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Some Scottish Sources on Militias, Fencibles and Volunteer Corps. 1793 1830

Professor Arnold Morrison

INTRODUCTION

Scotland has a long tradition of auxiliary forces - Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers - which were raised for internal defence. From the 1690's until 1746 regiments of Fencibles or Militias were deployed during actual or threatened Jacobite risings, and then later during the Seven Years War and the American War of Independence. However, the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France and their respective allies, which lasted, with two brief intervals, from 1793 to 1815, not only caused a dramatic increase in auxiliary forces raised for internal defence but also led to major changes in their nature and organisation, among them the creation of a Scottish Militia and the formation of numerous Volunteer Corps. The Militia and some of the Volunteer Yeomanry Corps persisted after the ending of the conflicts in 1815, leading eventually to a closer association of these and later auxiliary forces with regular regiments of the British Army and after 1907 to the development of the Territorial Army which exists to the present day. Numerous records of officers and other ranks have survived from the late 17th. Century onwards, but are particularly abundant for the 1793 - 1830 period. They contain information on men from all classes of Scottish society, but with a preponderance of those from the agricultural and urban labouring classes. They include men who were deemed liable for service as well as those who were actually enlisted, thus embracing a large sector of the adult male population. And they contain personal and background as well as service information. Consequently, these records are invaluable

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sources

for

family

historians,

serving

on

the

one

hand

to

supplement the parish registers, kirk session papers and other sources for the period and sometimes providing information on the common people, which is unobtainable elsewhere. They are important too in giving insights into parish and county life and the attitudes of people from different classes of Scottish Society. And lastly, they contribute to a wider view of the political and military events of the times and how these affected the Scottish people. This booklet aims to demonstrate the importance of the records of Fencibles, Militias and Volunteers to those family and local historians who may wish to use them. The first part deals briefly with the historical background to these auxiliary forces and with their recruitment and organisation, as a way of appreciating the kinds of records that were created. The second part describes the information that may be found and its uses by family and local historians, before going on to discuss the factors affecting the present diverse locations of records, with examples of records incorporated in the text. There is then a substantial listing of the records and their locations, followed by references and an index. The emphasis throughout will be on the late Eighteenth and early Nineteenth centuries, but it should be borne in mind that records of auxiliary forces exist from before and after that period. THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . One of the many consequences of the Union of 1707 and the loss of Scotland's parliamentary independence was the increasing involvement of Scots in the political, dynastic and colonial policies and conflicts of the dominant partner in that Union England. The 18th.Century was characterised by wars of dynastic succession, continental and colonial conflicts between Great Britain and France and Spain, and the American Revolutionary War. The final years of the century and the beginning of the 19th.Century saw the conflicts with France and Spain at their height during the Revolutionary/Napoleonic Wars. Despite Scotlands involvement in two world wars it still comes as a surprise to realize that Britain was almost continuously at war with France and her2

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allies for twenty two years between 1793 and 1815 - with the Regular Army stretched to its limits in home defence and foreign campaigns, French naval vessels and privateers off the Scottish coast, the threat of invasion of the United Kingdom and the fear of internal subversion from the spread of republican and radical ideas from France. And if these were not enough to contend with, the unhappy Irish rebelled in 1798 and a small French invasion force joined them. Ireland in fact continued to be a persisting source of armed insurrection and civil disorder long after the defeat of France and her allies in 1815, and a major drain on military resources. The Napoleonic Wars created an unprecedented demand for military manpower. This was met in part by a great expansion of regular forces, but the government also had to devise policies for raising large auxiliary forces for internal defence. These policies changed over time, shifting from dependence in the earlier years on voluntary recruitment for Fencibles and Volunteers to selective conscription for the Militia, and from government support for the formation of units by individual landowners and local associations to the creation of a Scottish and Local Militias. Consequently, a very large number of units of different kinds were created, all keeping records of one kind or another. Little can be gauged at first hand about the reactions of the ordinary people in their Highland settlements and Lowland farms or of the workers in the mills and factories to the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars with France and Spain - for they had little or no voice in political affairs or in the newspapers of the time. Many no doubt were carried along by the patriotic fervour of the times, but others were sympathetic to revolutionary ideas from France. However, whether patriotic, disaffected or simply ignorant or indifferent to political events, there was no burning zeal for enforced military service, even in home-based and part-time auxiliary forces, amongst most of the ordinary people. However, there is no doubt that a mixture of patriotism and self-interest seized the political establishment, the landowning interests and the commercial and professional classes, which on the one hand, saw them readily involved in raising and directing auxiliary forces and on the other, ensured that landowners encouraged their tenants and others to serve. It can

