

l O ^ . O 4 2 . 2 1 1 . 1

31 . 2 1 4 . C 2 9 . 6 1 4 . 2

2 . 4

1 .7

N o v .

2, si I "•><••<

1 ,62b 5 2";

1,7 = 4

1 0 0 . 0 4 1 .7

2 . 3

1.7

197,i

? , 4 u ^ -i i <",

1 ,72" ' ft~n

1 , ' 3 " •3?'

100 40 1 i

2-i 14 3 1 1 .

••'

2 u

4 "i

9 6

1 .9 . P

Table A-6 . Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

Number of unemployed persons

(In thousands)

Dec.

1977

Dec.

1978

Unemployment rates

Dec .

1977

Aug.

1973

Sept .

1^78

Oo- .

1978

lov .

1r<7i3

Dec .

1 ° 7 8

Total, 16 years and over . . . 16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years 18 to 19 yean

20 to 24 years 25 years and over

2b to 54 years 56 years and over . . .

Men, 16 years and over . 16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years 25 years and over . . .

25 to 54 yean . . . 55 years and over .

Women, 16 years and over 16 to 19 years

16 to 17 years 18 to 19 years

20 to 24 years 25 veers and over . . .

*5 to 54 years 55 years and over .

6 , 1 b 7 1,4 38

69d 74 >

1 ,433 3 , 2 5 7 2 , 7 15

56 1

3 , 146 7 5 9 3 60 396 766

1 , 6 1 3 1 , 3 0 2

3 26

3 , 0 4 1 679 338 344 717

1 , 6 3 9 1 , 4 1 3

2 3 5

6 , 0 1 2 1 ,590

834 759

1 , 406 3 , 0 1 5 2 , 6 15

424

3 , 0 4 4 849 455 391 730

1 , 4 6 9 1 , 2 4 9

235

2 , 9 6 8 7 4 1 379 368 676

1 ,546 1 ,366

139

6 . 3 1 5 . 4 1 7 . 8 1 3 . 7 1 0 . 1

4 . 4 4 . 5 3 . 9

5. 15. 16. 13.

9. 3 . 3 . 3 .

7 . 16 . 19 . 13 . 1 0 .

5 . 5 . 4 .

5.9 1 5 . 7 18.fc 1 3 . 5

9 . 0 4 . 1 4 . 3 3 . )

5. 14 . 1 7 . 12 .

8 . 3. 3. 2 .

7 . 1 6 . 1 9 . 1 4 .

9 . 5 . 5 .

5 . 9 1 6 . 3 19. 2 14. ) 9 . 3 4 . 0 4 . 1 3 . 3

3 . 2

7 . 1 17 . 1 1 9 . 4 1 5 . 6 10. 1 4.'9 5 . 2 3. 8

5 . 3 1 6 . 2 1 9 . 2 1 4 . )

8 . 6 3 . 9 4 . 2 3 . i

5 . 1 1 6 . 1 19 . 9 1 3 . 2

8.5 3 . 3 3 .4 2 . 8

6. 8 1 6 . •? 1 8 . 4 1 4 . 8

8 . 7 4 . 9 5 . 2 3.3

5.r> 1 6 . 2 1 9 . 3 1 4 . »

15. °

8 . r' , . 1 3 .2 2 . 5

IP . 1 8 . 15.

5.9 1 6 . * ? 0 . 2 1 3 . 8

9 . 3 3 . 9 4 . 2 2.9

5 . 1 1 6 . 7

1 3 . 6 3 . 9 3 . 2 3 .4 2.6

6 . 9 1 * . 3 1 9 . 6 14 . 1

9 . 7 5 . 0 5 . ? 3 . 3



Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted

(Percent!

1977

IT

1978

II III rv

1978

Nov. Dec.

U-1 —Persons unemployed IS weeks or longer as • percent of the

civilian labor forest

U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force)

U-3—Unemployed parsons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over

U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force

U-S—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official measure)

U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus V4 part-time jobseefcers plus % total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less K of the pan-time labor force

U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus H part-time jobseekers plus M total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less 7. of the part-time labor force

1 . 8

2 . 9

4.6

6 . 1

6 . 6

3 . 1

9 . 1

1 .6

2 . 6

4 . 1

5 . 7

6 . 2

7 . 7

8 . 6

1 . 4

2 . 5

4 . 1

5 . 5

6.0

7 . 6

8 . 4

1 .3

2 . 4

4 . 1

5 . 5

6 . 0

7 . 5

8..4

1 . 2

2 . 4

3 . 9

5 . 2

5 . 8

7 . 2

8 . 0

1.3

2 . 4

3 . 9

5 . 2

5 . 8

7 . 2

H .A .

1 . 2

2 . 3

3 . 8

5 . 2

5 . 8

7 . 2

1.?

2 . 4

3 . 9

5 . 3

5 . 9

7 . 2

N.A.

NA.> not available.

Table A-8. Persons not in the labor force by selected characteristics, quarterly averages

[In thousands!

Characteristics

Net seasonally edjusted

IV IV

1977 1978

Seasonally edjusted

1977

III IV

1978

II III IV

Total not in labor force . . . Do not want a |ob now . Want a job now

Discouraged workers Job-market factors' Personal factors' . . Men Women White Black and other . .

5 8 , 8 0 8 5 3 , 4 9 8

5 , 3 1 2 9 3 4 605 330 2 7 9 655 686 248

5 8 , 3 0 7 5 3 , 2 9 7

5,0.19 7 2 9 4 6 9 260 249 4 8 0 5 1 2 218

5 9 , 1 5 7 5 3 , 2 4 4

5 , 8 8 4 1 ,028

719 309 350 677 7 2 ) 319

5 8 , 8 6 1 5 3 , 1 0 8

5 , 5 6 1 970 630 340 309 661 712 253

5 8 , 7 4 1 5 3 , 7 4 7

5 , 4 2 8 914 6 3 5 2 7 9 344 5 7 0 6 4 7 273

5 8 , 4 78 5 3 , 2 5 2

5 , 2 6 ) 8 5 1 5 4 1 310 3 0 5 546 584 253

58,482 52,745 5,486

851 620 232 291 561 S91 277

58,398 53,110 5,239

76 ) 485 275 275 485 531 232

Job market factors induda "could not And job" and "think* no job available.' * Personal faetora induda and "other personal handicap."

