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The Elements • Presently 118 different elements are known – 88 (of which) occur naturally – The rest are synthetic (created in laboratories) • Question : Where are the synthetic elements in the periodic table? How can you tell?

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The ElementsPresently 118 different elements are known88 (of which) occur naturallyThe rest are synthetic (created in laboratories)Question: Where are the synthetic elements in the periodic table? How can you tell?The elements vary tremendously in abundance9 elements account for 98% of the composition of the Earths crust Element% Element%oxygen49.2sodium2.63silicon25.7potassium2.40aluminum7.50magnesium1.93iron4.71hydrogen.67calcium3.39The elements in living matter differs from that in the earths crustO, C, H, & N form the basis of all biologically important compoundsElement%Element%oxygen65hydrogen10carbon 18nitrogen 3.0

Some trace elements are important for lifeFound in small quantitiesExample: Cr helps the body to produce sugars for energyAs we have seen, elements are fundamental to understanding chemistry

The names for chemical elements have come from many sources1. Often derived from Latin, Greek, or GermanExamples:A. Gold (Au) - aurum (Latin for shining down)B. Lead (Pb) - plumbum (Latin for heavy)C. Bromine (Br) (Greek for stench)

2. Also named for the place where it was discoveredExamples: Francium (Fr), Germanium (Ge), Californium (Cf), & Berkelium (Bk)3. Also for famous scientistsExamples: Einsteinium (Es), & Nobelium (No)

Chemical symbols are used to abbreviate the names of the elementsThe chemical symbols could be:1. The 1st letter in an elements nameExamples: Carbon (C) , Oxygen (O)2. The 1st letter in an elements name + another letter (usually 2nd)Examples: Cobalt (Co), Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl)3.Sometimes derived from Latin, Greek,or GermanExamples: A. Latin - Silver (Ag) - argentumB. Greek - Sodium (Na) - natriumC. German Tungsten (W) - wolfram

7Rules:The 1st letter is always CAPITALIZEDIf needed, the 2nd (or 3rd) letter is always lower case

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