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be flavoured in the minutes of Lieutenancy Courts, the proclamations of landowners to their tenants and labourers and the national and local press. Among Earl Fife's papers for 1797 there is a preamble to a list of his tenants and estate workers - but hardly penned by them - which reads: "Considering that this county is threatened by an invasion of our enemies, and that it becomes us as men impressed with sentiments of loyalty to our most gracious sovereign, a love of our country, and who entertain a sense of the inestimable blessings enjoyed under the present happy Constitutution, to come forward for their support, protection and defence, do hereby declare our determination to repel by every means in our power the attacks of all enemies foreign and domestic, and for that purpose to turn out upon the shortest notice, to stand by one another and act within the county under the Lord Lieutenant of the County....." The propertied classes were not only concerned with the foreign enemy, but felt much unease at the prospect of internal disorder provoked by radical ideas among the working classes who might not be so appreciative of the "inestimable blessings enjoyed under the present happy Constitution"! In the event their fears were much exaggerated and when popular disturbances did arise in 1797 they had more to do with hostility to a form of conscription than with radical ideas, although those were present too. THE ORGANISATION OF AUXILIARY FORCES Fencible Regiments. Initially, the traditional practice of raising Fencible Regiments continued. When Britain went to war with France in 1793 several great Scottish landowners petitioned the King to raise fencibles and seven regiments were embodied at that time, among them The Grant, Strathspey or First Highland Fencible Regiment, The Argyleshire Fencible Regiment, The West Lowland Fencibles and The Breadalbane Fencibles. Many other regiments were raised subsequently. The men were voluntarily enlisted, normally for service in any part of Scotland, and in England if invaded, but not overseas, received a bounty, were disciplined paid, armed and clothed on the same footing as soldiers of the Regular Army and in the case of Highland Regiments wore full4

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Highland dress. Although the Fencibles were raised primarily for Scottish and English service, the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion in 1798 led to many regiments being sent there to suppress the rebels and counter a French invasion force. The Angus, Argyll, Sutherland Breadalbane, Loyal Tay, Fraser, Elgin, Glengarry and Reay Fencibles and the Midlothian Fencible Cavalry Regiment were among the fencible forces in Ireland during the rebellion and its aftermath. Also, the Argyll Fencibles served in Gibraltar. A change in government policy led to the disbanding of Fencible Regiments between 1799 and 1802. There were several reasons, among them: the creation of the Scottish Militia, the reduced need for their services in Ireland, their restricted terms of service, lack of recruits and the temporary cessation of hostilities with France, with the Peace of Amiens between 1802-3. Although the war resumed in 1803 the government now relied upon the Militia and Volunteer Corps for internal defence. Volunteer Corps. To All Gentlemen Royal Volunteers Whose generous souls burn with the thirst of attaining immortal glory in defence and support of the Crown and the dignity of the best of Kings (extract from Stirlingshire notice) *************** Hey Volunteers, are ye waken yet? Ho! Jolly lads, are ye ready yet? Are ye up? are ye drest? Will ye all do your best To fight Bonaparte in the morning? Now, brave Volunteers, be it day, be it night, When the Signal is given that the French are in sight, Ye must haste with your brethren in arms to unite To fight Bonaparte in the morning. (Verses from marching song of the Dunfermline Volunteers)

