the early presidencies
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The Early Presidencies. Establishing Precedent & History. The Constitution. Officially Recognized In 1789 The Constitution Recognized An Executive Branch (The Presidency) Natural Born Citizen 35 Years of Age Lived 14 Years Within The U.S. National Capital Established In New York City - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
THE EARLY PRESIDENCIES
Establishing Precedent & History
The Constitution Officially Recognized In 1789 The Constitution Recognized An
Executive Branch (The Presidency) Natural Born Citizen 35 Years of Age Lived 14 Years Within The U.S.
National Capital Established In New York City
George Washington Takes Oath of Office In New York On 30th April, 1789
George Washington Born 22nd February, 1732 Father A Virginia Planter Near Wakefield Virginia 1748 Began Surveying Career On The Frontier Served As An Officer During The French &
Indian War Wealthy Virginia Planter, Married To Martha
Dandridge Custis Served As Commander-in-Chief During The
American Revolution Served Politically During The Constitutional Era
Washington Takes Office Unanimously Elected By
The Electoral College 1789 & 1792
John Adams Picked As Washington’s Vice President Second Pick For President
Inaugurated At Federal Hall In New York City
Washington Takes Office Congress Votes To Pay Washington
$25,000 Annually Refused Salary Independently Wealthy Eventually Accepted So As Not To Limit The
Office To The Wealthy Immediately Begins Setting Precedent
Takes Title “Mr. President” Establishes A Cabinet Judiciary Act of 1789 2 Terms Of Service
Washington As President Confident Delegator Of Power &
Administrator Residence Act of 1790
Capital Moved To Philadelphia Washington Rotates His Slave Staff
Nations Capital Would Lie Along The Potomac River
Washington Personally Oversees Surveying Work Of Nations Capital
“The City of Washington in the Territory of Columbia” Named In His Honor
Issues Of The Presidency Massive National Debt
$52 Million Lacked Military Support
No Standing Navy Only 400 Men In The U.S.
Army Indian Uprising/Raids In
The Northwest Territory (Ohio River Valley) 1790 & 1791
Indian Uprisings Raids Along The Ohio River Valley Initial Military Efforts Proved To Be A Failure Little Turtle, Blue Jacket, & Tecumseh Main
Native American Leaders Anthony Wayne
Commander Of The American Legion Spent Time Training For Forest Warfare
Battle of Fallen Timbers 1794 American Victory Treaty of Greenville “Officially” Ended Uprising
Whiskey Rebellion Secretary Hamilton Proposes A Tax On Liquor
Signed Into Action In 1791 Bitterly Opposed By Frontier Farmers
Traditionally Converted Excess Grain Into Whiskey Attacks By Farmers On Tax Collectors Became
Violent Washington Calls Up State Militias
Washington Personally Leads Army Of 13,000 October Of 1794 Uprising Fizzles Out Washington Proved Capable Of Leading The
Country & The Army
Foreign Affairs Great Britain
Britain Refuses To Adhere To Treaty of Paris Kept Forts Within American Territory Made Threats Against American Shipping In
The West Indies & On The Atlantic Ocean Jay Treaty, 1795
Negotiated By Chief Justice John Jay British Would Evacuate Forts Small Scale Shipping Would Return America Would Remain Neutral Of French Affairs Commissions Set Up To Negotiate U.S. to U.K.
