the digital witness duncan w. glaholt. question #1 : can a computer be a witness? a: yes! 1....
TRANSCRIPT
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The Digital Witness
Duncan W. Glaholt
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Question #1 : Can a Computer be a Witness?
• A: Yes!
• 1. Automatic Data Collection
• 2. Computer Animation
• 3. Computer Recreations
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• Automatic Data Collection
– security pass card and log;
– cellular usage log
– any computer-based record keeping system
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• Computer Animation– Computer-created representations to depict
the testimony of a witness– The classic “cut-away view”– E.g. heart valve, operating engine, piping
failure– No estimates, no suppositions, no
extrapolation– Renders evidence into animation
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• Computer re-creation
– Computer-created, accurate, mathematically consistent, visual representation of what a reconstruction expert believes happened in a situation;
– e.g. modeling program, fatigue analysis, finite element analysis
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Example – Flume Ride
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Side Impact Demonstration
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Side wall cracking
Maximum Stress Of 60 MPa
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Question # 2: Are there limits?
• In the U.S.: Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993)
• Instead of "general acceptance" in the scientific community, the new test requires an independent judicial assessment of reliability.
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• In Canada: R. v. J. (J-L.) (2000), 148 C.C.C. (3d) 487 (S.C.C.):
Daubert must be read in light of the specific text of the Federal Rules of Evidence, which differ from our own;
There are a number of factors that could be helpful in evaluating novel science
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“(1) whether the theory or technique can be and has been tested.
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“(2) whether the theory or technique has been subjected to peer review and publication.
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• (3) the known or potential rate of error or the existence of standards; and,
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“(4) whether the theory or technique used has been generally accepted.
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ReliabilityR. v. Chow (1991), 68 C.C.C. (3d) 190 (Alta. C.A.)
Machine collects data without human Interventione.g. recipient, length of cell phone callsProblem: No human witness available to “prove” business record under oath
Automatic Data Collection
Basis of Admissibility
Distinguishing Characteristics
Category
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Demonstrative onlyPossesses no probative valueMerely illustrates effect of otherwise admissible substan-tive evidenceNeeds only evidentiary foundation, threshold low
Meant to be exact graphical representation of complex concept;Not based on estimates, suppositions or extrapolations;No analysis or theory added;e.g. interior of beating heart; splicing, unsplicing of DNA; inside of working engine;Problem: Shows us things no human witness could ever see
Computer Animation
Basis of Admissibility
Distinguishing Characteristics
Category
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R. 30.01R. 53R. v. Mohan, [1994] 2 S.C.R. 9(i) relevance(ii) necessity(iii) absence of exclusionary rule(iv) properly qualified expert
Essentially uses computer software to create meticulously accurate, mathematically consistent visual representation of what an expert believes happened in a given situationWUFI analysis (calculates moisture transport in building envelope systems)Q.Q.S. (Quality and Quantity Simulation System / water flow)
Computer Re-Creation
Basis of Admissibility
Distinguishing Characteristics
Category
Problem: This is opinion evidence
pure and simple, meantto be relied upon by
the trier of fact
Prejudice v. Probative ValueRelative Experience of
Trier of Fact
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Summary
R. v. Mohan & Rules
“3-D opinion”Computer re-creation
Demonstrative, not probative value
“cut-away view”Computer Animation
Reliability“machine made evidence”
Automatic Data
Collection
Basis of
Admissibility
CharacteristicsCategory
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Question # 3: Are we ready?
Electronic Courtroom, 393 University Avenue, Toronto
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The electronic courtroom will support:
Digital evidence and argument presentation
Remote video and teleconferencing appearances by counsel, witnesses and interpreters
Simultaneous cross-border hearings
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Question # 4: When and How?
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Process Matrix
Law of EvidenceCounselPersuasionLitigation
Panel’s Expertise
PanelExposition / Persuasion
Arbitration
Mediator’s Style
GroupExpositionMediation
Timing of Intervention
ProjectDocumen-tation
DRB / Project Neutral
Limiting Factor
DriverGoalProcess
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• Does it:
- clarify (score 1)- simplify (score 1)- focus (score 1)
• Total score 1: Scrap it!• Total score 2: Risk it?• Total score 3: Use it!
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Tip # 1
Think live theatre:
A few special effects go a long way
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Tip # 2
Know your audience:
Research your court and opposing counsel; anticipate and be ready for objections
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Tip # 3
Strive for smoothness, rhythm and flow
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Tip # 4
Remember: You are spending your client’s money, and your credibility
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Question # 5: What is Ed Josiah’s Number?
(516) 802-5732 (direct)
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The End
(Ed Josiah’s again is:
(516) 802-5732 direct)