"employers think too young or old." "tacks education or training*"


HOUSEHOLD DATA TaMa A-9. Employment status of tha noninsthutional population for tha tan largast Statas

HOUSEHOLD DATA

[Numbers in thousands!

State and employment status


D e c . 1977

HOT. 1978

Bee. 1976

Seasonally ad|uttad

Oac. 1977

Aug. 1978

Sept. 1978

Oct. 1978

Mov. 1973

uec. 1978

California Civilian noninsntutional population'

Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed

Unemployment rate

Florida


Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate

Illinois

Gvilian noninstitutional population' Civilian labor force


Massachusetts





New Jersey



New York


Employed . Unemployed Unemployment rate . . .

Ohio



ftnneytvania



Texas

Civilian noninstitutional population ' Civilian labor force


1 6 , 0 9 0 1 0 , 3 2 0

9 , 6 0 6 7 1 4 6.9

6,453 3,639 3,388

251 6.9

8,194 5,256 4,964

29 2 5.6

4,317 2,789 2,626

164 5.9

6,590 4,139 3,848

291 7 .0

5,440 3,450 3,212

239 6.9

13,326 7,785 7,153

631 8 .1

7,814 4,798 4,556

242 5.0

8,847 5,209 4,829

380 7 .3

9,101 5,893 5,617

276 4.7

16,372 10,619 9,977

642 6.0

6,643 3,743 3,510

233 6.2

8,251 5,424 5,143

281 5.2

4,357 2,843 2,694

149 5.2

6,661 4,229 3,949

279 6.6

5,490 3,592 3,373

220 6.1

13,361 7,961 7,392

570 7 .2

7,869 5,088 4,838

250 4 .9

8,899 5,350 4,996

354 6.6

9,290 6,112 5,819

292 4.8

16,400 10,712 10,039

673 6.3

6,661 3,723 3,486

237 6 .4

6,258 5,380 5,072

308 5 .7

4,361 2,849 2,686

16 3 5 .7

6,668 4,272 3,984

288 6.7

5,496 3,574 3,327

247 6.9

13,367 8,02 9 7,498

531 6.6

7,876 5,062 4,818

245 4 .8

8,905 5,364 5,043

321 6.0

9,309 6,107 5,823

284 4 .7

16,090 10,317 9,602

715 6.9

a,453 (4 (2) (2) (2)

8, 194 5,276 4,945

331 6 .3

4,317 (2)

2,613 (2) (2)

6 ,590 (2) (2) 319 (2)

5,440 3,487 3,226

261 7 .5

13, 326 7,906 7,2 46

660 8 .3

7,814 4,842 4,580

262 5.4

8,847 5,2 07 4,800

4 07 7.8

9,101 5,9 32 5,625

307 5.2

16,283 10,586

9,807 779 7 .4

6,585 (2) (2) (2) (2)

8,230 5,3 77 5 ,052

325 6 .0

4,343 (2)

2 ,6 70 (2) (2)

6,637 (2) (2) 348 (2)

5,473 3,418 3 ,177

241 7.1

13,341 7,857 7,257

600 7.6

7,849 4,891 4,627

264 5.4

8,878 5,248 4 ,897

351 6.7

9,233 5,979 5,684

295 4.9

16,312 13,667 9,948

719 6 .7

,605 (2) (2) (2) (2)

8,236 5,353 5,060

293 5.5

4,347 (2)

2,679 (2) (2)

6 ,644 (2) (2) 280 (2)

5,478 3,544 3,282

262 7.4

13,347 7,888 7,275

613 7 .8

7,856 5,038 4,748

290 5.8

8,885 5,305 4,899

405 7.7

9,251 5,928 5,648

280 4 .7

16,344 10,642 9,950

692 6.5

6,625 (2) (2) (2) (2)

8,245 5,410 5,109

301 5.6

4,353 (2)

2,660 (2) (2)

6,654 (2) (2) 299 (2)

5,485 3,563 3,317

246 6.9

13,356 7,988 7,321

667 8.4

7,863 5,084 4,814

270 5 .3

8,893 5,321 4,922

399 7.5

9,272 6,046 5,772

274 4 .5

16,372 13,644 9,996

648 6 .1

o, 643 (2) (2) (2) (2)

6,251 5,448 5,134

314 5 .8

4 , 3 5 7 (2)

2 , 5 7 9 (2) (2)

6,661 (2) (2) 311 (2)

5,490 3,613 3,365

246 6.9

13,361 8,045 7,476

569 7.1

7,869 5,099 4,324

275 5 .4

8,899 5 ,373 4,973

400 7.4

9,290 5,112 5,810

302 4 .9

15,403 10,709 10,035

674 6.3

6 ,661 (21 <2> (21 (2)

6,258 5,402 5,053

349 6.5

4 ,361 (21

2 ,674 (21 (2)

6 ,668 (2) (24 316 (24

5,496 3,610 3,341

269 7.5

13,367 8, 146 7,591

555 6.3

7,876 5,107 4,842

265 5 .2

3,905 5,361 5,012

349 6.5

9,309 6,143 5,831

317 5 .2

1 Tha population tigums are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers appear in tha unadjusted and tha seasonally adjusted columns.

* Than are tha official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of Federal fund allocation programs.

NOTE: A comprehensive reappraisal of the seasonal adjustment of the employment and Unemployment series for all 10 States is now underway. Revisions in certain series will be introduced in the near future. Data appearing in this table have not been reseasonally adjusted.

