The Effects The Effects of Tobaccoof Tobacco

How much do you How much do you already know about already know about tobacco?tobacco? True or False. Smoking is only harmful if you True or False. Smoking is only harmful if you

smoke for a long time – 20 to 30 years or smoke for a long time – 20 to 30 years or more.more.

False.False. The physical damage from smoking The physical damage from smoking sets in almost immediately – even within a sets in almost immediately – even within a year after you start. Teen smokers:year after you start. Teen smokers:

cough and wheeze morecough and wheeze more produce more phlegm (yuck!)produce more phlegm (yuck!) have lungs that are damaged and actually smallerhave lungs that are damaged and actually smaller have weaker heartshave weaker hearts perform worse in physical fitness tests and perform worse in physical fitness tests and

competitive sportscompetitive sports get sick and miss school more oftenget sick and miss school more often

If you smoke a pack a day for one If you smoke a pack a day for one year, it will cost you about:year, it will cost you about:– $50$50– $1000$1000– $1500$1500– $3000$3000

$1500.$1500. It will cost It will cost you about $1500 in you about $1500 in one year if you one year if you smoke a pack of smoke a pack of cigarettes each day. cigarettes each day. Think of what you Think of what you could do with all of could do with all of that money!that money!

True or False. Nicotine in tobacco is True or False. Nicotine in tobacco is highly addictive.highly addictive.

True.True. Nicotine in cigarettes has been Nicotine in cigarettes has been shown to be highly addictive. About two-shown to be highly addictive. About two-thirds of young smokers say they want to thirds of young smokers say they want to quit, and seven in ten say they regret quit, and seven in ten say they regret having started. Three out of four teens having started. Three out of four teens who are daily smokers say they keep who are daily smokers say they keep smoking because it’s really hard to quit.smoking because it’s really hard to quit.

True or False. Chewing tobacco is a safe True or False. Chewing tobacco is a safe and non-addictive alternative to and non-addictive alternative to cigarettes.cigarettes.

False.False. Chewing tobacco (also known as Chewing tobacco (also known as dipping) is not a safe and non-addictive dipping) is not a safe and non-addictive alternative to cigarettes. Using spit alternative to cigarettes. Using spit tobacco can cause cracked lips, bleeding tobacco can cause cracked lips, bleeding gums, and sores of the mouth that never gums, and sores of the mouth that never heal. It can stain your teeth a yellowish-heal. It can stain your teeth a yellowish-brown color and give you bad breath.brown color and give you bad breath.

Which of the following chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?Which of the following chemicals are found in cigarette smoke?– Ammonia (used to clean toilets)Ammonia (used to clean toilets)– Cyanide (used to kill rats)Cyanide (used to kill rats)– Formaldehyde (used to preserve dead frogs)Formaldehyde (used to preserve dead frogs)– All of the aboveAll of the above

All of the above.All of the above. Scientists estimate that Scientists estimate that there are more than 4,000 known chemical there are more than 4,000 known chemical compounds in cigarette smoke. More than 40 compounds in cigarette smoke. More than 40 of these are known to cause cancer in people of these are known to cause cancer in people or animals. Spit tobacco, even though it is not or animals. Spit tobacco, even though it is not smoked, contains high concentrations of smoked, contains high concentrations of cancer-causing chemicals, plus at least a half cancer-causing chemicals, plus at least a half dozen other chemicals that cause cancer.dozen other chemicals that cause cancer.

More than 80% of smokers start before they turn:More than 80% of smokers start before they turn:– 18 years old18 years old– 21 years old21 years old– 25 years old25 years old

18 years old.18 years old. More than 80% of adult smokers More than 80% of adult smokers started before they turned 18, and by that time started before they turned 18, and by that time more than half of them were already smoking more than half of them were already smoking daily. Among high school seniors who use spit daily. Among high school seniors who use spit tobacco, about three in four had tried it by grade tobacco, about three in four had tried it by grade 9. Hardly anyone starts using tobacco as an 9. Hardly anyone starts using tobacco as an adult. So if you make it through your teens adult. So if you make it through your teens tobacco-free, chances are great you’ll be tobacco-tobacco-free, chances are great you’ll be tobacco-free for life.free for life.

