the discovery of cells
TRANSCRIPT
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The Discovery of Cells
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All living things are made of cells!
Could be one
Could be many
unicellular
multicellular
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The Discovery of Cells
Robert Hooke (1665)
Looked through a very simple microscope at a thin slice of cork
Saw “little boxes” and named them cells
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The Discovery of Cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1675)
Discovered tiny creatures swimming around in pond water using a simple microscope
Named them animalcules
Life in Water The Hidden Life of Pond Water
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It took more than 150 years for scientists to develop microscopes that would allow them to really study cells.
The Discovery of Cells
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Matthias Schleidan (1838)
Found that all parts of a plant are made of cells
The Discovery of Cells
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Theodor Schwann (1839)
Found that animals were made of cells
Determined that all the tissues of the body form from a single cell.
The Discovery of Cells
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Rudolph Virchow (1858)
Found that new cells come from the division of existing cells
The Discovery of Cells
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Cell Theory
All living things are made of one or more cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function in organisms.
All cells arise from existing cells.
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The Two Types of Cells
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Two types of cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryote – a unicellular organism that:
has one loop of DNA floating in the cytoplasm
does not have membrane-bound organelles
Have a cell wall that protects and provides structure and support
SOME have a capsule that allow them to stick to things and avoid being broken down.
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Prokaryotes
Very large and diverse group of cells
Includes Eubacteria and Archaebacteria
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Prokaryotic Cell
Capsule Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
DNA
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Eukaryotic Cells
Eukaryote – an organism made of cell(s) with:
DNA in a nucleus
DNA arranged into linear chromosomes
Membrane-bound organelles
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Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular
Includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals
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Eukaryotic Cell
NucleusDNA
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Organelles
Ribosomes
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Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized which allows them to be:
Larger than prokaryotes
Allows them to carryout specialized processes (differentiation)
o muscle cells, blood cells, nerve cells
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Eukaryotes
Organelle – a structure that carries out a specific activity inside the cell
Membrane-bound organelles are surrounded by a membrane just like the cell membrane
Nucleus – the structure that stores and protects the DNA
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Two types of cells
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
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What structures are common to ALL cells?
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
DNA
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What structures are common to ALL cells?
Cell Membrane A barrier between
the environment and the inside of the cell
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What structures are common to ALL cells? Cytoplasm
the fluid (cytosol) and all the structures inside the cell
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What structures are common to ALL cells? Ribosome cellular structure where proteins are made
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What structures are common to ALL cells? DNA genetic material that provides the instructions to
make proteins
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The shape of a cell is a result of its function.
What is the function of each cell type?
Cells vary in size and shape
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Cells vary in shape and size
All the nutrients and waste must pass through the cell membrane!
the larger a cell gets the more nutrients and waste must pass through the membrane
Surface area to Volume ratio