Seasonally-adjusted data are not presented for this series, because the variations that are due to seasonal influences cannot be separated with sufficient precision from those which stem from the trend-cycle and irregular components of the original time series.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagriculturai payrolls by industry

(In thousands)

Industry

Nat seasonally adjusted

U £ C . 1.977

U . T . 1978

NOV. P 1978

O c t . p 1978

Seasonally adiustad

DEC. 1 9 7 7

AUG. 1 9 7 8

S E P T . 1 9 7 8

O C T . 1 9 7 8

NuV.p 197b

O E C . p 1 9 7 8

TOTAL

GOODS-PRODUCING

MINING

CONSTRUCTION

MANUFACTURING Production workers

DURABLE GOODS Production workers

Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing

NONDURABLE GOODS Production workers

Food and kindred products Tobacco manufacturers Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

WHOLESALE TRADE

RETAIL TRADE

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

SERVICES

GOVERNMENT

FEDERAL STATE AND LOCAL

8 4 , 4 6 4

2 4 , 5 6 8

082

3 , 0 * 6

IV, 990 1 4 , 3 7 8

I i t 877 6 , 3 4 0

7 * 4 . 0 4 8 * . 2 67a .a

i t 1 7 5 . 5 1 , 6 2 0 . 4 2 , i . 6 t . O 1 , 9 * 3 . 1 1 , 9 1 6 . 1

6 2 9 . 7 * * 0 . 5

6 , 1 1 3 5 , a 3 8

1 , 6 6 0 . 0 7 d . 4

V 1 6 . 5 l , - > i j . 6

6 9 7 . 5 1 , 1 6 5 . 4 1 , 0 7 2 . 9

<:03.3 73 ,2 .9

3 * » a 9 6

* , 7 7 3

1 9 , 3 6 8

* , 797 1 4 , 7 7 1

*»3:>3

1 3 , 3 4 0

1 5 , 4 8 2

i , / 2 4 ic, 73b

8 7 , 3 0 j

2 6 , l b l

89 7

4 , 6 0 1

2 0 , 6 o 3 1 4 , 8 7 8

1 ^ , 4 1 1 8 , 9 2 6

7 6 1 . 1 4 9 1 . 4 7 0 9 . 6

1 , 2 2 0 . j 1 , 6 8 4 . 9 2 , 3 8 3 . 6 2 , 0 0 6 . 8 2 , 0 1 0 . 7

6 6 6 . fc> 4 7 5 . 5

8 , 2 5 2 5 , 9 5 2

1 , 7 3 5 . 6 7 8 . 6

v l O . * 1 , 3 2 6 . 1

6 9 5 . 7 1 , 1 8 8 . 1 1 , 0 9 1 . 9

2 1 2 . 0 7 6 2 . 9 2 5 0 . 4

6 1 , 1 4 2

4 , 9 5 *

1 9 , 7 0 1

* » 9 7 o

1 4 , 7 3 1

4 , 7 3 2

1 6 , 2 0 1

1 5 , 5 5 o 2 , 7 * o

1 2 , 8 1 0

8 7 , 7 7 9

* 6 , 1 5 0

90 3

4 , 5 1 6

2 0 , 7 3 1 i * , 9 j 5

1 2 , 4 8 2 8 , 9 6 7

755 . 4 9 2 . 7 0 9 .

1 * * 3 0 . 1 , 6 9 4 . 2 , 4 0 6 . 2 , 0 1 8 . 2 , 0 2 9 .

6 7 * . 4 7 1 .

0 , 2 4 9 5 , 9 * 8

1 , 7 0 9 . 0 7 b . o

9 l 2 . 5 1 , 3 2 3 . 3

704 . 1 1 , 2 0 1 . 9 1 , 0 9 4 . 7

2 1 0 . 7 7 b 7 . 5 2 4 9 . 0

6 1 , o 2 9

4 , 9 7 0

l * , 9 o 7

4 , 9 o 7 I t , 9 6 0

4 , 7 6 1

1 5 , 7 ; 3

<. , 7 * 6 l t , 9 5 7

6 6 , 0 4 3

* 3 , 9 7 6

o 9 o

4 , 3 4 7

ZO, 733 1 4 , 9 3 7

U , 3 1 o 9 , 0 1 6

75*1.2 4 9 3 . 2 6 9 0 . 9

1 14.16.J 1 , 7 0 J . 5 2 , 4 3 6 . 2 2 , 0 1 9 . 6 2 , 0 4 6 . 1

6 7 7 . 8 4 5 2 . 1

o , * i 3 5 , 9 1 9

1 , 0 6 7 . 4 7 3 . 3

9 1 0 . 3 1 , J 0 7 . 6

7 0 1 . 6 i , « . i 7 . 7 1 . U 9 1 . 2

* 0 b « 6 7 6 0 . 2 < :4o . *

Ct , 0 o 7

* , 9 9 0

3 , 0 0 4 1 5 I -> 7 *

* , 7 74

i o , 2 1 5

1 5 , 7 1 0

* , 7 a 5 i * » 9 5 5

8 3 , 7 1 9

2 4 , 6 2 6

6 8 7

3 , 9 5 5

1 9 , 9 8 4 1 4 , 3 7 5

1 1 , 8 5 1 8 , 5 1 5

756 4 8 1 685

1 , 1 8 0 1 , 6 1 7 2 , 2 5 1 1 , 9 1 2 1 , 8 9 5

6 2 8 446

8 , 1 3 3 5 , 8 6 0

1 , 7 0 0 74

917 1 , 3 2 0

697 1,15© 1,07c.

