The Eastern The Eastern MediterraneanMediterraneanChapter 22, Section 2Chapter 22, Section 2

Religious Holy Religious Holy PlacesPlaces

Three major religions Three major religions founded here:founded here:–JudaismJudaism–ChristianityChristianity–IslamIslam

Religious Holy Religious Holy PlacesPlaces

Jewish PresenceJewish Presence–Jerusalem is center of Jerusalem is center of modern and ancient modern and ancient homelandhomeland

–Temple MountTemple MountWestern Wall: Wailing Wall, only Western Wall: Wailing Wall, only remaining piece of 2remaining piece of 2ndnd temple temple which was destroyed in 70 A.Dwhich was destroyed in 70 A.D..

JUDAISMJUDAISM

Religious Holy Religious Holy PlacesPlaces

Christian HeritageChristian Heritage–Jerusalem is a sacred place Jerusalem is a sacred place centered around the life of centered around the life of JesusJesus

–Mount of Olives and Church Mount of Olives and Church of Holy Sepulchreof Holy Sepulchre

–CrusadesCrusades

CHRISTIANITYCHRISTIANITY

The Bible

Religious Holy Religious Holy PlacesPlaces

Islamic Sacred SitesIslamic Sacred Sites– Jerusalem is 3Jerusalem is 3rdrd most holy cities most holy cities–Dome of the RockDome of the Rock: spot : spot where Muslims believe where Muslims believe Muhammad rose into heavenMuhammad rose into heaven

–Ka’aba- Ka’aba- Mecca, Muslims travel Mecca, Muslims travel to circle the holy black rockto circle the holy black rock

ISLAMISLAM

FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAMFIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM FAITHFAITH-all believers must testify to the following -all believers must testify to the following

statement: “There is no God but Allah, and statement: “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.

PRAYERPRAYER- Pray five times a day. Muslims must face - Pray five times a day. Muslims must face toward Mecca to pray. They may pray in a Mosque, or toward Mecca to pray. They may pray in a Mosque, or wherever they find themselves at the prayer times. wherever they find themselves at the prayer times.

CHARITYCHARITY- Give to the less fortunate.- Give to the less fortunate. FASTINGFASTING- During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan, - During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan,

September, Muslims do not eat or drink from sun up September, Muslims do not eat or drink from sun up to sun down. to sun down.

PILGRIMAGEPILGRIMAGE- Every Muslim must make a pilgrimage - Every Muslim must make a pilgrimage back to Mecca once in their lifetime. back to Mecca once in their lifetime.

MONOTHEISTIC BELIEF MONOTHEISTIC BELIEF SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Belief System: Christianity Judaism Islamic

Where do people worship?

(1) (1) (1)

What is the holy book called?

(1) (1) (1)

What day of the week do followers worship?

(1) (1) (1)

Diety/Important leader associated with belief system.

(2) (2) (2)

MONOTHEISTIC BELIEFMONOTHEISTIC BELIEFSYSTEMSYSTEM

Belief System: Christianity Judaism Islamic

Where do people worship?

(1) CHURCH (1)SYNAGOGUE (1) MOSQUE

What is the holy book called?

(1) BIBLE (1) TORAH (1) KORAN

What day of the week do followers worship?

(1) SUNDAY (1) SATURDAY (1) FRIDAY

Diety/Important leader associated with belief system.

(2)GOD JESUS

(2) GOD MOSES

(2) ALLAHMUHAMMAD

A History of UnrestA History of UnrestOttoman Empire rules from Ottoman Empire rules from

1520 to 19221520 to 1922–Sided with Germany in WWISided with Germany in WWI–Fell apart after the warFell apart after the war–Britain and France received Britain and France received

the lands as part of the war the lands as part of the war settlementsettlement

A History of UnrestA History of UnrestLegacy of ColonialismLegacy of Colonialism

–France = Lebanon, SyriaFrance = Lebanon, Syria–Britain = Jordan, IsraelBritain = Jordan, Israel–French played different French played different religious groups against religious groups against each othereach other

A History of UnrestA History of UnrestBritish Control PalestineBritish Control Palestine

– Zionism: goal was to create and Zionism: goal was to create and support a Jewish homeland in Palestinesupport a Jewish homeland in Palestine Jews began buying land and settling Jews began buying land and settling therethere

– In 1939, Britain began halting Jewish In 1939, Britain began halting Jewish migration into Palestinemigration into Palestine

– Area divided into 2 parts:Area divided into 2 parts:Transjordan and PalestineTransjordan and Palestine

A History of UnrestA History of Unrest Creating the State of IsraelCreating the State of Israel

– 1947, UN developed a plan to 1947, UN developed a plan to create 2 nations: one for Arabs, one create 2 nations: one for Arabs, one for Jewsfor Jews

– Israel was created on May 14, 1948Israel was created on May 14, 1948– Arab nations immediately invadedArab nations immediately invaded– Palestinian Arabs were relocated to Palestinian Arabs were relocated to

the West Bank and Gaza Stripethe West Bank and Gaza Stripe

Present Day IsraelPresent Day Israel

A History of UnrestA History of Unrest Creating Israel continued…Creating Israel continued…