How many young people become new smokers each How many young people become new smokers each day?day?– 1,0001,000– 2,0002,000– 3,0003,000

3,000.3,000. Each day 6,000 young people will take Each day 6,000 young people will take their first puff on a cigarette and 3,000 will their first puff on a cigarette and 3,000 will become regular smokers. That’s more than a become regular smokers. That’s more than a million new smokers each year. One out of million new smokers each year. One out of three of them will die from a disease caused by three of them will die from a disease caused by their smoking. Unless we do something to stop their smoking. Unless we do something to stop this trend, 5 million young people who are this trend, 5 million young people who are alive today will die from using tobacco.alive today will die from using tobacco.

Tobacco kills more people each year than which of the Tobacco kills more people each year than which of the following causes of death?following causes of death?– Illegal drugsIllegal drugs– Car crashesCar crashes– AIDSAIDS– All of the aboveAll of the above

All of the above.All of the above. Each year smoking kills Each year smoking kills more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, more people than AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires – car crashes, murders, suicides, and fires – combined! More than 400,000 people die combined! More than 400,000 people die from smoking each year – one out of every from smoking each year – one out of every five deaths in the U.S. That’s the same as five deaths in the U.S. That’s the same as three fully loaded jumbo jets crashing each three fully loaded jumbo jets crashing each day with no survivors.day with no survivors.

True or False. Within two days of quitting True or False. Within two days of quitting smoking, your sense of taste and smell are smoking, your sense of taste and smell are greatly improved.greatly improved.

True.True. Within two days of quitting smoking, Within two days of quitting smoking, your sense of taste and smell can be greatly your sense of taste and smell can be greatly improved. There are other immediate benefits improved. There are other immediate benefits of quitting. The levels of carbon monoxide and of quitting. The levels of carbon monoxide and nicotine in your body go down quickly. Your nicotine in your body go down quickly. Your heart and lungs will begin to repair the damage heart and lungs will begin to repair the damage done by smoking. You’ll begin to breathe done by smoking. You’ll begin to breathe easier. Your smoker’s cough will begin to easier. Your smoker’s cough will begin to disappear. And you’ll soon notice a boost in disappear. And you’ll soon notice a boost in your energy and stamina.your energy and stamina.

What is the number one source of pollution on California beaches?What is the number one source of pollution on California beaches?– Oil slicksOil slicks– Hospital wasteHospital waste– Cigarette buttsCigarette butts

Cigarette butts.Cigarette butts. Littering beaches and the Littering beaches and the countryside is only one way that cigarettes harm the countryside is only one way that cigarettes harm the environment. Nearly 12.5 million acres of forest – environment. Nearly 12.5 million acres of forest – more than 10 Grand Canyons – are destroyed each more than 10 Grand Canyons – are destroyed each year to provide trees to cure tobacco. That’s about a year to provide trees to cure tobacco. That’s about a true every two weeks for the average smoker. true every two weeks for the average smoker. Secondhand smoke is another environmental menace. Secondhand smoke is another environmental menace. It fills the air with many of the same poisons found in It fills the air with many of the same poisons found in the air around toxic waste dumps. And it’s deadly. the air around toxic waste dumps. And it’s deadly. Secondhand smoke kills about 3,000 nonsmokers Secondhand smoke kills about 3,000 nonsmokers each year from lung cancer.each year from lung cancer.

What is in tobacco?What is in tobacco?

Addictive drug – a substance that causes Addictive drug – a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence.physiological or psychological dependence.

The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves is The addictive drug found in tobacco leaves is called nicotine.called nicotine.

Nicotine is classified as a stimulant.Nicotine is classified as a stimulant. Stimulant – a drug that increases the action Stimulant – a drug that increases the action

of the central nervous system, the heart, and of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs.other organs.

Nicotine raises blood pressure, increases Nicotine raises blood pressure, increases heart rate, and contributes to heart disease heart rate, and contributes to heart disease and stroke.and stroke.