2 0 6 734 253

5 9 , 0 9 3

<»,749

1 8 , 9 1 1

4 , 7 8 3 1 4 , 1 2 8

4 , 5 4 7

1 5 , 6 1 8

1 5 , 2 6 c

2 , 7 2 3 1 2 , 5 4 5

8 6 , 1 4 9

2 5 , 4 6 3

88 7

4 , 2 9 8

2 0 , 2 7 8 1 4 , 5 3 2

1 2 , 1 4 6 8 , 6 9 3

743 4 8 1 6 9 2

1 , 2 0 5 1 , 6 4 6 2 , 3 5 1 1 , 9 7 5 1 , 9 4 1

6 6 1 451

8 , 1 3 2 5 , 8 3 9

1 , 6 7 0 6 9

9 0 3 1 , 3 0 9

6 9 8 1 , 1 8 8 1 , 0 8 9

2 0 9 746 2 5 1

6 0 » 6 8 6

4 , 8 4 6

1 9 , 5 2 3

4 , 9 0 5 1 4 , 6 1 8

4 , 7 0 7

1 6 , 0 7 4

1 5 , 5 3 6

2 , 7 6 5 1 2 , 7 7 1

8 6 , 1 6 3

2 5 , 4 7 1

8 8 7

4 , 2 9 8

2 0 , 2 8 6 1 4 , 5 3 6

1 2 , 1 6 6 8 , 7 0 6

7 4 4 4 8 0 6 9 2

1 , 2 1 4 1 , 6 5 0 2 , 3 5 8 1 . 9 7 2 l t 9 4 3

6 6 2 4 5 1

8 , 1 2 0 5 , 8 3 0

1 * 6 6 5 7 0

90 7 1 , 3 0 9

69 7 1 * 1 7 8 1 , 0 8 8

2 0 9 7 4 4 2 5 3

6 0 , 6 9 2

4 , 8 5 5

1 9 , 5 4 6

4 , 9 1 7 1 4 , 6 2 9

4 , 7 1 9

1 6 , 1 2 7

1 5 , 4 4 5

2 , 7 5 2 1 2 , 6 9 3

8 6 , 5 7 3

2 5 , 6 7 0

8 9 3

4 , 3 4 1

2 0 , 4 3 6 1 4 , 6 5 5

1 2 , 3 0 5 8 , 8 1 6

7 748 4 8 4 6 9 6

1 , 2 2 0 1 , 6 6 7 2 , 3 9 1 1 , 9 8 7 1 , 9 9 1

6 6 5 4 5 6

8 , 1 3 1 5 , 8 3 9

1 , 6 6 7 71

907 1 , 3 0 7

6 9 2 1 * 1 8 5 1 , 0 8 9

2 1 0 752 2 5 1

6 0 , 9 0 3

4 , 9 2 2

1 9 , 6 3 2

4 , 9 4 5 1 4 , 6 8 7

4 , 7 3 7

1 6 , 1 6 9

1 5 , 4 4 3

2 , 7 6 0 1 2 , 6 8 3

6 7 , 0 2 0

2 5 , 8 7 0

9 0 2

4 , 3 6 8

2 0 , 6 0 0 1 4 , 8 0 3

1 2 , 4 0 9 8 , 9 0 6

7 5 9 4 8 7 701

1 , 2 3 6 l , 6 o 5 2 , 4 0 4 1 , 9 9 9 * , 0 0 9

6 7 2 457

8 , 1 9 1 5 , 8 9 5

1 , 6 * 2 71

9 1 0 1,3U8

700 1 , 1 9 8 1 , U 9 4

2 1 0 7 6 0 2 * 8

o l , 1 3 0

4 , 9 4 5

1 9 , 6 9 7

4 , 9 6 7 1 4 , 7 J 0

4 , 7 7 5

1 6 , 2 6 1

1 5 , 4 7 2

2 , 7 3 7 1 2 , 7 1 5

8 7 , 2 7 0

2 6 , 0 3 9

9 0 2

4 , 4 1 3

2 0 , 7 2 4 1 4 , 9 3 0

1 2 , 4 9 0 8 , 9 9 0

76 5 4 9 0 706

1 , 2 4 3 1 , 7 0 0 2 . 4 2 2 2 , 0 0 6 2 , 0 2 4

6 7 6 4 5 8

8 , 2 3 4 5 , 9 4 0

1 , 7 1 0 71

9 1 1 1 , 3 1 4

701 1 , 2 0 8 1 , 0 9 4

2 1 1 767 247

6 1 , 2 3 1

4 , 9 6 5

1 9 , 6 8 7

4 , 9 8 9 1 4 , 6 9 8

4 , 7 8 8

I 6 , 2 9 6

1 5 , 4 9 5

2 , 7 5 7 1 2 , 7 3 8

p-preliminary.

NOTE: Establishment data shown in tables B-1 through 8-8 have been revised to conform to the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to March 1977 benchmark levels; consequently, they are not comparable with data published prior to the October 6,1978 release. For a discussion of the effect of these revisions, see "BLS Establishment Estimates Revised to Reflect New Benchmark Levels and 1972 SIC " Employment and Earnings, October 1978, Vol. 25, No. 10.



Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry

Industry

T O T A L P R I V A T E

M I N I N G

C O N S T R U C T I O N

M A N U F A C T U R I N G

DURABLE GOODS

Electric and electronic equipment

NONDURABLE GOODS

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D P U B L I C U T I L I T I E S

W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E

W H O L E S A L E T R A D E R E T A I L T R A D E

F I N A N C E , I N S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L E S T A T E

S E R V I C E S

Mot seasonally adjusted

D E C . 1 9 7 7

J 6 . 2

t 2 . 7

3 6 . 1

4 1 . 1

3 . 7

4 4 . 0 4 . 0

t O . O H O . 5 t i . 5 4 1 . 9 4 2 . 0 4 J . 0 4 1 . 3 4 t . O 4 1 . 3 J 9 . 1

J « * . 9

J . 3

4 0 . J J O . 7 4 0 . 9 J O . 1 4 J . 6 3 0 . 2 4 2 . 2 t 3 . 3 4 1 . 3 3 7 . 4

* 0 . 2

J J . 4

J 9 . 0

3 1 . 7

J C . 4

J 3 . 0

U C T . 1 9 7 8

3 5 . 9

4 3 . 7

3 7 . 9

4 0 . 6 3 . 0

4 1 . 3 4 . 1

4 0 . - * 3 9 . 6 4 2 . J 4 1 . V 4 1 . 0 4 2 . 0 4 0 . 4 4 2 . 7 4 1 . 0 3 9 . 1

3 9 . 5

3 . 4

4 0 . 0 J 7 . i 4 0 . 3 3 5 . 6

4 2 . 8 3 7 . 6 4 1 . 9 4 4 . 3 4 1 . J J 7 . 1

4 0 . 1

3 2 . 7

3 9 . 0 3 0 . o

3 6 . o

3 2 . 7

N O V . 1 9 / 0 P

J 5 . O

4 J . 7

3 6 . 4

f U i 9 J . o

4 1 . 6 4 . 1

J 9 . 0 J 9 . 3 4 2 . 2 t 4 . t 4 1 . J 4 4 . 3 4 0 . 7 t j . 0 4 1 . 2 3 9 . J

3 9 . 6 J . 3

4 0 . 0 3 6 . o 4 0 . 6 3 6 . 0 4 J . j J 6 . 0 4 2 . 2 <*4.0 4 1 . 3 J 7 . 1

4 0 . )