– Palestine Liberation Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) formed in Organization (PLO) formed in 1960 to regain land for 1960 to regain land for Palestinian ArabsPalestinian Arabs

The PLO emblem shows the Palestinian flag above a map of the former British Mandate of Palestine

Modernizing Modernizing EconomiesEconomies

Refugees and Civil WarsRefugees and Civil Wars– Creation of Israel produced a large Creation of Israel produced a large

number of Palestinian refugeesnumber of Palestinian refugeesNumber about 3.6 millionNumber about 3.6 millionMany struggle for food and Many struggle for food and sheltershelter

Modernizing Modernizing EconomiesEconomies

Refugees and Civil WarsRefugees and Civil Wars–Wars in Lebanon and Wars in Lebanon and Cyprus caused economic Cyprus caused economic problemsproblemsLebanon – 1975 to 1976Lebanon – 1975 to 1976

–1982, Israel invaded1982, Israel invaded

Modernizing Modernizing EconomiesEconomies

Modern InfrastructureModern Infrastructure–Good climate for citrus crops Good climate for citrus crops

and many places for tourists to and many places for tourists to visitvisit

–Well located for international Well located for international connectionsconnections

–Lack infrastructureLack infrastructure Roads rebuilt, new irrigation systems, Roads rebuilt, new irrigation systems,

better communication systems and better communication systems and power sourcespower sources

The Northeast:The Northeast:Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Iraq,

AfghanistanAfghanistan

Chapter 22, Section 3Chapter 22, Section 3

A Blend of CulturesA Blend of Cultures Some of the oldest cultures in the Some of the oldest cultures in the

worldworld– Developed in Iraq along the Tigris & Developed in Iraq along the Tigris &

Euphrates RiversEuphrates Rivers Mesopotamia- “land between the Mesopotamia- “land between the

rivers”rivers”– fertile soilfertile soil– rivers served as highways to rivers served as highways to

transport goodstransport goods

Hittites-Hittites- empire stretched empire stretched across present day Turkeyacross present day Turkey– Introduced iron weaponsIntroduced iron weapons

Persians-Persians- developed in developed in present day Iranpresent day Iran– Innovations in government Innovations in government

copied by manycopied by many–Divided huge empire into Divided huge empire into

smaller regions for better smaller regions for better controlcontrol

Two main branches of Two main branches of Islam:Islam:–Sunni-Sunni- 83%; found in 83%; found in Turkey, Iraq,& Turkey, Iraq,& AfghanistanAfghanistan

–Shi’ite-Shi’ite- Iran, & some Iran, & some Iraq and AfghanistanIraq and Afghanistan

Muslim World PopulationMuslim World Population

Clashes Over LandClashes Over Land Clashes over land increased after Clashes over land increased after

WWIWWI KurdsKurds: claim a homeland in parts : claim a homeland in parts

of Turkey, Iran & Iraqof Turkey, Iran & Iraq– At end of WWI they were promised At end of WWI they were promised

a homeland but never received ita homeland but never received it– Called a stateless nationCalled a stateless nation– Clashes have prevented them from Clashes have prevented them from

becoming a nation-statebecoming a nation-state

IranIran: has become home to : has become home to refugeesrefugees–Refugees from Iraq & Refugees from Iraq & Afghanistan have fled Afghanistan have fled oppressive gov’toppressive gov’t

–Came here becauseCame here because

of locationof location

Reforming EconomiesReforming Economies Discovery of oil in 1908 made Iran Discovery of oil in 1908 made Iran

center of conflictcenter of conflict– Powerful nations want control over Powerful nations want control over

these resources these resources – Willing to fight for themWilling to fight for them– Iran & Iraq fought between 1980-1990Iran & Iraq fought between 1980-1990– 1990-1991: Iraq invaded Kuwait 1990-1991: Iraq invaded Kuwait

starting starting Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf War US and 32 other nations fought to drive US and 32 other nations fought to drive

Iraq out of Kuwait & keep oil fields openIraq out of Kuwait & keep oil fields open

Turkey & Iran- modernizing Turkey & Iran- modernizing economieseconomies

TurkeyTurkey: tapping into : tapping into hydroelectric resourcehydroelectric resource–Boosting production Boosting production

of cotton of cotton –Ideal location Ideal location

for tradefor trade

Modern and Traditional Modern and Traditional LifeLife

Progress interrupted by Progress interrupted by political problems and political problems and devastating warsdevastating wars

TalibanTaliban: extremist Muslim : extremist Muslim group in Afghanistan that group in Afghanistan that imposes strict rules on imposes strict rules on people’s behaviorpeople’s behavior

TalibanTaliban

Taliban Police beating a woman in Kabul Taliban press conference on

September 11, 2001

Partner ActivityPartner Activity

Read pages 505-507Read pages 505-507 Create a political cartoon Create a political cartoon

addressing one of the three addressing one of the three issues discussed:issues discussed:– Western work environmentWestern work environment– Muslim women entering workplaceMuslim women entering workplace– Individual becoming important in Individual becoming important in

societysociety