The Elements of Design

Chapter 10

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SpaceLineForm TextureColor

Space is the area provided for a particular purpose.

Space can be defined by walls, dividers, or other objects.

Any space- no matter the size or shape- can be divided into distinct parts.

EX: The furnishings not walls, define space in this open

kitchen.

Divisions of space can provide a sense of security and privacy.

EX: Fences and hedges are used to accomplish this purpose outdoors and screen out unwanted views and noises.

It may have two dimensions (length and width) such as a floor, or it may have three dimensions (length, width, and height), such as a room or dwelling

Space is probably the most important element of design. It gives us the ability to change.

Space changes as we move, as light changes, or physically by where we are located.

Basic space problems people encounter:

◦ Having too much space◦ Not having enough space

Space is more pleasing when it changes gradually- instead of abruptly.

Too little space can create a feeling of

being exposed.

Very large rooms designed for many people can produce a lonely feeling when a person is alone.

Space is affected by the

number and size

of objects in it.

Many objects scattered

throughout a room will most

likely destroy the design effect because the

space will have no apparent

organization or unity.

Objects grouped into large units will create a

more ordered space.

When space changes gradually, it is more pleasing than when it changes

abruptly.

When space changes suddenly, the eye shifts from one view to the other without making a smooth

transition.

The key is to keep the eye moving in an uninterrupted way, causing our brain to

think the room is larger.

1. allow large openings between rooms

2. place furniture near walls

3. use small furniture, patterns and textures

4. use a minimum of furnishings and accessories

5. allow for empty spaces between furniture and on walls

Good space planning helps people feel more comfortable in their environments.

6. allow as much floor to show as possible

7. use mirrors to create the illusion of space

8. unify spaces by using the same floor/wall coverings

9. use light, cool colors 10. place lighting on the

outside of the room or underneath furniture

1. place furniture perpendicular to the walls

2. use furniture of differing heights

3. group furniture according to areas of activity

4. use large furniture that sits directly on the floor

5. use large, contrasting patterns, colors and textures

6. use warm, dark colors

7. use natural lighting

8. use soft, rough textures to absorb sound

Remember: If space is not correctly planned, the other elements of design will not be as effective.

Space is affected by the Number and Size of the objects in it.

Too little space = a feeling of being exposed, loss of privacy.

Too much space = lonely feeling. It is important to be aware of the feeling of space and use it to enhance design.

It is important in our designs to include both positive and negative space to achieve a look of overall balance.

Positive is filled space while negative is empty space.

Too much positive space can cause the space to feel cluttered.

Too much negative space can cause the space to feel empty. Using the space guidelines from the previous pages will help

to add overall balance to the design.

The outline of an object

2 points that are connected

They give direction and divide space.

Line is the visual direction of a design. It can be used to emphasize

a pleasing element or disguise an undesirable one.

Different types of lines have different effects on design.

Different types of lines have different effects:◦Vertical Lines◦Horizontal Lines◦Diagonal Lines◦Curved Lines

Vertical lines lead the eye up, adding height,

formality, and

strength to a design.

Can be seen in: Tall furniture Columns Pillars Striped

wallpaper Long narrow

draperies

Vertical lines– feeling of power, dignity and masculinity, height

Vertical lines can make

rooms seem more

spacious than they

actually are and ceilings

appear higher.

Horizontal lines lead the eye to the left or right, suggesting informality and restfulness.

Can be seen in: Long, low roofs Long, low

furniture pieces such as sofas and chests

Horizontal lines—sturdy, calm, restful

Horizontal lines can

make buildings,

rooms, and furniture

seem wider and shorter.

Diagonal lines

suggest action,

movement and

excitement.

Can be seen in: Staircases Cathedral

ceilings Gable Roofs

Diagonal lines—create activity and motion

Too many curved lines

create a busy look.

Can be seen in: Doorway arches Ruffled curtains Curved furniture Rounded

accessories

Curved lines add

a softening, graceful effect to designs.

Curved lines—create a feminine appeal.

Add a softening, graceful effect to designs. Too many curved lines can create a busy

look. Seen in doorway

arches, ruffled curtains, and curved furniture.

In design, one type of line should dominate. Others can be added for

interest.

For example, if horizontal lines dominate a room, accessories with

diagonal or curved lines may be added.

What do you see?Vase or face?

Eyes form lines that don’t exist

Find 4 examples of spaces that utilize each of the following lines: horizontal, vertical, curved, and diagonal lines. For each of the spaces you find explain how the different lines are used as elements of design. Search through internet, magazines, and newspapers. Cut out the pictures, paste them on a sheet of paper, and explain how the element being used.

The columns on the front of this home are a perfect example of how vertical lines are used as an element of design. The columns make the house appear tall, narrow, and very formal.