Debt
Foreign Affairs Barbary Bribes
Barbary Pirates Attack American Shipping
Treaty of Tripoli Signed Between American & Pasha of Tripoli Washington Agreed To Protection Money To Keep
American Ships Safe Spain
More Productive Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795 Cleared Relations Between The U.S. & Spain
The French Revolution July 14, 1789
The Storming Of The Bastille In Paris
French Revolution Begins Many Americans Supported
The French Efforts To Overthrow The Monarchy
U.S. Sent Aid To White Slave Holders In Haiti Haitian Slave Rebellion
Extremely Bloody Washington Sympathized
With Ousted Slave Holders
The French Revolution 1793, France Began Taking Extreme Measures
King Louis XVI Executed-1/21/1793 Queen Marie Antoinette Executed-10/16/1793 Hundreds Of Clergy, Nobles, & Revolutionary
Dissidents Slaughtered At The Guillotine's Blade The U.S. Government Remained Neutral, Public
Cried For Action Edmond-Charles Genet Sent To Washington’s
Second Inauguration Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793 Officially Drew
The Line For American Involvement In Europe
Retirement From Office By The End Of This Second Term
Washington Was Exhausted From Public Service
Issued Public Farewell Address In 1796 Returned Home To Mt. Vernon December 12, 1799
Spent Day Riding Horseback In The Snow & Rain Inspecting His Farm
Awoke Ill The Next Morning And Was Bled Passes Away On December 14, 1799 The World Mourned Washington’s Death
John Adams Born October 30, 1735 Came From A Moderately
Wealthy/Influential Family Studied At Harvard;
Considered Becoming A Minister; Chose Law Instead
On October 25, 1764, He Married His Third Cousin Abigail Had Five Surviving Children
Often Unpopular And Contentious
The Presidency Served As President From 1797-1801 Kept Many Of The Programs & Institutions
Washington Had Created In Office He Was Described As “Prickly”
Fought With His Own Party (Federalists) As Well As The Democratic-Republicans
Spent Much Of His Term At His Massachusetts Home
First President To Live Within The White House
Foreign Relations Tried To Remain Neutral In European
Affairs French Viewed American As Britain’s
Junior Began Seizing American Ships & Sailors
The XYZ Affair The Adams’ Administration Wanted To
Negotiate With The French Three French Diplomats (X,Y,& Z) Demanded
Huge Bribes Before Beginning Talks Finally Pushed Americans Away From French
Support
Foreign Affairs Quasi-War Broke Out Between The French
& The Americans In 1798 Adams & The Congress Pushed To Improve
The Army & Navy In Preparedness For An Attack
Convention of 1800 American Diplomats Sent To France Napoleon Agreed That A Conflict Was Useless American Freed From Any Entanglement In
European Affairs For The Time Being
The Alien & Sedition Acts Series Of Four Separate Acts, 1798 Government Could Arrest & Deport
Immigrants Who Spoke Against The Establishment
Worked Against The Democratic-Republican Efforts Worked Heavily Naturalizing Immigrants
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions Declared Acts Unconstitutional
Election Of 1800 He & Charles Pinckney Fought Hard Over The
Republicans Jefferson & Aaron Burr Lost By 8 Electoral Votes To Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton Had Worked To Undermine Adams’ Campaign
Jefferson Extremely Popular In The South Midnight Judges
Judiciary Act of 1801, Created Series Of Appeals Courts
Loyal Federalists Judges Appointed To Fill These Courts
John Marshall Picked As The Fourth Supreme Court Chief Justice
Post-Presidency Years Returned Home To
Massachusetts Did Not Attend Jefferson’s
Inauguration 1812, Reconciled With
Jefferson Abigail Died In 1818 July 4th, 1826
Fiftieth Anniversary Of The Declaration of Independence
John Adams Died Jefferson Passed Hours Prior Passed While His Son Still
Remained In Office
Thomas Jefferson Born April 13, 1743
3rd of 10 Children Born Into A Well Connected Family Well Educated
Became A Planter, Lawyer, & Teacher January 1, 1772 Married Martha Skelton