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The outbreak of war in 1793 had led to a remarkable proliferation of Volunteer Corps of infantry, yeomanry (cavalry) and artillery. These were local associations fostered by noblemen, gentry and leading figures in burghs with the purpose of providing defence in case of invasion of their local areas. There was no set period of service, they formulated their own policies (To quote from the rules of one Association, "we are not liable to drill but when convenient to ourselves"), and were variously equipped and trained. Since service in these corps was not onerous, amounting to little more than occasional paid drills and parades and an annual camp, recruitment proved easy. The names of long- forgotten units remind one of the military fervour of the local gentry and the commercial, professional and trades classes of the times - the Cambuslang Yeomanry, the Mearns Volunteers, the Clandonachy Volunteers , the Glasgow Grocers' Corps, the Cromdale Volunteers, the Roxburgh Yeomanry, the Maybole Volunteers, the Midlothian Artillery, the Glengarry, Morar and Letterfindlay Volunteers and so forth. Sir Walter Scott was Quartermaster and Secretary of the Royal Edinburgh Volunteer Light Dragoons, for whom he wrote the words for the regimental song, and Robert Burns served in the Royal Dumfries Volunteers and was given a military funeral by them, his sword and cocked hat on the coffin. Some contemporary observers did not regard the Volunteer Corps as very satisfactory, one commenting that there was "No control over men who think they do us and the public a favour". Also, whilst the populace might well enjoy watching the Volunteers on parade, they didnt always take them very seriously. In Glasgow, Kirkman Finlays Volunteers were known as The Yowes and the Grocers Corps as The Sugaraloes. The flexible and limited terms of service, the often indifferent equipment and training and the lack of a coherent national policy clearly limited their value in resisting invasion by the French. Nevertheless, they served an immediate need and perhaps more importantly demonstrated the future possibilities of part-time soldiers as adjuncts to the regular army. An 1808 Militia Act led to most of the Volunteer Corps being disbanded or reformed as Local Militia, under firmer government control and with a uniform organisation throughout Scotland. However, some corps of Volunteer Yeomanry (Cavalry) continued after 1815, officered by country gentlemen,6

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manufacturers and professional men. Now, their role lay more in local affairs than in defence against an outside enemy, for in default of adequate civil policing in the burgeoning industrial and urban centres they were called upon from time to time by the manufacturing interests and civic authorities to suppress disorders among the working classes who were protesting in favour of better conditions, civil liberties and political rights. So, some of the Yeomanry Corps continued, and with the revival of the Rifle (Infantry) Volunteers in the 1850s, once more constituted a major part-time force, becoming Volunteer Battalions to regiments of the British Army. The Scottish Militia. In 1794 the Government took a significant step towards defence and maintenance of civil order. a more effective

policy on the provision of properly equipped and disciplined forces for home County Lieutenancies were established on a permanent footing, with a Lord Lieutenant and Deputes. Initially the Lords Lieutenant were responsible to the Home Office London for promoting local Volunteer Corps, but in appointing them the government created the influential local organisation needed to raise and direct a presided over Lieutenancy Courts charged with these Scottish Militia and Local Militias. Following the 1797 Militia Act the Lords Lieutenant responsibilities - although in practice the work was done by the ViceLieutenants, the Deputies and their Clerks. The Militia Act Scotland 1797. The Scottish Militia Act of 1797 provided for a Scottish Militia of six thousand men. This Act (and later ones) varied in some specifics, such as age-range of liable men, but the principal features were: The creation of County or combined County Regiments. ( Orkney and Shetland were excluded, being predominantly seafaring communities with a major liability for impressment into the Navy). The raising of men by ballot - although men could volunteer Annual training or embodied service in wartime Service primarily in Scotland

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Fixed term of compulsory service for five years. Military discipline Arrangements for Substitutes or payment of a penalty of ten or later twenty pounds. Exemptions - seamen, ministers of the Gospel, professors, articled clerks and apprentices, schoolmasters, peace officers, poor men with more than two children, persisting illness or physical disability. Members of Volunteer Corps in service before the 1797 Act were also exempt. Allowances for Dependants. The Militia Act of 1797 provoked widespread opposition among the working and middle classes. There were not only those who saw it as an infringement of liberty and, as Earl Grey said many years later, a partial and unequal tax upon the lower orders, but also those who recognised it as legislation which might and would be used against dissident expression. Others distrusted the government's intentions, fearing that they might be sent overseas or drafted into regular regiments. Rumour-mongering was rife, some of it deliberately fostered. Minimising these rumours was no easy task for the Lieutenancies, not least in Gaelic-speaking areas. In one instance, that of the Lieutenancy Court in Inverary, an early minute in 1797 reads: "The meeting having understood that in many parts of Scotland ill-disposed persons had been at pains to mislead the lower orders of the people by a misconstruction of the Act of Parliament ...........the Clerk was therefore directed..............to explain in Gaelic the following sections of the Act viz 16, 21, 25, 34, 35 and 55..", these concerning particularly, balloting procedures, penalties for failing to serve, exemptions and the prohibition against militiamen being forcibly enlisted in the Regular Army. No doubt, however, much of the detestation arose basically from the arbitrariness of the ballot system and the disruption of the working and family lives of the able young men of the counties and burghs. Initial resistance took many forms. Rioting was widespread in the mid/ late summer of 1797 in the Borders, Central Scotland and the Southern Highlands. The Duke of Atholl reported to the Lord Advocate that there was a