3 2 . 6

3 6 . 9 J j . 6

3 6 . J

3 2 . o

U c C . 1 .976 P

J 6 . 0

t J . 6

J O . 6

4 1 . 2 J . 9

4 4 . 1 t . J

J 9 . 7 4 0 . 2 4 4 . 2

4 4 . 6 4 4 . 0

4 J . 4 t i . i t j . 9 t l . 7 J 9 . U

J * . 9

J . t

4 j . i J o . 7 4 0 . 6 J O . 0 4 j . 5

J O . J

4 J . 6

• • 2 . 2 J 7 . i

t O . 4

J J . U

J 9 . 1 3 1 . 1

3 6 . J

J 4 . 6

Seasonally adjusted

J f c C . 1 9 7 7

3 5 . 9

4 2 . 9

3 6 . 2

4 0 . 5 3 . 6

4 1 . 2 3 . 6

4 0 . 0 3 9 . 6 4 1 . 3 4 1 . 6 4 1 . 2 4 1 . 9 4 0 . 5 4 2 . 4 t O . 5 J 6 . 6

3 9 . 4

J 9 . 9 3 6 . 0 4 0 . 5 3 5 . 9 4 2 . 9 3 7 . 6

4 1 . 7 4 3 . 4 4 0 . 6 3 7 . 0

4 0 . 0

3 3 . 1

3 8 . 8 3 1 . 4

3 6 . 4

3 3 . 0

A U 0 .

1 9 7 8

3 5 . 8

4 3 . 6

3 7 . 1

4 0 . 3 3 . 4

4 1 . 0 3 . 6

3 9 . 3 3 9 . 0 4 1 . 6 4 2 . 0 4 0 . 9 4 1 . 8 4 0 . 4 4 1 . 8 4 1 . 0 3 9 . 0

3 9 . 3

3 . 2

3 9 . 5 3 7 . 7 4 0 . 4 3 5 . 6 4 2 . 7 3 7 . 4 4 1 . 9 4 4 . 3 4 0 . 9 3 7 . 1

3 9 . 9

3 2 . 8

3 8 . 8 3 0 . 9

3 6 . 5

3 2 . 7

S E P T . 1 9 7 8

3 5 . 8

4 3 . 0

3 7 . 0

4 0 . 4 3 . 6

4 1 . 1 3 . 8

3 9 . 6 3 8 . 8 4 1 . 8 4 1 . 8 4 0 . 9 4 1 . 9 4 0 . 1 4 2 . 5 4 0 . 9 3 9 . 0

3 9 . 4

3 . 2

3 9 . 5 3 7 . 9 4 0 . 4 3 5 . 7 4 2 . 7 3 7 . 8 4 1 . 8 4 3 . 8 4 1 . 0 3 7 . 2

4 0 . 1

3 2 . 8

3 9 . 0 3 0 . 9

3 6 . 5

3 2 . 8

O C T . 1 9 7 8

3 5 . 9

4 3 . 0

3 6 . 9

4 0 . 5 3 . 6

4 1 . 2 3 . 9

4 0 . 1 3 9 . 0 4 1 . 6 4 2 . 1 4 0 . 8 4 2 . 0 4 0 . 3 4 2 . 6 4 0 . 9 3 8 . 8

3 9 . J

3 . 2

3 9 . 9 3 6 . 7 4 0 . 3 3 5 . 2 4 2 . 6 3 7 . 7 4 1 . 9 4 3 . 9 4 1 . 0 3 7 . 1

4 0 . 1

3 2 . 9

3 8 . 9

3 1 . 0

3 6 . 6

3 2 . 8

N u V . l * 7 d P

J 5 . 0

4 3 . 2

3 6 . 7

t O . 7 J . 6

4 1 . 4 4 . 0

4 0 . 0 J 9 . 2 t 2 . 0 4 2 . 5 4 1 . 0 t 4 . 2 t 0 . 4 t 2 . 9 t O . 8 J o . 8

J 9 . 5

3 . 2

J 9 . 9 3 7 . t 4 0 . 4 3 5 . 7 4 3 . 1 J 7 . 8

4 2 . 0 4 3 . 7 t l . 2 J o . 9

t0,0

J 2 . 6

3 8 . 9 3 0 . 9

J 6 . J

3 2 . 7

DEC. 1978 P

3 5 . 8

4 4 . 0

3 6 . 9

4 0 . 6 3 . 8

4 1 . 3 4 . 1

3 9 . 7 3 9 . 3 4 2 . 0 4 2 . 3 4 1 . 2 4 2 . 1 4 0 . 3 4 2 . 3 4 0 . 9 3 9 . 1

3 9 . 5 3 . 4

3 9 . 7 3 8 . 0 4 0 . 4 3 5 . 8 4 2 . 8 3 7 . 7 4 1 . 7 4 3 . 7 4 1 . 5 3 6 . 7

4 0 . 0

3 2 . 7

3 8 . 9 3 0 . 8

3 6 . 3

3 2 . 6

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and

retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls,

p • preliminary.



Tabla B-3. Avaraga hourly and waakly aarninga of production or nonauparvisory workara on privata

nonagricultural payrolla by induatry

Industry

i hourly earnings

OEC. 1 9 7 7

O C T . 1 9 7 8

NUV. p

1*78 OEC. p

1978

Average weekly earnings

OEC. 1977

OCT. 1978

NOV. p 1978

TOTAL PRIVATE Smtona/ly tdjutttd

M I N I N G

CONSTRUCTION


DURABLE GOODS

Lumber and wood products

Furniture and fixture* Stone, clay, and glan products Primary metal industries Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing

NONDURABLE GOOD*

Food and kindred products Tobacco manufacturers Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products.

