the depth distribution of chinese coal resourcechina is relatively abundant of coal, at the...
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The Depth Distribution of Chinese Coal Resource
Kexi PanSchool of Social Development and Public Policy
Fudan University
August 22nd 2005
Content
The general situation of Chinese coal mining
Coal mining situation of the U.S.A and other main coal producers
The depth distribution of Chinese coal resource
Introduction
Conclusion remarks and further works
Introduction
China is relatively abundant of coal, at the time-being, the depth of coal exploitation is about 400~500m, (in some special cases, it is 600m).
Alongside with the increase of depth, exploitation cost, safety, etc. are very serious problems.
Generally speaking, the coal seams with depth more than 1000~1500m are not suitable for exploitation. Because of the difference of absorb ability of CO2 and CH4, injection of CO2 to replace CH4 is a win-win strategy.
From aspect of CO2 sequestration, detailed survey, study and analysis of the deep unminable coal seams will be of significant importance.
Total Resource Amount 5569.7 billion tons Reserves Proved up 1017.6 billion tons
Possessed Reserves 1003.2 billion tons
Exploitable Reserves 114.5 billion tons
4552.1 billion tons
Forecasted Resource
Chinese Coal Resource
Depth1500 -2000 m
1,367.68. Billion Tons
Depth1000 -1500 m
1,340.38.
Depth< 1000 m
1,844.05.Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves Distribution by Depth(4,552.1Billion Tons )
The Depth Distribution of Chinese Coal Resource
Billion Tons
Billion Tons
河北/山西/内蒙古16751 亿吨
其它省份2532.7亿吨
四川/贵州/云南2638.6亿吨
陕甘宁青新23598.8 亿吨
中国煤炭预测储量
Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang 2359.88 billion tons
Shanxi, Inner Mongolia andHebei 1675.1 billion tons
Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan 263.86 billion tons
Other provinces 253.27 billion tons
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves Distribution by Depth
ⅰ ⅱ ⅲ ⅳ Others National0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.0
Depth 1500 - 2000 m Depth 1000 - 1500 m Depth < 1000 m
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves Distribution by Depth
ⅰ Hebei, Shanxi and Inner Mongolia ⅱ Anhui, Shandong and Henan
ⅲ Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan ⅳ Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang
河北/山西/内蒙古4504.64亿吨
四川/贵州/云南1576.77亿吨
陕甘宁青新11742.11亿吨
其它省份616.96亿吨
中国煤炭预测储量 (埋深<1000米)Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves (Depth<1000m)
Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang 1174.21 billion tons
Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei 450.46 billion tons
Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan 157.68 billion tons
Other provinces 61.7 billion tons
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves( Depth within 1000m )
XinjiangShaanxi
Ningxia
Shanxi
SichuanGuizhou
QinghaiOthersYunnan
Inner Mongolia
河北/山西/内蒙古5652.74亿吨
其它省份1034.8亿吨
四川/贵州/云南693.17亿吨
陕甘宁青新6023.1亿吨
中国煤炭预测储量 (埋深1000-1500米)Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves (Depth:1000-1500m)
Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang 602.31 billion tons
Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei 565.27 billion tons
Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan 69.32 billion tons
Other provinces 103.48 billion tons
InnerMongolia
Xinjiang
Shanxi
Guizhou
Shaanxi
Gansu
Ningxia
Henan
Anhui
Others
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves( Depth 1000 - 1500m )
河北/山西/内蒙古6593.62亿吨
其它省份880.9亿吨
四川/贵州/云南368.62亿吨
陕甘宁青新5833.6亿吨
中国煤炭预测储量 (埋深1500-2000米)Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves (Depth:1500-2000m)
Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang 583.36 billion tons
Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and Hebei 659.36 billion tons
Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan 36.82 billion tons
Other provinces 88.09 billion tons
Chinese Forecasted Coal Reserves( Depth 1500-2000m )
InnerMongolia
Xinjiang
Shanxi NingxiaGansu
ShaanxiHebeiGuizhouHenan
Others
Number of Chinese Coal Mines
State-ownedprincipal coal
mines 736Local state-ownedcoal mines 2176
Coal mines ownedby villages andtowns 24500
Number of American Strip Mines and Pithead Mines
19992002
842749
1300
1100
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Strip MinePithead Mine
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
East China
NortheastChina
SouthwestChina
MiddlesouthChina
NorthChina
Chinese Coal Mine Exploration Depth
Average Depth 456m
The Biggest Vertical Depth 1300m
Reserves of American Strip Mines and Pithead Mines
EIA1999(Unit:billion tons)
163.4
339.3
St r i p Mi nePi t head Mi ne
The Output of Main Coal Producers’ (Strip Mine and Pithead Mine)
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
China U.S.A Australia India S.Africa
Pithead MineStrip Mine
Chinese Coal Output 1949-2004 (Unit:Million Tons)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1949
1951
1953
1955
1957
1959
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003Chinese Coal Yield
42.92
397.21 353.99
620.13
1079.3
999.16
1089.67
1380
1667
1956
The composition of coal output of China in 2004
Chinese Coal Yield
State-owned key coal mines
47%
Local state-owned coal mines 15%
Coal mines owned by villages
and towns 38%
Conclusion Remarks
Exploitation of the coal with depth more than 1500~2000m is very difficult ---- increase of cost, unsafety, disaster gas blast.
Injection of CO2 into unminable coal seams is a win-win strategy ---- exploitation of huge amount of CH4 and a nature reservoir of CO2 storage.
The unminable deep coal reserves is about 30% of the total, in average, absorbed CH4 in coal is 10~20m3/t. The amount of CH4 in deep coal seams which could be obtained by CO2 injection is 13Tm3 (37% of the total estimated reserves in China). Theoretically, 2mols of CO2 could “squeeze” out 1mol of CH4.
The amount of CO2 which could be stored in unminable deep coal seams is 30Gt (10 times of the CO2 emitted in China annually).
Conclusion Remarks
The areas of abundant unminable coal reserves are coincide with the areas of abundant minable coal reserves (with depth less than 1000m). It is easy to be arranged:
On-site exploitation
On-site transformation (power, liquid fuels, chemical...) via Polygeneration
On-site capture (sequestration)
On-site injection and sequestration (enhancement of CBM production)
Further Works
Detailed survey and analysis of reserves of deep unminable coal seams, their distribution, the physical and chemical characteristic of the coal (permeability, contents of CBM, etc.)
The absorb ability and desorb ability of CH4 and CO2 for diverse coal, the basic mechanism, establishment of mathematical model, experimental and simulation study
The flow pattern of underground injected CO2 and desorbed CH4, the requirement of well-drilling and distribution, modeling and simulation
Strengthen the international cooperation (Alberta Research Council, Canada and other institutions)
Thank YouThank You