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riotous spirit in every parish in Perthshire, orchestrated by Angus King Cameron and James Menzies. Crowds intimidated Deputy Lieutenants, Ballot meetings were broken-up and parish ballot lists were destroyed. In Braemar, for example, a riot led to the minister throwing the militia lists out of the window to the crowd below. Families refused to co-operate with or abused the luckless schoolmasters who had to compile the parish lists of men for the ballot and men fled from their parishes. In the parish of Dull in Perthshire, Donald Fleming the schoolmaster was paraded bareback through the streets of Aberfeldy until he surrendered the session book and a mob marched on Castle Menzies where they demanded the repeal of the Militia Act. And, writing many years later in the 1840's, the minister of New Kilpatrick reported that: "the Parochial Registers are imperfect, part of them being destroyed in 1797, at the first balloting of the militia. On that occasion a considerable mob assembled which was not dispersed until troops arrived from Glasgow, by whom several prisoners were made. Some of the mob having entered the schoolmaster's house, seized on the register of baptisms and tore out a number of the leaves, that they might not be evidence against them of their liability to serve". However, the worst of the riots occurred at Tranent when troops had to be brought in to quell the mob and several were killed or wounded. Opposition to militia service did not end with the disorders of 1797. Instead, men sought to avoid service, partly by using the appeals system to gain exemption on grounds of ill-health or disability, but more strikingly by exploiting the provision within the legislation either to pay a stiff penalty of ten pounds or more for refusing to serve or to find a substitute to serve on one's behalf. And, evasion did not end there, since a considerable proportion of men who were enlisted then deserted. Thus, in the early 1800s some ten to sixteen percent of men in the Stirlingshire Militia deserted. Some men took out personal insurance as a means of paying the potential penalty, while others joined Militia Societies. Both practices became extensive. For example, Messrs.Sievwright and Greig of the Lucky Lottery Office in Edinburgh would for a premium of one guinea per annum, "relieve you from the effects of all ballots that may take place for the Ordinary Militia of Scotland.....either by finding a substitute or paying the penalty of fifteen pounds.." and John Croumbie and Co.in Haddington advertised that "Those9

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who were insured in September 1807 will be paid the balance of twelve shillings and threepence on producing their receipts or they may be insured again by paying two pounds,ten shillings and ninepence. Others will be insured by paying three guineas". Militia Societies were formed in burghs and rural districts. As examples, there is a list of fifty odd signatories of men in the parish of Holywood in Dumfriesshire who agreed to subscribe a sum against being drawn in the militia ballot. A similar list exists for men in Inverary parish. Perth had the Tibbermuir Society, Glasgow the New Militia Society; and there was a flourishing Society in Stirling, whose preses regularly sent one of the members down to Glasgow to find substitutes for members unlucky in the ballot. In consequence, a very high proportion of the men attested for militia service were substitutes - of the militia men in Stirlingshire in 1808 only five of two hundred and twenty men were actually principals, and the great majority of sixty odd Attestation Oaths for Angus militia men, held in Montrose Library, are for substitutes - and this is to be found repeatedly in the records to be discussed later. So, those who could pay - typically tenants, merchants, tradesmen and the professional and clerical classes - evaded service, with the major burden falling upon the poorer classes, either because they could not afford insurance or pay the penalty, or because they offered themselves as substitutes through need for themselves and their families, attracted by the bounty on enlistment, payment for their service and the small dependants' allowance for wives and children.The Militia System Recruitment and Service.

The system for recruiting to and administering the Militia Regiments involved many agencies and individuals - a key reason for the range of information to be found in records. In each county the Lieutenancy Court was responsible for operating the procedures according to the prevailing Militia Act. Parish schoolmasters or burgh constables were required to compile lists of able-bodied men between certain ages (the age range was gradually extended but was typically 18 - 45).These lists give an interesting10