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S

WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E

WHOLESALE T R A D E

RETAIL T R A D E

F INANCE, INSURANCE, A N D REAL ESTATE

SERVICES

$5.40 5.41

6.77

8.29

5.92

6.33

5.27 4.51 6.00 7.76 6.12 6.54 5.65 7.67 5.51 4.54

5.30

5.60 5.80 4 . 1 * 3.76 6.24 6.27 6.72 8.00 5.29 3.69

7.29

4.38

5.61 3.93

4.67

4.80

$5.86 5.82

7.97

8.88

6.32

6.76

5.77 4.78 6.48 8.42 6.49 6.94 5.96 8.21 5.79 4.77

5.64

5.89 5.99 4.42 4.01 6.68 6.58 7.19 8.67 5.66 3.94

7.72

4.78

6.06 4.28

5.02

5 . U

$5.87 5.86

8.04

tt.b9

6.37

6.81

5.73 4.79 6.51 8.51 6.54 7.00 5.98 8.26 5.83 4.80

5.69

5.98 6.18 4.45 4.04 6.75 6.62 7.21 8.73 5.70 3.98

7.73

4.80

6.08 4.J0

5.03

5.13

$5.90 5.90

8 . 05

8.94

6.45

6.89

5.73 4.84 6.52 8.55 6.61 7.08 6.07 8.36 5.93 4.88

5.75

6.03 6.38 4.48 4.07 6.81 6.67 7.25 8.86 5.80 4.00

7.78

4.79

6.13 4.29

5.05

5.16

H 9 5 . 4 8 194.22

2 89.08

299.27

243.31

265.86

210.80 182.66 249.00 325. 14 257.04 281.22 233.35 337.48 227.56 177.51

211.47

225.68 224.46 169.33 135.74 272.06 239.51 283.58 348.00 218.48 138.01

293.06

146.29

218.79 124.58

169.99

158.40

$210.37 208.94

348.29

336.55

256.59

279.19

233.11 189.29 274.10 352.80 266.09 291.48 240.78 350.57 237.39 186.51

222.78

235.60 224.63 178.13 142. 76 285.90 248. 72 301.26 384.08 233. 76 146.17

309.57

156.31

236.34 131.82

183.73

167.42

$210.15 209. 79

351.35

323.60

260.53

283.30

228.05 189.21 274.72 360.82 270.10 297.50 243.39 355.18 240.20 188.64

226.46

239.20 238.55 180.67 145.44 292.28 251.56 304.26 384.12 236.55 147.66

309.20

156.48

236.51 131.58

182.59

167.24

1 See footnote 1, table B-2. ' See footnote 2, table B-2.

D-preliminary.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Hourly earnings index for production or nonsuparvisory workers' on private nonagricultural payro l l * by industry division, sooaonally adjusted [1967-1001

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Induitry

TOTAL P R I V A T E N O N F A R M :

MINING CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING TRANSPORTATION ANO PUBLIC UTILITIES WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE FINANCE. INSURANCE. ANO REAL ESTATE SERVICES

O E C . 19 77

2 0 3 . 5 1 0 9 . 4

2 1 7 . 7 1 9 1 . 4 2 0 6 . S 2 2 2 . 1 1 9 5 . 9 1 8 6 . 0 2 0 3 . 5

JULY 1 9 7 8

2 1 4 . 1 1 0 9 . 0

2 4 4 . 3 2 0 7 . 9 2 1 6 . 7 2 3 0 . 4 2 0 7 . 6 1 9 6 . 9 2 1 3 . 2

A U G . 1 9 7 8

2 1 4 . 6 1 0 8 . 7

2 4 4 . 5 2 0 9 . 2 2 1 7 . 5 2 3 1 . 2 2 0 8 . 3 1 9 6 . 0 2 1 2 . 9

S E P T . 1 9 7 8

2 1 6 . 2 1 0 8 . 7

2 4 7 . 1 2 0 9 . 9 2 1 8 . 9 2 3 3 . 3 2 0 9 . 9 1 9 8 . 2 2 1 4 . 8

O C T . 1 9 7 8

2 1 8 . 0 1 0 8 . 8

2 4 9 . 7 2 1 0 . 6 2 2 0 . 8 2 3 4 . 0 2 1 1 . 6 1 9 9 . 8 2 1 7 . S

N O V . P 1 9 7 8

2 1 9 . 0 1 0 8 . 7

2 4 9 . 7 2 1 1 . 7 2 2 2 . 2 2 3 4 . 8 2 1 2 . 8 2 0 0 . 9 2 1 7 . 7

O E C . P 1 9 7 8

2 2 0 . 2 N . A .

2 4 9 . 1 2 1 3 . 2 2 2 3 . 3 2 3 7 . 1 2 1 3 . 9 2 0 1 . 1 2 1 0 . 9

Paroant change from—

O E C . 1 9 7 7 -C E C . 1 9 7 8

8 . 2 1 2 1

1 4 . 4 8 . 0 8 . 2 6 . 7 9 . 2 8 . 2 7 . 6

N O V . 1 9 7 8 -D E C . 1 9 7 8

0 . 5

m - . 2

. 7 . 5

1 . 0 . 5 . 1 . 5

I Saa footnott 1. tabta B-2.

« PERCENT CHANGF WAS - . 6 FROM NOVEMBER 1 9 7 7 TO NOVEMBER 1 9 7 8 , THE LATEST P0KTH A V A I L A B L E . * PERCENT CHANGE WAS - . 1 FROM OCTOBER 1 9 7 8 TO NOVEMBER 1 9 7 8 , THE LATEST MONTH A V A I L A B L E .

N.A. - not available, p-prelirmnary.

NOTE: All series are in currant dollars excapt where premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which

indieatad. Tha index excludes effect* of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtin data are available) and tha effects of changes in tha proportion of workars in high-wage and low-wage industries.

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on privete

nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

[1967-1001

Industry division and group

T O T A L PRIVATE

GOODS-PRODUCING

M I N I N G

CONSTRUCTION


Electric and electronic equipment

NONDURABLE GOODS

Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products

SERVICE-PRODUCING

TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S

WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E

WHOLESALE T R A D E RETAIL T R A D E

F INANCE, INSURANCE, A N D REAL ESTATE

SERVICES

1 Saa footnote 1. table B-2. 1 Sac footnote 2. table B-2.

1 9 7 7

U t C .