Cigarette Smoke – A Cigarette Smoke – A Toxic MixtureToxic Mixture The smoke from burning tobacco is toxic.The smoke from burning tobacco is toxic. 1992 – Environmental Protection Agency 1992 – Environmental Protection Agency

classified environmental tobacco smoke, or classified environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, as a Group A carcinogen.secondhand smoke, as a Group A carcinogen.

Carcinogen – a cancer-causing substance.Carcinogen – a cancer-causing substance. Group A Carcinogen – the most dangerous Group A Carcinogen – the most dangerous

class of carcinogen.class of carcinogen.

TarTar

Cigarette smoke contains tar.Cigarette smoke contains tar. Tar – a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco Tar – a thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco

burns.burns. As tar penetrates the smokers respiratory system, it As tar penetrates the smokers respiratory system, it

destroys cilia.destroys cilia. Cilia – tiny hair-like structures that line the upper Cilia – tiny hair-like structures that line the upper

airways and protect against infection.airways and protect against infection. Tar also destroys alveoli – air sacs which absorb Tar also destroys alveoli – air sacs which absorb

oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide. Tar also destroys lung tissue, making the lungs less Tar also destroys lung tissue, making the lungs less

able to function.able to function. Lungs damaged by smoking are more susceptible to Lungs damaged by smoking are more susceptible to

diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema, and cancer.and cancer.

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Carbon monoxide is another compound Carbon monoxide is another compound found in cigarette smoke.found in cigarette smoke.

Carbon monoxide – a colorless, odorless, Carbon monoxide – a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas that is taken up more and poisonous gas that is taken up more readily by blood than oxygen.readily by blood than oxygen.

Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in the blood, thereby depriving the tissues the blood, thereby depriving the tissues and cells of oxygen.and cells of oxygen.

It also increases the risk of high blood It also increases the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and hardening pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries.of the arteries.

Pipes and CigarsPipes and Cigars

Cigars contain significantly more Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes do.carbon monoxide than cigarettes do.

One cigar can contain as much One cigar can contain as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes.nicotine as a pack of cigarettes.

Pipe and cigar smokers have an Pipe and cigar smokers have an increased risk of developing cancers increased risk of developing cancers of the mouth, lip, and throat.of the mouth, lip, and throat.

Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco (Dip)(Dip)

Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that Smokeless tobacco – tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed.in the mouth, or chewed.

These products are not a safe These products are not a safe alternative to smoking.alternative to smoking.

The Harmful EffectsThe Harmful Effects of Smokeless Tobacco of Smokeless Tobacco Because smokeless tobacco is often held in Because smokeless tobacco is often held in

the mouth for a period of time, it delivers the mouth for a period of time, it delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels that can be two to three times the at levels that can be two to three times the amount delivered by a single cigarette.amount delivered by a single cigarette.

People who chew eight to ten pinches of People who chew eight to ten pinches of tobacco each day take in the same amount tobacco each day take in the same amount of nicotine as a two pack a day smoker.of nicotine as a two pack a day smoker.

Smokeless tobacco is as addictive as Smokeless tobacco is as addictive as smoked tobacco.smoked tobacco.

Harmful Effects- Con’tHarmful Effects- Con’t

Smokeless tobacco is as addictive as Smokeless tobacco is as addictive as smoked tobacco.smoked tobacco.

Smokeless tobacco irritates the inside Smokeless tobacco irritates the inside of the mouth causing leukoplakia.of the mouth causing leukoplakia.

Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery-Leukoplakia- thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer.that can develop into oral cancer.

Cancers of the throat, larynx, Cancers of the throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreas are esophagus, stomach, and pancreas are also more common among users of also more common among users of smokeless tobacco.smokeless tobacco.

How Tobacco Affects the How Tobacco Affects the Body – Short-Term Body – Short-Term EffectsEffects Changes in brain chemistry.Changes in brain chemistry. Increased respiration and heart Increased respiration and heart

rate.rate. Dulled taste buds and reduced Dulled taste buds and reduced

appetite.appetite. Bad breath and smelly hair, Bad breath and smelly hair,

clothes, and skin.clothes, and skin.