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insight into the relevant male populations in parishes. In mid-Argyll, for example, nine parishes give a total of 1595 eligible men and a 119 exempt. At the same time, county and parish quotas of those required to serve were established by the Government. Thus, early quotas set for militiamen to be furnished by counties in the Borders and South West were: Dumfries 247; Roxburgh 150; Stewartry of Kirkcudbright 125; Wigton 90; Peebles 51; and Selkirk 25. The Lieutenancy Court then conducted a ballot in which names were put on pieces of paper, screwed-up, placed in a barrel or bag and then drawn until the quota had been satisfied. Any appeals for exemption would be considered and where the quota was not met other names would be drawn. This top-up procedure had also to be used when men drawn in the ballot failed to appear for attestation - and such men must have been unpopular since some other unfortunate in the parish would be levied. And, of course, many substitutes would replace original names. An excellent example of the whole procedure, including parish lists, quotas, balloting and appeals, is to be found in the minutes of the Lieutenancy Court at Inverary, kept in the Argyll and Bute Council Archives in Lochgilphead. The levied principals or their substitutes would then take the Oath and join their regiments wherever they were stationed and serve for several years, the actual terms being specified in the Militia Acts (usually five years). This was a particularly onerous and disruptive commitment during the wars, when they were more or less permanently embodied and constantly on the move. Thus, between 1798-1812 the Royal Perthshire Militia was stationed in Glasgow, Fort George, Aberdeen, Banff, Perth, Dunbar, Haddington, Ramsgate, Ashford, Canterbury, Dover, Edinburgh, Penicuick and Edinburgh. However, following the cessation of hostilities in 1815 the County Militias moved onto a peacetime footing, assembling only periodically for training and exercises. Once in a Militia Regiment on service, the militiaman was systematically recorded for presence, pay and allowances and promotion - and perhaps for indiscipline, sickness or desertion. Meanwhile, his family was often left in11

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straitened circumstances, only relieved by the introduction of the small dependants' allowance mentioned earlier, which meant formal applications and a process involving his commanding officer, the submission of family information, the parish minister and elders, parish treasurer and the Justice of the Peace. Then on discharge he simply returned home to pick up the threads of his life, only a few senior non-commissioned officers being pensioned or officers granted half-pay. For some officers and men, however, Militia service led in turn to voluntary enlistment in the Regular Army. . THE RECORDS OF MILITIAS, FENCIBLES AND VOLUNTEERS. The policies adopted for recruiting and organising Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers created abundant records. Imperfect, even fragmented, as the surviving records are, they constitute a very substantial body of information. Many are now held in the National Archives of Scotland (formerly the Scottish Record Office), the National Library of Scotland, local reference libraries and archives departments and privately-held collections. Others, which fall outwith the scope of this booklet, are held in the Public Record Offices and County Record Offices in other parts of the British Isles. The information they contain varies considerably, being generally more detailed for Fencibles and Militias than for Volunteers. Furthermore, the surviving records for some parishes, counties and particular units are better than for others. This section deals with the major types of records and other sources. Parish Lists of Militia-Liable Men. The Militia Acts required schoolmasters or constables to produce lists of men liable for militia service. These lists typically give the county, parish, name, place of abode and occupation of the men in the age group. Usually they are simply written-out lists, perhaps incorporated in Lieutenancy Court minutes, but printed questionnaires sent to burgh householders might be used, in which case they give the name and address of the householder and the names of the men. These listings are, of course, occasional rather than chronologically

continuous in the period under discussion and many have not survived or yet12

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been identified.

Forfarshire, Argyllshire, Ross-shire, Borders and South West

Parishes and the Burgh of Perth are good examples of those that have survived, while those for counties such as Stirlingshire, Ayrshire and Fife have yet to be identified or may have been destroyed. Where they do survive they are invaluable in giving sightings of many thousands of individuals perhaps men whose names do not appear elsewhere because of incomplete or non-existent parish registers - identify old settlements and, of course, offer mini-censuses of that age group of males and the occupational structure in particular parishes. Example. The Lieutenancy Papers for Argyllshire contain extensive parish lists. These give place, name and occupation (sometimes with a comment such as "servant or apprentice to."). For example, an extract from the list for the parish of Glassary gives the following settlements, names and occupations: Barnakill Upper Rudil Nether Rudil Lochgilphead Hugh Graham John Campbell Neil Campbell Alex. Livingstone James Fisher Labourer Herring Fisher Farmer Apprentice Surgeon Shopkeeper

An 1803 list for the parish of North Knapdale contains the names, places and occupations of some two hundred and seventy men. A breakdown of occupations shows that 32% were tenants, 37% labourers, 20% tradesmen, 4% fishers/mariners ( but, the herring fishing was seasonal and an earlier 1798 list includes more men described as "north herring fishers") , and the remainder, merchants, drovers, a preacher and a surveyor. These men came from some seventy or more settlements or farms in the parish, many of which, such as Arichonan, Kilbride and Gartnagreanoch, are now ruins. Bellanoch near Crinan was the main centre, where there are recorded two merchants, a smith, a carpenter, a shoemaker, a weaver, a preacher and a surveyor. Records of Enlisted Men. The actual numbers of men enlisted in Militias were, of course, much smaller than those contained in the original parish lists. Nevertheless, when they are13

