The Earth's BIOMES

The Biosphere is made up of all parts of the Earth that contains life.

A geographic area with similar plant and animal populations is called a biome.

Biomes contain a number of smaller but related ecosystems.

WORLD BIOMES

BIOMESEcosystems are depended upon the energy from the sun.

The amount of sunlight, temperature, and precipitation (climate) determines what kind of biome is in a place.

Biomes are divided into three categories-land, fresh water, and marine (salt water)

Land Biomes

Forests

-Temperate deciduous-leaves fall off,Rainfall= 75-125 cm/yr, Temp= summer 80’s winter 30’s or 40’s

-Coniferous-seeds in cones, needles protect against water loss,few plants live on the floor of forest due to limited sunlight,Temp= summer 50’s winter = 10’s rainfall = 35-75 cm/yr

-Tropical rain forest-broad leaf plants,most organisms live in the canopy of the tree rather than on the ground,the soil is thin and poor because most of the nutrients are stored in the vegetation,clear cut rainforest makes poor farm land due to the poor soil,rainfall= 400 cm/yr,temp= daytime 90’s night 60’s

Grassland

-Temperate-with seasons,flat, rolling hills, best farmland,Temp= summer 80’s winter= 30’s precip= 25-75 cm

-Savanna-tropical, distinct wet and dry seasons

Land Biomes

Desert-dry with extreme temperature,plants are adapted with either wide shallow root systems or deep roots,less than 25 cm of rain, temps (90 -100) summer 40’s winter

Tundrarainfall= 30-50 cm/yr temp= summer 50’s winter= (-10’s)-Arctic-soil remains frozen-Alpine-high mountains, soil remains frozen

Land Biomes

MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

Wrap Up

Draw a quick picture about one of the biomes you have learned today.

Marine Ecosystems

-based on salty water

Abiotic factors rule and Sunny Waters

-marine ecosystems depend on distance from the land, temperature, and the amount of sunlight

-sunlight can only penetrate 200m into the sea because water absorbs sunlight

Phytoplankton -are the most common producers in the ocean -microscopic photosynthetic organisms -float near the surface

Zooplankton -tiny consumers that feed on phytoplankton

Intertidal zone-where ocean meets land-part of the ocean that is covered by water part of the day, above water when tide goes out-mud flats, rock shores, and sandy beaches

Nertic zone-area of shallow water where the sun reaches the ocean floor-stops at edge of continental shelf, where water becomes really deep-Coral reefs are in this area

Oceanic zone-area at the top of the ocean where sunlight reaches-phytoplankton are producers here

Benthic zone- area below the oceanic zone where sunlight never reaches-organisms are adapted to high pressure-special bacteria use chemosynthesis to make food from chemicals-organisms feed off plankton that die and sink from above

MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

Coral Reefs

-formed from the close relationship between coral and a single celled algae-algae produce nutrients for the coral-reefs are home to many marine species such as sponges and urchins

Sargasso Sea

-in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean-Sargassum is an algae that forms HUGE rafts floating in the middle of the ocean-many animals live among the algae

Polar Ice

-arctic ice is filled with nutrients from surrounding land-many animals feed off the abundant plankton in the area

Estuaries

-fresh water spills into the ocean so salt content constantly changes-freshwater is full of nutrients, so plankton are abundant

Intertidal areas

-organisms are adapted to the changing tides

Wrap Up

Take four minutes to come up with two questions about what you learned today that could be a really good quiz question.

FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

Water on the move-freshwater ecosystems depend upon the speed of moving water as well as temperature and amount of sunlight-tributary- trickle of water that kois a larger trickle

Fast moving water - more tributaries make streams larger and wider- plants line the edges, fish live in the open water-plants and animals cling to rocks or hide or live under them for protection

Slowing down-when rivers grow larger they slow down and meander back and forth-when water slows soil being carried drops and builds deltas that organisms live on

Still Waterslakes and ponds are divided into three zones

Littoral zone -closest to the edge, plants grow from bottom or float on top

-small fish and animals live amongst the plants

Open water zone - extends from littoral zone across the lake

- only goes as deep as light will penetrate

- phytoplankton are common producers here

- fishes are the consumers

Deep water zone - below open water, where no light reaches

- catfish, carp, bacteria, fungi and many invertebrates live here

Wet lands-wetland area where the water level is at or near the surfaceControl floods, filter sediment, provide a habitat for many organisms

Marshes -treeless wetland-found along the shores of lakes and

ponds

Swamps -wetland with trees and vines- usually only wet part of the year

From lake to forest- over time marshes and swamps fill in naturally

- trees as well as decaying plant matter falls to the bottom and becomes soil

MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

Wrap up!!While using the notebox strategy, you

have five minutes to answer the second question on the back of your studyguide.

*Remember the point value of the question is the same amount of boxes your suppose to have.