the director and the producer - northern state university director and the producer ... script 1....
TRANSCRIPT
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The Director and the Producer
Christopher Hewitt Zero Mostel
In The Producers (1968)
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The First Modern Director
Georg, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
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Before the modern director
The functions of the director were performed
by…
1. The Playwright
2. The Leading actor
3. The Company manager
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Creative Director
1. Creates a “new” work from the play
2. Change the period and location of the
script
3. Adds scenes from other plays
4. Adds songs, dances, projections, a
narrator to help the audience understand
the “message”
5. Usually uses a play in public domain
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Orson Welles
“The Voodoo Macbeth”
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“The Fascist Julius Caesar”
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An Interpretative director places
his emphasis on the playwrights
text
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Shakespeare’s Hamlet
Laurence Olivier Mel Gibson
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Interpretation & Protagonist's Spine
Shakespeare’s Hamlet
1. Personal tragedy: To avenge the murder
of his father
2. Religious tragedy: To cleanse the Court
3. Political tragedy: To depose Claudius as
King
4. Freudian tragedy: To punish Claudius for
marrying Gertrude
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Who chooses the play?
1. Commercial theatre: The Producer
2. The non-commercial theatre: The
Director, often with advice from the “Play
Selection Committee”
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Considerations when choosing a
script
1. Variety in style and content
2. Taste and desire of the audience
3. Available actors
4. Production demands
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Open Dance Auditions
at NSU
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AuditionsOpen auditions:
1. Open to all
2. Used in most non-commercial theatres
3. Used to cast minor rolls in professional productions
Closed auditions:
1. Only those invited can read for a part
2. Used to cast major rolls in commercial productions
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Function of the rehearsalTurn the actor into the character
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Length of rehearsal period
Equity Theatre (Professional):
• Play: 4 weeks
• Musical: 5 weeks
• A week is 6 days out of 7, A day is 8 ½ hour (During the final week, the day can be lengthened to 12 hours)
Community and Educational Theatre:
• 5 - 6 weeks
• A week is 5 days, A day is 2-3 hours
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Types of rehearsal
1. Reading (Actors seated at a table)
2. Blocking (Actor on stage, script in hand)
3. Polishing (Actors become familiar with the
role)
4. Technical (Add sets and lights)
5. Dress (Add costumes)
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Actor Dominance
1. Relationship to the audience
2. Character’s height
3. Character’s focus
4. Stage area
5. Scenery
6. Costumes
7. Lights
8. Movement
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Hello, Dolly!
Full front
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Highest point on the stage
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Focus of the waiters
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Center stage
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Framed by the arch
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Red dress
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Spotlighted
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Stage Directions
• Up stage: Towards the back wall
• Down stage: Towards the audience
• Stage left: From the actor’s perspective
• Stage right: From the actor’s perspective
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Stage Areas
Strongest area: Down center
• As an actor moves towards the center he
becomes stronger
• As he moves towards the front of the
stage he becomes stronger
• Stage right is stronger than stage left
Weakest area: Up left
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Four Production Designers
1. Scene Designer
2. Costume Designer
3. Lighting Designer
4. Sound Designer
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Five Departments of Technical
Production
1. Sets (or Carpentry)
2. Props
3. Costumes (or Wardrobe)
4. Lights (or Electric)
5. Hair (and Makeup)
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Unions
1. Director: Society of Stage Directors and
Choreographers (SSDC)
2. Designers: United Scenic Artists of
America (USAA)
3. Stagehands: International Alliance of
Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE)
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The Producer
• Head of the company
• Chooses the script or “property”
• Raises the money needed to open the
show
• Hires the director
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Theatre Angel
• The investors who fund the production
• If the show is a “hit”, they will receive half
the profits
• Chance of seeing a return on your
investment: About 1 out of 10
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Hit and Flop
• Hit: A show which
repays the initial
investment
• Flop: A show which
does not
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Three performance formats
1. Long run: An open ended run. Used on
Broadway
2. Limited run: A set number of
performances. Used in educational and
community theatres
3. Repertory: Cycle through a number of
different shows during the season. Used
by major opera and ballet companies.