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combined with those who served in Fencible and Volunteer Regiments they run into many tens of thousands over the period in question. Apart from those who joined the less-regulated Volunteer Corps, where the main data are names and ranks in muster rolls and paylists (although there are some units with fuller records), information on militiamen and fencibles can be invaluable and sometimes quite unobtainable elsewhere. Generally although varying in content - the most informative types of records are Attestation Oaths, Enlistment Lists/Regimental Returns and Applications for Dependants' Allowances. Attestation Oaths and Enlistment Lists/Regimental Returns. These documents are a mine of information on men in the Scottish and Local Militias and the Fencibles. The Oaths, entered on standard forms, usually give the name of the principal or substitute, his regiment, age, occupation, parish and county of birth and signature or mark. Enlistment Lists usually contain similar information. These various records may, however, have the added bonus of a physical description. Example. The (published) records of the officers and other ranks of the Strathspey Fencibles give names, ranks, ages, occupations and parishes of birth, together with comments. Thus, Andrew Waddell: "he is such a worthless drunken fellow though a most excellent drummer". Or, Sergeant Peter Mackay, a 39 year old farmer in Kingussie: "Previously Sergeant in the 42nd. and in the 55th.Regt". - an interesting note from which one might be able to trace Peter's earlier career as a Regular soldier. William Morrison takes the Oath on enlisting in Major Balfour's Fencible Regiment of Foot on the 7th June 1795. He puts his mark since he cannot write. He comes from the parish of Gamrie in the County of Banff, he is 20 years of age, a labourer, 5ft 5ins tall, with a dark complexion, brown hair and blue eyes - followed by the signature of the surgeon. And, in Edinburgh City Archives there is a superb volume, with many thousands of men from all over Scotland who enlisted in the first half of the Ninieteenth Century in regiments of Militias, Fencibles and the Regular14

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Army, with regiment, name, occupation, parish, county, complexion, colour of eyes, colour of hair, age and height. At present its value is limited because it is unindexed, but there are plans to put it on database when resources permit. Applications for Dependants' Allowances. However, the most remarkable records from a genealogical point of view are the Dependants' Allowances, some of which survive, for example, for the Inverness Militia, Glasgow militiamen and militiamen in the South West counties, amongst others. The applications for allowances for militiamen in Glasgow give name, parish for which serving, name of wife, names of children under ten, parish where residing, date of application, sum awarded to wife and children and the name of the Justice of the Peace and Commanding Officer. These records, held on a computer database in Glasgow City Archives, are easy to search. In some cases the original four-part printed schedules for Dependants' Allowances can be inspected. Schedules for the Inverness Militia, for example, contain name of man, regiment, commanding officer, name of wife, names of children, date, parish for which serving, (if a substitute, also the name of the principal), names of parish minister and elders, name of J.P. or other signatory, name of parish treasurer and amount of weekly allowance for the wife and children. Example. On the 17th.January 1812, John Chisholm, a private in the Inverness-shire Militia, made a Declaration "Having a Wife or Family in a State of Indigence". His Wife is Elspeth MacDonald and they have two children under ten: Sophie, aged 3 and Hellen aged 2. and they reside in the Parish of Langbryde in the County of Elgin. The Declaration is signed by John Chisholm, Sergeant Major Robertson and James Tulloch, major commanding the Inverness Militia. The parish minister, William Leslie, certifies the accuracy of the Declaration, with endorsing signatures by Thomas Duncan, farmer, Alexander Scott and Alex.Anderson, Elders, (two further signatures, probably of Elders). And then, William Leslie, J.P. (presumably the Minister) orders James Donald the Parish

