the dialectic of bottom-up and top-down emergence in social systems...
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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TRANSCRIPT
The Dialectic of
Bottom-up and Top-down Emergence
in Social Systems
報告者:廖于萱、張筠、曾一平、劉季寧
Author:
Christian Fuchs ([email protected]), Wolfgang Hofkirchner ([email protected])
and Bert Klauninger ([email protected])
• In the course of evolution one system is linked to another—the old to the new—by emergence.
• Emergence brings about the the change from one system in one phase of evolution to anther system in another phase.
Emergence and Self-organization
• Upward & Downward• The super-system level both enables and
constrains activities at the lower system level.
• The old system is overcome, but conserved by the new one.
•→ Diachronic ↑ Synchronous•The systems have subordinate subsystems and are themselves components of high level systems.•They do not determine the development at the higher level in detail.
回顧
• The individual in Modern Society
• Constructivism, Structuralism or Interactive Dualism
The individual in Modern Society
( 個人在現代社會下的意義 )
• Free will• Act rationally and responsibly
• tied to the idea of private property?!
Constructivism( 建構 / 構成 主義 )• 主要概念 : Cognition is constructed in an autonomous
manner and is not determined by social/physical reailty
→Muturana and Varela
• 侷限 : not consider the dialectical relationship of
the individual/consciousness and society/being.
Structuralism( 結構 主義 )• 主要概念 : The relationship of being and consciousness
in a structuralist manner by assuming that being determines consciousness
→The Frankfurt School Theodor W. Adorno
• 侷限 : the dialectical relationship of society and the
individual is not sufficiently considered
Individual-society Dualism( 個體 ─ 社會 互動 / 二元論 )
• 主要概念 :• Subjective and objective knowledge• Super-personal level: developed from an individual’s
back ground, but then acquires an independent existence and exists separately from the person.
→Popper
• 侷限 : Whether the cosmos can be divided into the three parts
Popper envisaged?
3.3 A Dialectical and Emergentist View
3.3.1. Individual Information• 假定: Consciousness is neither solely an
individual construction nor solely a reflection of society.
• Karl Marx : the dialectical relationship of being and action/consciousness
• Herbert Marcuse : emerge
• The Theory of Self-organization(自我組織理論)
• Evolutionary system(演化系統)
• Unified Theory of Information
Individual informationindividual values, norms, conclusions, rules, opinions, ideas, and belives.
Social information
• 【 Culture】習慣規章得以合法、具正當性 -明確定義
• 【 Politics 】規律一致的事物獲得授權 -影響決策判斷
• 【 Economy 】 :生產分配
自然資源的配置 -物質的傾向、分配
共同運作下的社會關係• Individual consciousness
& action
• Social information -相互辯證的 re-creation
• 經由互動之後,產生浮現效應
(動態)
• 以【團體活動】為例
The world-system
• 全球化下的結構性危機• 如:氣候變遷、全球暖化…
• G6→G8→G20(中國大陸、印度…)• 顯示出東亞體系的經濟市場漸漸受到重視• 經由競爭過程,形成優勢地位的轉變• 共同運作的社會關係,而建立一套新秩序
The End