1 1 7 . 5

1 0 1 . 6

lu7.a

1 0 6 . 6

i 0 0 . 4

1 0 1 . 7 1 1 4 . 5 1 0 8 . 9 1 0 9 . 0

9 1 ' . 9 1 U 1 . 1 1 0 6 . 2

9 d . 6 9 5 . 7

1 1 6 . 0 9 9 . 0

• » 7 . 9 9 4 . 6 7 8 . 7 9 3 . 0 9 1 . 1 9 9 . 6 9 6 . 7

1 0 4 . 5 1 1 9 . 8 1 4 4 . 1

1 4 B . 5

1 0 6 . 9

1 4 4 . 7

1 4 3 . 0 1 4 5 . 4

1 3 3 . 9

1 4 4 . 1

1 9 7 8

J A N .

1 1 6 . 2

9 9 . 3

1 U 5 . 6

1 0 0 . 3

9 8 . 9

1 0 0 . 5 1 1 3 . 2 1 0 6 . 1 1 0 6 . 4

9 4 . 2 9 9 . 4

1 0 4 . 6 9 7 . 3 9 4 . 9

1 1 6 . 3 9 7 . 4

9 6 . 5 9 4 . 5 7 7 . 9 9 2 . 6 8 5 . 6 9 d . 7 9 6 . 7

1 0 4 . 4 1 1 9 . 9 1 4 1 . 0

6 8 . 0

1 4 7 . 9

1 0 7 . 0

1 2 3 . 7

1 4 3 . 1 1 4 3 . 9

1 3 4 . 3

1 4 1 . 7

F c o .

1 1 7 . 1

1 0 O . 9

1 0 6 . d

1 0 4 . 2

1 0 0 . 1

1 0 1 . 9 1 1 4 . 0 1 1 1 . 1 1 0 d . 4

9 3 . 4 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 7 . 1

9 8 . a 9 3 . 7

1 1 7 . 5 9 9 . J

9 7 . 4 9 4 . 7 7 9 . 4 9 2 . 5 9 0 . 1 9 9 . 1 9 6 . 9

1 0 4 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 1 4 0 . 1

6 7 . 6

1 4 8 . 4

1 0 7 . 7

1 2 4 . 4

1 4 3 . 9

1 3 5 . 1

1 4 1 . a

M A k .

1 1 9 . 1

1 J 3 . 6

U 1 . 3

1 1 1 . 5

1 0 4 . 0

1 0 . J . 9 1 1 4 . 3 1 1 4 . 5 1 1 1 . 0 9 4 . 8

1 0 4 . 9 1 0 9 . 4 1 0 1 . 2

9 7 . 4 1 4 0 . 5 1 0 4 . 0

9 9 . 2 9 6 . 2 8 2 . 0 9 3 . 7 9 1 . 6

1 0 1 . 6 9 9 . 3

1 0 b . 0 1 4 1 . 3 1 4 4 . 5

6 9 . 1

1 4 9 . 8

1 0 9 . 1

1 4 5 . 9

1 2 5 . 3

1 4 3 . 3

A P R .

1 2 0 . 4

1 U 6 . 0

1 4 4 . 2

l i d . 8

1 0 4 . 5

1 0 4 . 4 1 1 5 . 0 1 1 4 . 5 1 1 4 . 7

9 2 . 9 1 0 3 . 5 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 4

9 7 . 5 1 4 1 . 7 1 0 2 . 6

9 9 . 9 9 6 . 4 o 0 . 4 9 3 . 4 9 3 . 2

1 0 2 . 4 9 9 . 1

1 0 6 . 5 1 4 2 . 1 1 4 7 . 3

7 1 . 3

1 ^ 0 . 5

I O b . 7

1 4 6 . 4

1 2 6 . 0

1 3 7 . 5

1 4 4 . 1

p-pre

MAT

1 2 0 . 0

1 0 5 . 1

1 * 3 . 1

1 1 7 . 1

1 0 1 . 6

1 0 3 . 5 1 1 1 . 8 1 1 0 . 3 1 1 1 . 4 9 3 . 9

1 0 3 . 3 1 0 9 . 5

9 9 . 8 9 6 . 6

1 2 0 . 8 1 0 1 . 5

9 8 . 9 9 4 . 6 8 1 . 5 9 2 . 6 9 1 . 9

1 0 1 . 9 9 8 . 2

- 1 0 6 . 9 1 1 8 . 4 1 4 6 . 6

7 0 . 4

1 3 0 . 5

1 0 9 . 0

1 4 6 . 8

1 2 5 . 2 1 2 7 . 3

1 3 6 . 2

1 4 3 . 8

li mi nary.

JUNE

1 2 0 . 6

1 0 6 . 0

1 4 4 . 0

1 4 2 . a

1 0 1 . 7

1 0 3 . 8 1 1 3 . 6 1 0 9 . 5 1 1 2 . 4

9 4 . 1 1 0 2 . 4 1 1 1 . 3

9 9 . 8 9 5 . 8

1 2 2 . 4 1 0 1 . 4

9 8 . 7 9 4 . 0 d 4 . 1 9 1 . 8 9 1 . 4

1 0 1 . 9 9 8 . 6

1 0 6 . 9 1 2 0 . 4 1 4 7 . 0

7 0 . 1

1 3 0 . 7

1 0 9 . 4

1 4 6 . 8

1 4 6 . 1 1 4 7 . 0

1 3 7 . 9

1 4 3 . 9

JULY

1 2 0 . 6

1 0 6 . 1

1 4 3 . 5

1 2 4 . 2

1 0 1 . 6

1 0 4 . 0 1 1 2 . 3 1 0 8 . 3 1 1 1 . 1 9 4 . 4

1 0 2 . 0 1 1 2 . 1 1 0 1 . 8

9 6 . 2 1 2 3 . 6

9 9 . 8

9 8 . 1 9 3 . 6 7 8 . 6 9 1 . 5 9 0 . 1

1 0 1 . 9 9 9 . 1

1 0 6 . 6 1 2 1 . 2 1 4 6 . 2

6 7 . 1

1 3 0 . 7

1 0 6 . 5

1 2 7 . 4

1 2 5 . 7 1 2 8 . 0

1 3 9 . 0

1 4 4 . 1

A U G .