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Treasurer to make a weekly allowance of one shilling each for Elspeth, Sophie and Hellen. Taken together, then, the Oaths/Enlistment Lists/Regimental Returns and the Applications for Dependants' Allowances can provide substantial information on ordinary men, with the family detail helping particularly to discriminate among individuals. Nor should one neglect the value of the information on the parish itself for those particularly interested in community study. Sources for Commissioned Officers of the Auxiliary Forces. By imposing property qualifications, increasing with the officers rank, the government sought initially to ensure that commissioned officers came largely from the politically reliable landowning classes. However, during the course of the Napoleonic Wars it became increasingly difficult to find sufficient officers from these backgrounds and recruitment had to extend increasingly to the substantial tenantry and the commercial, manufacturing and professional classes. Consequently, the possibilities of finding forebears who held commissions increase. Whilst the records of private soldiers and non-commissioned officers can offer substantial information about them, their families and their communities, less is available for those holding commissions. In one respect officers may be initially easier to trace, since published Official Lists of Militia, Fencible and Volunteer Corps Officers, akin to the Army Lists for Regulars, were produced, giving name, rank and regiment. Beyond these one has to search the County Lieutenancy Papers and correspondence in collections of Gifts and Deposits for warrants of commissions issued by Lords Lieutenant, requests for commissions and occasional lists of officers of regiments. And aspects of their service may well be recorded in local newspapers as the regiments moved from one town to another. But on the whole these are relatively thin and fortuitous pickings as compared to what survives for other ranks. Miscellaneous Sources.

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Beyond the principal kinds of information there is an extraordinary miscellany of items of interest. The minutes of the Lieutenancy Courts provide a valuable record of their proceedings. Items such as regimental order books and letter books, clothing accounts, billeting lists, exemption certificates, the minutes of Militia Societies, the correspondence of landowners and so forth provide extensive background material and sometimes the names of individuals. For example, the Minute Book of the Stirling Militia Society contains over five hundred names of members, with their occupations and dues. Newspapers frequently carry reports of regimental movements and activities, social events involving Militia officers and local incidents in which soldiers are embroiled, and display advertisements on Militia Societies, insurance companies and recruitment. Thus, in the summer and autumn of 1797 the Glasgow Courier contains accounts of disturbances in Cadder, Campsie Balfron, Selkirk, Jedburgh and Eccles ( where the mob interrupted a meeting of the Lieutenants in Eccles church, shouting No militia! No militia! and forced them and other gentlemen to sign a paper calling for a delay in the execution of the Act); lists of appointments of officers in which various regiments are mentioned The Loyal Thurso Defensive Band, the Royal Montrose Volunteers, the North Uist Volunteers, the Saltcoats Infantry Volunteers, and so on; and regular notices of parades of the 1st Regiment of Royal Glasgow Volunteers: First Regiment of Royal Glasgow Volunteers The Corps will parade in Georges Square on Tuesday next, At half past 11 oclock in the scarlet uniform and side arms. By command of Lt. Col. Corbett.Wm. Maxwell, Adj. 1st Regt RGV.

Undoubtedly, however, the voluminous correspondence found in family papers between members of the nobility and gentry about the affairs of Fencibles, Militias and Volunteers is a remarkable source for both local17

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background

and

detail

-

letters

about

the

Militia

riots

of

1797,

recommendations on the appointment of officers, descriptions of local recruiting problems, accounts for clothing men, and so forth. Examples. Correspondence between the Earl of Rosslyn, the Magistrates and the Adjutant of the Fife Militia concerning the Adjutant's inaction during a riot when he was said to have taken to his bed. The correspondence of the Duke of Atholl and other major landowners concerning the Perthshire militia riots. The accounts for clothing of drummers of Lord Macdonald's Regiment of the Isles, where among others Chalmers Macdonald received two pairs of shoes at thirteen and sixpence, one pair of stockings at two and sixpence and one pair of pantaloons and jacket at ten and eightpence. Or, the anonymous letter sent to Earl Fife by "One of the Multitude" complaining at the Earl awarding five hundred lashes to an unfortunate private in the Invernessshire Militia, and warning him that such treatment of men might make the regiment less than zealous if they were sent to Ireland. SEARCHING THE RECORDS. When embarking upon a search for forebears and associated family and community information it is important to bear in mind that: 1. The intimate involvement of the nobility and gentry in the raising and organisation of this array of auxiliary forces, whether in official capacities such as Lords Lieutenant and their Deputies, as commanding or other officers of regiments or in their private capacities as landowners, affected the subsequent location of records, but not in a simple, systematic manner. Because many of the records could be viewed as official and dealing with county and perhaps burgh affairs they found their way into the holdings of Sheriff Courts and County and Burgh Councils. Many others, however, were retained among the private papers of estate owners. Yet others were deposited with local lawyers, and a few found their way to the Court of Session, as Productions in legal cases.18