Had Six Children, Only One Lived Beyond 25 September 6th, 1782, Martha Died
The Relationship With Sally Hemmings Politically Involved, Nationally &
Internationally
Jefferson Presidency Served As President From 1801-1809 Highly Supported In The South Electoral Vote A Tie
Jefferson & Aaron Burr Hamilton Undermines Burr & Wins Jefferson
The Election (Burr Would Eventually Kill Hamilton In A Duel)
Pushed To End Adams Era Policies Paid Down National Debt
80 to 52 Million Dollars
Jefferson Presidency Pushed For Major Cuts To The Army &
Navy Streamlined Washington Bureaucracy Sought Financial Benefits By Selling Off
Frontier Lands & Duties At Seaports Marbury vs. Madison
Supreme Court Case Marbury: A Midnight Judge Madison: Jefferson’s Secretary of State,
Refused To Deliver Marbury’s Appointment Papers
Marbury Victorious
The Expanding Nation Nation Needed To Stretch Out Louisiana Purchase
1803 France Needed The Money, France No Longer Needed
The Land 828,000 Square Miles
Lewis & Clark Expedition Meriwether Lewis & William Clark Traveled As Explorers, Scientists, & Ambassadors Aided By Sacagawea They Blazed A Trail To The
Pacific Brought Back Valuable Information & Scientific Data
Barbary War Barbary Pirates Again Interfering With
American Trade In The Mediterranean Barbary Leaders Demanding More Money To
Keep Shipping Safe Jefferson Decided The U.S. Could Fight The
Pirates Jefferson Sent A Naval Force Into the
Mediterranean Systematic Bombardment Of Tripoli Americans Come Out Victorious At The End Of
The War, June 10th, 1805
Retirement From Office Retires From Office In 1809 Helped Establish The
University of Virginia Health Began To Fail In 1825
By 1826 He Was Confined To His Bed
Died On July 4th, 1826 Died A Few Hours Before John
Adams Though Born Wealthy, Died In
Debt
James Madison Born March 16th, 1751
Oldest Of 12 Children Father Wealthy Tobacco Planter Highly Educated Married Dolley Todd 9/1/1794
Adopted Her Son John One Of The Authors Of The Federalists Papers Politically Active
Worked For Religious Freedoms “Father of the Constitution”, Writer Of The Bill of
Rights
Madison Presidency Served From 1809-1817 Initially Worked Against
The National Bank Would Expire In 1811 Used To Finance The War of
1812 Rechartered The Bank In
1814 Dealt With The Second
Barbary War Conclusive End To American
Tribute To Tripoli
War of 1812 British Navy Interfering With American Trade
Seizing American Ships, Impressing American Sailors
Madison Pushes Congress To Prepare For War Southern & Western “War Hawks” Back Madison
War Declared By Congress In June Of 1812 American Launches A Canadian Invasion
Utter Failure American Troops Perform Poorly
The American Navy Redeems Itself With A Victory At Lake Erie
War of 1812 Native American Skirmishes On The
Frontier Tecumseh Killed In October Of 1813 Andrew Jackson Defeats Creek & Seminole
Forces In AL & FL (Respectively) Washington Threatened
Four Major British Forces Land In The U.S. Maine, New York, Maryland, & New Orleans
The Capital Threatened With Capture Madison Flees The City Before British Troops
Arrive Dolley Madison Remains In The City
War of 1812 Washington Threatened
British Forces Began Nearing The Capital Mrs. Madison Empties The White House Of
President Madison’s Letters, Valuables, & Art Saves The Portrait Of George Washington
British Capture The City Burn The White House & Capital Building A Terrible Storm Kills Many British Troops & Slows
Their Advance
War of 1812 Battle Of Fort McHenry
Francis Scott Key Poem “Star-Spangled Banner”
Treaty Of Ghent Battle Of New Orleans
Americans Led By Andrew Jackson 71 American Casualties, 2036 British Deaths American Victory Fought After The Treaty of Ghent Signed
Post-Presidency Ushered In The “Era of Good
Feelings” Retired To Plantation At Montpelier Left The Presidency Poorer Than
When He Entered Bedridden Over Anxiety Of Debt Latter Years He Remained Politically
Active June 28, 1836
Madison Died Last Of The Founding Fathers