the electromagnetic spectrum mgmbtc
TRANSCRIPT
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Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Page 1 of 26
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Page 2 of 26 Prepared by : Rafael P. IwayanBasic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II
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Electromagnetic Spectrum—name for the range of electromagnetic waves when placed in order of increasing frequency
Page 3 of 26Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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What is it?
• The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete spectrum or continuum of light including radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet light, X-rays and gamma rays
• An electromagnetic wave consists of electric and magnetic fields which vibrates thus making waves.
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Waves
• Properties of waves include speed, frequency and wavelength
• Speed (s), frequency (f) and wavelength () are related in the formula s = f x
• All light travels at a speed of 3 x 108 m/s in a vacuum
Page 5 of 26Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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• At this speed they can go around the world 8 times in one second.
• Electromagnetic waves travel VERY FAST – around 300,000
kilometres per second (the speed of light).
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Wavelength, Frequency and Energy
• Since all light travels at the same speed, wavelength and frequency have an indirect relationship.
• Light with a short wavelength will have a high frequency and light with a long wavelength will have a low frequency.
• Light with short wavelengths has high energy and long wavelength has low energy
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Wavelength
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Frequency vs. Wavelength
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Radio waves
• Low energy waves with long wavelengths• Includes FM, AM, radar and TV waves• Wavelengths of 10-1m and longer• Low frequency • Used in many devices such as remote control
items, cell phones, wireless devices, etc.
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Microwaves• Longer than radio, shorter
than light and infrared• Wavelength 1 x 10 - 4 m to
1 x 10-1 m • First used in radar, now
used in communication, medicine and consumer use (microwave ovens)
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Radio waves vs. Microwaves
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Infrared waves
• Invisible electromagnetic waves that are detected as heat
• Can be detected with special devices such as night goggles
• Used in heat lamps• Higher energy than microwaves
but lower than visible light
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Visible Light
• The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that human eyes can detect
• ROY G BIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet)
• Red is the lowest frequency and violet is the highest frequency
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Ultraviolet waves
• Higher energy than light waves• Can cause skin cancer and blindness in
humans• Used in tanning beds and sterilizing
equipment
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Ultraviolet waves vs. Visible Light vs. Infrared waves
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Ultraviolet waves vs. Visible Light vs. Infrared waves
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Electromagnetic Radiation
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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X-Rays
• High energy waves• First discovered by
Roentgen • Used in medicine,
industry and astronomy• Can cause cancer
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Gamma rays
• Highest energy• Blocked from Earth’s surface
by atmosphere• Gamma knife is a device
used to treat brain tumors with a high dose of radiation therapy in one day.
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Page 21 of 26Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
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Time to think…..
• 1. What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
• 2. What is meant by ‘spectrum’?
• 3. What does ROY G BIV mean?
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Now, let’s really think
• 4. Can you actually see x-rays?– Support your answer.
• 5. Which color is more energetic, red or yellow?
• 6. Which type of wave travels faster, gamma or radio?
• 7. Why are microwaves more dangerous than radio waves?
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Page 24 of 26Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan
• Brief SUMMARY• A. All electromagnetic waves travel at the
same speed. (300,000,000 meters/second) in a vacuum.
• B. They all have different wavelengths and different frequencies.– Long wavelength-lowest frequency– Short wavelength highest frequency– The higher the frequency the higher the
energy.
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Answers• 1. Frequency and wavelength are properties of waves and since
speed is constant for em waves, as frequency increases, wavelength decreases.
• 2. Spectrum is a continuum of all electromagnetic waves• 3, ROY G BIV is the difference colors of the visible light in order of
longest wavelength to shortest wavelength.• 4. X-rays can not be seen, only the waves in the visible light portion
are visible.• 5. Yellow is higher energy than red because it has a shorter
wavelength and higher frequency.• 6. Both travel at the same speed, 300,000 km/s (all em waves travel
at the same speed)• 7. Microwaves have a higher frequency than radio and carry more
energy.
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Thank you!
Basic Biomedical Equipment Servicing Level II Prepared by : Rafael P. Iwayan