the election james madison wins two terms –1809-1817
TRANSCRIPT
The Election• James Madison wins• Two Terms
– 1809-1817
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)• Replaced Non-Intercourse Act that
expired in 1810• Provisions:
– No trade with Britain or France unless they agreed to honor neutrality
– The 1st to agree, the U.S. would resume trade with
• Madison angry – proved the U.S. could not survive
without Britain & France
• Napoleon takes advantage of the new law & agrees to honor neutrality– Hopes to force a war between Britain &
the U.S.
• Trade resumes with France• Britain resumes attacking American
ships
Macon’s Bill No. 2 (1810)
Dealing with the Natives• Americans are expanding
to the West– Indian Intercourse Act (1790):
U.S. could only acquire land ceded by the Indians
• Tecumseh & the Prophet were the leaders of a new Northwest Confederation of Indians in Ohio & Indiana
• Began an active resistance movement with the assistance of the British British General
Brock Meets with Tecumseh
British General Brock Meets with
Tecumseh
Battle of Tippecanoe (1811)
• General William HenryHarrison is the governor ofthe Indiana Territory
• Treaty of Ft. Wayne (1809):Indians signed away 3 million acres of land to the U.S.
• Tecumseh & Shawnees begin a war against Harrison
• 1811: Tecumseh goes to the South to recruit the Southern tribes
• The Prophet fought against Harrison and was defeated and killed at Tippecanoe
• This made Harrison a national hero & Tecumseh formed an alliance with the British
War Hawks vs. Federalists
• War Hawks – those who wanted to go to war with Britain from the D-R Party
• Mainly from the West & South – Hoped to acquire more land for more
expansion– End attacks coming from Native Americans
• Two main War Hawks:Henry Clay (KY)
John C. Calhoun
(SC)
• Federalists did not want to go to war– Trade with Britain benefitted them
• Mainly New England merchants that were against the war
• Main Federalist:
War Hawks vs. Federalists
Daniel Webster
(NH)
War is Declared
• President Madison asked Congress for a Declaration of War on June 1, 1812
• His Reasons:1. British Impressment of American Soldiers & other violations of neutrality2. Pressure from the War Hawks3. British arming of Hostile Native Americans
• Congress declared war 2 weeks later
American Advantages/Disadvantages
Advantages:• Britain
was fighting in Europe too
Disadvantages:• Army was ill-trained and ill-
disciplined• Navy had 12 ships compared to
Britain’s 800• Had some really old generals• No Draft = No men• Financially Unprepared
– No tariffs = no income
• Regional Disagreements• Fighting the British & the
Native Americans
Essex Junto
• Extreme Federalists who believed that this was an unjust war and worked to support the British
• Supplied food & money to Britain (mainly in Canada) fighting against the U.S.
• New England refused to help war effort – governors would not allow militias to fight out of their states
• Referred to the war as “Mr. Madison’s War”
The War Itself
• Lasted from 1812-1815
Major Events of the War
• Washington, D.C. is burned down• The Star Spangled Banner is written
The Hartford Convention• Meeting in Dec 1814-Jan
1815• 26 delegates from MA, RI,
CT, VT, NH (Federalists)• Met to discuss their
grievances & seek redress b/c of the war
• Wanted amendments added to the Constitution– Limit presidents to 1 term– Need 2/3 majority for
embargos & war– No successive presidents
from the same state
• Some radicals brought up secession
• Demands made moot by the end of the war
• Was the death knell of the Federalists – seen as traitors
Treaty of Ghent• Neither side was winning
– U.S. had trouble fighting, British distracted by France
• Met in Ghent, Belgium to discuss a peace treaty
• Signed December 24, 1814• Provisions:
– The status quo was restored
Battle of New Orleans• Communication was slow – no one knew
the war was over• Largest battle took place after the treaty
was signed
Effects of the War
• Nationalism– Finally identify themselves as “Americans”– Growing pride in the nation– Nation starts to become more important
than the states
• Economic Independence– Developed own industries– Not relying on Europe for finished products