Also by some summer stock companies.
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Longest running shows
• Broadway: Phantom of the Opera. 22
years, still running
• Off-Broadway: The Fantasticks. 42 years
• London’s West End: The Mousetrap. 58
years, still running
• The 10 longest running shows on
Broadway are all musicals
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Shortest runs…
Broadway:
• Frankenstein (1981): 1 performance
• Carrie, the musical (1988): 5
performances
• Hot September (1965): 0
performances. Closed during
tryouts
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10 Longest Running Shows
1. Phantom of the Opera* (1988)
2. Cats (1982)
3. Les Misérables (1987)
4. A Chorus Line (1975)
5. Oh Calcutta (1976 revival)
6. Chicago* (1996 revival)
7. The Lion King* (1997)
8. Beauty and the Beast (1994)
9. Rent (1996)
10.Miss Saigon (1991)
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Three Producing Formats
1. Commercial theatre
2. Educational theatre
3. Community theatre
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Commercial Theatre
Goal: To make a profit
Examples:
1. Broadway
2. Off-Broadway
3. Off-off-Broadway
4. The Road
5. Summer Stock
6. Regional Theatres
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A Broadway Theatre
• Seats 500 or more
• Ticket for a musical: $ 137
• Type of shows presented: 30-40% original scripts, 50-60% revivals
• Number of performances per week: 8
• Number of new shows per season: 30-40
• Start up cost: Musical: $ 25-30 Million
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TKTS Booth on Times Square
Discounted tickets to Broadway
Shows
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An Off-Broadway Theatre
• Seats 100 to 499
• Ticket for a musical: $ 75
• Number of performances
per week: 8
• Type of shows presented:
50-60% original scripts,
10-20% revivals
• Number of new shows per
season: 80-90
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An Off-off-Broadway Theatre
• Seats 99 or less
• Types of shows:
Original scripts
• Number of
performances per
week: 3 – 4
• Ticket price: $ 20 -
25
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The Road
Taking the show to the audience.
1. National Company: Carbon copy of the
Broadway production. Plays major cities.
2. Bus and Truck: Smaller version of the
production. Plays shorter runs (1 to 6
weeks) in smaller cities
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Commercial
Summer Stock
• Most located along the East coast
• Perform to tourists
• Present 8-10 shows in 10 weeks
• 8 performances of each show
• Stage mostly musicals and light comedies
• Often present “recent Broadway
successes”
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Types of Shows
1. Original un-produced scripts
2. Recent Broadway Successes
3. Modern “Classic”
4. Traditional Classic
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Commercial Resident
Regional Theatre
• A professional theatre located outside of
New York City
• One of the first: The Guthrie
• Guthrie wanted to create a resident acting
company in Minneapolis
• Type of shows presented: Original scripts
and both traditional and modern classics
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Sir Tyrone Guthrie
1900-1971
• Major British director
• Known for productions of operaand Shakespeare
• Founder of the Canadian Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, Ontario
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Educational Theatre
• Purpose: To give students experience in
acting, directing, management…
• Type of shows presented: Classics and
recent Broadway successes
• Two types of programs: Co-curricular and
extra-curricular
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Co-curricular
• The production program is part of the
academic program
• Need to be a theatre major to audition
• Found in professionally oriented programs
such as at Yale, NYU, Boston U
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Extra-curricular
• The production program is an adjunct to the academic program
• Any student can audition for a show
• Found in most liberal arts colleges
• Type of program at Northern
• Program is Non-profit. 70% of income comes from ticket sales, 30% from student fees
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Community Theatre
• Purpose: To have fun
• Type of shows presented:
Modern classics and recent
Broadway successes
• Theatre is Non Profit: Ticket
sales and Season Memberships
produce about 80% of the
income
• Example: Aberdeen Community
Theatre