How Tobacco Affects How Tobacco Affects the Body – Long-Term the Body – Long-Term EffectsEffects Chronic Chronic

bronchitisbronchitis EmphysemaEmphysema Lung cancerLung cancer Coronary heart Coronary heart

disease and disease and strokestroke

Other Consequences of Other Consequences of Tobacco UseTobacco Use Legal ConsequencesLegal Consequences

– Sale of tobacco to persons under the age of 18 is Sale of tobacco to persons under the age of 18 is illegal.illegal.

– The use of tobacco products on school property is The use of tobacco products on school property is prohibited.prohibited.

Social ConsequencesSocial Consequences– Many people find secondhand smoke and the smell Many people find secondhand smoke and the smell

of tobacco offensive.of tobacco offensive.– Having bad breath, yellowed teeth, and stained Having bad breath, yellowed teeth, and stained

fingers may also harm a tobacco user’s social life.fingers may also harm a tobacco user’s social life. Financial ConsequencesFinancial Consequences

– Use of tobacco products can be very expensive.Use of tobacco products can be very expensive.

Benefits of Living Benefits of Living Tobacco FreeTobacco Free Healthier Healthier Increases Physical Fitness and Increases Physical Fitness and

Enhances Athletic PerformanceEnhances Athletic Performance Sense of Freedom Sense of Freedom Experience Less Stress Experience Less Stress Increased ConfidenceIncreased Confidence

Strategies for Strategies for Preventing Tobacco Preventing Tobacco UseUse Choose friends who don’t use Choose friends who don’t use

tobacco.tobacco. Avoid situations where tobacco Avoid situations where tobacco

products may be used.products may be used. Practice and use refusal skills.Practice and use refusal skills.

Reduced Tobacco Use Reduced Tobacco Use Among TeensAmong Teens According to the CDC, smoking According to the CDC, smoking

rates among teens have fallen rates among teens have fallen sharply in recent years.sharply in recent years.

Nationally, only 28% of high Nationally, only 28% of high school students smoke.school students smoke.

This is down from 36% in 1997.This is down from 36% in 1997.

QuittingQuitting

Nicotine Withdrawal – the process Nicotine Withdrawal – the process that occurs in the body when that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used.longer used.

Symptoms of Symptoms of WithdrawalWithdrawal IrritabilityIrritability Difficulty ConcentratingDifficulty Concentrating AnxietyAnxiety Sleep DisturbanceSleep Disturbance Cravings for TobaccoCravings for Tobacco

Nicotine SubstituteNicotine Substitute

To relieve the symptoms, some To relieve the symptoms, some people use a nicotine substitute.people use a nicotine substitute.

Nicotine Substitute – a product Nicotine Substitute – a product that delivers small amounts of that delivers small amounts of nicotine into the user’s system nicotine into the user’s system while he or she is trying to give up while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit.the tobacco habit.

Examples – gum, patches, nasal Examples – gum, patches, nasal sprays, inhalerssprays, inhalers

People who are trying to quit People who are trying to quit should take it one step at a time should take it one step at a time and start by seeing their and start by seeing their healthcare professional.healthcare professional.

Tips for QuittingTips for Quitting

Prepare for the day.Prepare for the day. Get support and encouragement.Get support and encouragement. Access professional health services.Access professional health services. Replace tobacco use with healthier Replace tobacco use with healthier

alternatives.alternatives. Change daily behavior.Change daily behavior. Engage in healthful behaviors.Engage in healthful behaviors.

Environmental Environmental Tobacco SmokeTobacco Smoke Environmental Tobacco Smoke Environmental Tobacco Smoke

(Secondhand Smoke) – Air that has (Secondhand Smoke) – Air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke.been contaminated by tobacco smoke.

Environmental tobacco smoke is Environmental tobacco smoke is composed of mainstream smoke and composed of mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke.sidestream smoke.

Mainstream smoke – the smoke Mainstream smoke – the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker.exhaled from the lungs of a smoker.

Sidestream smoke – the smoke from Sidestream smoke – the smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar.cigar.

Effects of Smoke on Effects of Smoke on NonsmokersNonsmokers Environmental tobacco smoke from Environmental tobacco smoke from

cigarettes and cigars contains more than cigarettes and cigars contains more than 4,000 different chemical compounds, 43 of 4,000 different chemical compounds, 43 of which are identified as carcinogens.which are identified as carcinogens.

