35

jrenew.ir

DOR: 20.1001.1.24234931.1399.7.1.5.2

36

ò

.

37

[ ]

MSF

MSF

ò Ó«´¬· ͬ¿¹» Ú´¿­¸

Ê¿°±® ݱ³°®»­­·±²

)MED(MSFMED

MSFMED

)VC(VC

MED

38

RO

RO

RO

ROppm

RORO

Ó·¼¼´» Û¿­¬ ¿²¼ Ò±®¬¸»®² ߺ®·½¿

[ ]

ÎÑ

ÛÜ

ÓÛÜ

ÓÍÚ

ÊÝ

ROMSFMED

PV

MENA

39

CSP

[ ]

MSFMED

CSP

CSP

CSP

CSP

PVPV

ROEDPV

PVPV

½±²½»²¬®¿¬·²¹ ­±´¿® °±©»®

Ó»½¸¿²·½¿´ Ê¿°±® ݱ³°®»­­·±²

ETSAP E18PV

RO , ED VC, )MVC( .

MVC VC .

.

. PV CSP.

.

.

MED .

.[ ] ) ORC(

.

.

±®¹¿²·½ ο²µ·²» ½§½´»

40

(RO)

(MSF, MED)

. MSF

.

MED

. CSP

.[ ]

.

[ ]

ײ¬»®²¿¬·±²¿´ Ü»­¿´·²¿¬·±² ß­­±½·¿¬·±²

) IDA(

(RO) (MSF)% %

[ ]

[ ]

.

..

.

3.68

27

60

0.3 0.8

41

RO MSF MSF RO

.

.[ ]

.

.

..[ ]

.

.

..

.

.[ ]

.

[ ]

íµÉ¸ ñ ³

[ ]

42

[ ]

.

.

..

.

.

.

[1] Francisco, F., Leijon, J., Boström, C., Engström, J., & Sundberg, J. (2018). Wave power as solution for off-grid water desalination systems: Resource characterization for Kilifi-Kenya. Energies,

[2] IRENA, & Fraunhofer ISE. (2015Technology Options for Islands, (October).

[3] Isaka, M. (2012). Water Desalination Using Renewable Energy - Technology Brief. IRENA - IEA - Etsap, (March), 24.

[4] IEA, 2005, World Energy Outlook 2005, Middle East and North Africa Insights. International Energy Agency (IEA)

[5] Caribbean Environmental Health Institute (CEHI), 2006, The Evaluation of the Use of Desalination Plants in the Caribbean, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).

[6] Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia. Energy options for water desalination in selected ESCWA member countries. New York: United Nations

[7] UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) (2003) Key Facts about Water

[8] World Health Organization. Guidelines for drinking water quality, Vol. I, Geneva, 1984

[9] ARMINES. Technical and economic analysis of the potential for water desalination in the Mediterranean region, RENA-CT94 0063, France; 1996

[10] O.K.Buros. The desalinating ABC, McGrawhill, New York, 1990

[11] O.A Hamed (2005). Overview of hybrid desalination systems current status and future prospects. Desalination 186, 207-214

[12] A. Maurel. Desalination by reverse osmosis using renewable energies (Solarwind):cadarache central experiment. In: Proceedings of the New Technologies for the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Water Desalination Conference, Session II Athens, Greece; 1991. p.

[13]. Jenny Lindblom, Bo Nordell, Underground condensation of humid air for drinking water production and subsurface irrigation, Desalination 203 (2007) 417 434

[14]. Vahid Khalajzadeh, Moien Farmahini, Ghassem Heidarinejad, A novel integrated system of ground heat exchanger and indirect evaporative cooler , Energy and Buildings 49 (2012) 604 610