1 2 0 . 4

1 0 5 . 4

1 4 5 . 7

1 2 2 . 8

1 0 1 . 0

1 0 3 . 5 1 1 0 . 7 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 9 . 8 9 5 . 3

1 0 1 . 8 1 1 0 . 8 1 0 1 . 1

9 6 . 1 1 2 3 . 9 1 0 0 . 6

9 7 . 2 9 1 . 4 7 1 . 5 9 1 . 2 9 0 . 1 9 9 . 2 9 8 . 3

1 0 6 . 0 1 2 3 . 2 1 4 5 . 4

6 9 . 1

1 3 0 . 8

1 0 7 . 7

1 2 7 . 2

1 2 6 . 1 1 2 7 . 7

1 3 9 . 2

1 4 4 . 1

S E P T .

1 2 0 . 8

1 0 5 . 5

1 4 4 . 4

1 2 2 . 6

1 0 1 . 2

1 0 3 . 9 1 1 1 . 6 1 0 6 ^ 2 1 1 0 . 1

9 5 . 5 1 0 2 . 0 1 1 1 . 5 1 0 0 . 1

9 7 . 7 1 2 3 . 9 1 0 0 . 3

9 7 . 2 9 1 . 3 7 4 . 5 9 1 . 8 9 0 . 1 9 9 . 0 9 7 . 8

1 0 6 . 0 1 2 2 . 7 1 4 5 . 0

6 9 . 6

1 3 1 . 4

1 0 8 . 2

1 2 7 . 5

1 2 7 . 1 1 2 7 . 7

1 3 9 . 6

1 4 5 . 1

O C T .

1 2 1 . 6

1 0 6 . 5

1 4 5 . 2

1 2 3 . 8

1 0 2 . 1

1 0 5 . 5 1 1 3 . 9 1 0 7 . 5 1 1 0 . 8

9 6 . 9 1 0 3 . 1 1 1 3 . 6 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 0 . 4 1 4 4 . 5 1 0 0 . 9

9 7 . 2 9 2 . 2 7 3 . 5 9 1 . 6 6 8 . 7 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 5

1 0 6 . 2 1 2 3 . 0 1 4 7 . 0

6 8 . 8

1 3 2 . 0

1 0 9 . 9

1 2 8 . 2

1 2 7 . 4 1 2 8 . 5

1 4 0 . 5

1 4 5 . 0

p N O V .

1 4 4 . 3

1 0 7 . 9

1 4 7 . 8

1 2 3 . 9

1 0 3 . 7

1 0 7 . 1 1 1 4 . 8 1 0 8 . 6 1 1 2 . 7

9 9 . 5 1 0 4 . 8 1 1 4 . 4 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 2 . 8 1 4 6 . 0 1 0 1 . 5

9 8 . 7 9 4 . 3 7 3 . 5 9 2 . 3 9 0 . 1

1 0 0 . 9 1 0 0 . 2 1 0 6 . 8 1 4 3 . 3 1 5 0 . 0

6 7 . 5

1 3 2 . 3

1 1 0 . 2

1 4 8 . 4

1 2 3 . 0 1 2 8 . 5

1 4 0 . 6

l,*,5«i

O E C . P

1 2 2 . 5

108.7

1 4 9 . 9

125 .7

104 .3

107 .8 1 1 5 . 0 109.7 113 .3

9 9 . 9 1 0 6 . 4 115 .3 102 .8 102 .7 1 2 7 . 8 1 0 2 . 6

9 9 . 3 9 5 . 3 7 6 . 1 9 2 . 3 90 .5

100 .7 101 .4 106 .6 1 2 6 . 0 152 .9

6 6 . 5

132 .2

110 .6

12 7 .8

128 .2 127 .7

1 4 1 . 0

145 .5



Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased

Ovtr 1-month span Over 3-month span Over 6-month span Over 12-month span

1975

January.• February-March

April May June

July August September

October* • November December

1976

January February« March

April May June

July August September.

October November December

1977

January February........ March

April' May June.,



1978

January February . March

April May June



18.0 21.2 26.5

41.0 51.5 43.0

56.1 73.3 67.4

68.3 60.5 71.5

78.2 72.4 69.5

70.1 58.1 57.8

58.4 49.1 64.8

47.1 67.4 66.6

76,2 66.0 74.7

68-0 64.8 71.2

59.3 51.7 60.8

60.5 73.8 72.1

69.8 70.3 70.1

62.8 56.4 67.2

54. 51. 57.

70.6 80.8p 75.6p

13.1 12.8 20.1

36.6 43.0 53.2

61. 73. 77.

70. 74. 78.

85.8 84.9 81.4

72.4 67.2 65.1

57,8 64.0 53.8

65.1 64.2 81 .4

83.1 86.3 81.1

79,4 76.2 68.0

63. 58, 62.

73. 75. 79.

80, 80, 75,

67. 63, 62.

57. 49. 58.

76.5p 82.6p

11.9 12.8 18.6

29.4 48.3 57.3

67. 69. 75.

80.5 84.0 83.7

87.2 85.8 82.0

75.6 68.3 71.2

63.1 65.1 66.3

73, 78, 81,

88.1 87.8 85.2

79, 75, 72.1

69.8 74.1 72.1

77.9 82.0 83.1

85.5 79.9 77.9

68, 67, 59,

61.3 72.4p 75.9p

15.7 16.9 18.3

20.9 27.0 41.0

54.1 64.5 74.1

79. 82, 86,

85.2 84.0 85.2

78.8 82.6 79.9

78.5 77.6 80.2

80, 80, 82,

78.8 80.5 80.2

84, 84, 83,

82, 83. 82,

81.1 81 .1 80.8

79.1 77.6

79.9p 79.4p

' Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagncultural industries. p « preliminary.


U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS WASHING!*ON. D.C. 20210

FIRST CLASS MAIL

OFFIC IAL BUSINESS PENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, *JM

POSTAGE A/MO FCCS PAID U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

LAS-441


the employment situation - fraser · the employment situation: december 1978 total employment and...

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