ETS affects people of all ages, causing eye ETS affects people of all ages, causing eye irritation, headaches, ear infections, and irritation, headaches, ear infections, and coughing.coughing.

It also worsens asthma conditions and other It also worsens asthma conditions and other respiratory problems.respiratory problems.

Three thousand people every year are Three thousand people every year are diagnosed with lung cancer caused by diagnosed with lung cancer caused by secondhand smoke.secondhand smoke.

Effects of Smoke on Effects of Smoke on Unborn Children and Unborn Children and InfantsInfants Smoking during pregnancy can seriously harm the Smoking during pregnancy can seriously harm the

fetus.fetus. Nicotine passes through the placenta, constricting the Nicotine passes through the placenta, constricting the

blood vessels of the fetus.blood vessels of the fetus. Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the Carbon monoxide reduces the oxygen levels in the

mother’s and the fetus’s blood.mother’s and the fetus’s blood. These negative effects increase the risk of impaired These negative effects increase the risk of impaired

fetal growth, miscarriage, prenatal death, premature fetal growth, miscarriage, prenatal death, premature delivery, low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths.delivery, low birth weight, deformities, and stillbirths.

The infant may also suffer from growth and The infant may also suffer from growth and developmental problems throughout early childhood.developmental problems throughout early childhood.

Babies of smokers are two and a half times more likely Babies of smokers are two and a half times more likely to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).to die of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Infants exposed to ETS have an increased risk of Infants exposed to ETS have an increased risk of asthma, tonsillitis, and respiratory tract infections.asthma, tonsillitis, and respiratory tract infections.

Effects of Smoke on Effects of Smoke on Young ChildrenYoung Children Children of smokers are nearly twice as likely Children of smokers are nearly twice as likely

to be in poor health as those of nonsmokers.to be in poor health as those of nonsmokers. Children of smokers tend to have a higher Children of smokers tend to have a higher

incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and incidence of sore throats, ear infections, and upper respiratory problems than children of upper respiratory problems than children of nonsmokers.nonsmokers.

Children who live with smokers have double Children who live with smokers have double the risk of developing lung cancer than the risk of developing lung cancer than children of nonsmokers.children of nonsmokers.

Because children learn by example, children Because children learn by example, children of smokers are nearly three times as likely to of smokers are nearly three times as likely to smoke as children of nonsmokers.smoke as children of nonsmokers.

Reducing Your RisksReducing Your Risks

Politely ask visitors to refrain from smoking inside Politely ask visitors to refrain from smoking inside your house.your house.

If someone in your household smokes, open windows If someone in your household smokes, open windows to allow fresh air to circulate and request that certain to allow fresh air to circulate and request that certain rooms remain smoke free.rooms remain smoke free.

Consider using air cleaners to help remove Consider using air cleaners to help remove contaminants from the air.contaminants from the air.

If you are visiting a home in which someone smokes, If you are visiting a home in which someone smokes, go outside or to another room.go outside or to another room.

Ask to open the window slightly to provide fresh air.Ask to open the window slightly to provide fresh air. Suggest meeting elsewhere, such as in your home or Suggest meeting elsewhere, such as in your home or

at the library.at the library. In restaurants and other public places, request seating In restaurants and other public places, request seating

in a nonsmoking area. (All areas will be nonsmoking in a nonsmoking area. (All areas will be nonsmoking by April 15by April 15thth!)!)

ConclusionsConclusions

The nicotine in tobacco is The nicotine in tobacco is addictiveaddictive.. Tobacco use has been proven to cause many Tobacco use has been proven to cause many

health problems including health problems including cancercancer.. Smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes are Smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes are notnot

healthy alternatives to smoking cigarettes.healthy alternatives to smoking cigarettes. Secondhand smoke is also very dangerous Secondhand smoke is also very dangerous

and causes lung cancer in nonsmokers.and causes lung cancer in nonsmokers. Protect Yourself!: Practice your refusal skills Protect Yourself!: Practice your refusal skills

to say no to tobacco and avoid secondhand to say no to tobacco and avoid secondhand smoke.smoke.

The EndThe End

What questions do you What questions do you have about tobacco?have about tobacco?