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Appendix A

Sample items of the Cultural Environment Survey and School Culture Scales

1 = I fully not agree, 5 = I fully agree.

Cultural Environment Survey

Power distance

In our culture, students should accept the statements and ideas of the teachers and question

them only under special circumstances.

Individualism

In our culture, the independent thinking of individuals is encouraged.

Openness

In our culture, people have an open attitude towards new or different viewpoints.

Certainty

In our culture, students are used to look for certain answers when learning a subject.

Collaboration

Within our cultural context, students are used to cooperating with each other during courseactivities.

Competition

Within our cultural context, there is a strong competition among students.

Culture factors and implementation of CSCL 499

2012 The Author. British Journal of Educational Technology 2012 BERA.