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2. Having said that the records have found their way into many different series, they are also now held in many repositories. In those cases where they are bundled with other Sheriff Court and County Council papers, many are now held in the National Archives of Scotland. It is also possible, however, that they are to be found in local archives or reference libraries. Also, because army reforms in the latter part of the Nineteenth Century led to regiments becoming Volunteer or Militia battalions of regular regiments, some of their historical records may now be held in regimental archives, as is the case for some Ross-shire and Inverness-shire Lieutenancy/ Militia papers held at Fort George near Inverness. A similarly diverse situation exists for records which went into private collections. Some are still held by their owners but very many others have become Gifts and Deposits held in the National Archives of Scotland, National Library of Scotland, local Archives Departments, reference and university libraries. 3. Other points to note are: catalogue entries are often sparse, perhaps saying no more than "papers", and only by examining the actual records is it possible to determine their extent and relevance; searches for named individuals may be time-consuming since there are usually no nominal indexes to collections; although the general nature and locations of the great bulk of these records are known it is probable that others have yet to be found; and in the nature of the somewhat haphazard distribution of records it is always possible that those dealing with a particular county or regiment may be found in more than one collection. The situation, then, is somewhat complicated and it is therefore important to adopt fairly systematic strategies in searching for information. Several such search routes are suggested below and it may be necessary to use more than one, depending on the kinds of records one hopes to find. SEARCH ROUTES. Before beginning the search one should think about the information at hand: the likely county, parish and place of the forebear; his age (militiamen were generally between 18 and 45); any indication of a wife and children (but not19

20

necessarily their names); and any further information from later civil records or family tradition which might point to a possible connection with a regiment. Also, it is useful to find out the names of local nobility and gentry, and here Loretta Timperley's "Landownership in Scotland c. 1770", minutes of meetings of Commissioners of Supply and Statistical Accounts may be helpful. It is most important when trying to narrow down searches to the records of a particular regiment of Militias, Fencibles or Volunteers to formulate hypotheses about the territorial background of the forebear and the likely regiment in which he served. Generally speaking, where a man served in a Local Militia regiment or Volunteer Corps he would be a local man. Thus, a Sutherland man would be most likely to serve in the Sutherland Local Militia or Sutherland Volunteers. However, this may not be the case for members of Fencible or Scottish Militia Regiments. Although Fencible regiments tended to recruit from the estates of the great landowners who promoted them and from surrounding areas, the shortage of local recruits might well mean that some enlisted men came from other parts of Scotland. Similarly, the Scottish Militia Regiments contained men who had no particular county associations, often because they were substitutes drawn from the major burghs. Thus, a Glasgow man might substitute for a principal who came from a distant parish or a Fife man enlist in another county Militia. It is in these situations that there is an urgent need for nominal indexes for Scottish Militia and Fencibles Regiments so that ready access could be made to their records. However, the priority should be to search in the first instance the local and county regiments of all kinds and if that is unsuccessful it may be necessary to check regiments in other areas. Lists of the Fencible Regiments which existed in 1796 and of the Scottish Militia Regiments in the early 1800's appear at the end of this booklet. Knowledge of a forebear's civilian occupation may also help in focussing research. The majority of militiamen came from the poorer rural and urban classes; many because they could not evade enlistment or because they were substitutes. Many fencibles had similar backgrounds. However, Volunteers often came from the tenantry (especially Yeomanry Volunteers) and from among the professional, commercial and clerical classes and skilled20

21

tradesmen. And, of course, landowners, substantial tenants and members of the upper commercial and industrial classes often held officers' commissions. Consequently, occupation and social status may suggest initial searching in the records of a local Volunteer Regiment for a tenant farmer, a Scottish or local Militia Regiment for a labourer, or a List of Officers of the Militia and Volunteers for a landowner or his relatives. The National Archives of Scotland. Having considered the initial information and hypetheses outlined above, the best general search route is through the resources of the National Archives of Scotland. There are several possible starting points: a. Search the catalogues of the appropriate Sheriff Courts, County and Burgh Councils for references to "Lieutenancy" or "Militia", and occasionally records appear under the "Miscellaneous" heading. Items can then be ordered up and examined for minute books, parish lists of men liable for militia service, lists of enlisted men, regimental rolls, dependants allowances and so forth. Several Sheriff Court holdings in the National Archives of Scotland, such as Portree, Dornoch, Kirkcudbright and Linlithgow, contain Lieutenancy Minutes and/or Parish Lists. County Council and Burgh holdings can be rewarding. Since some of these records are now with local Archives one will discover that this is so and where they are to be found. b. Where the names of nobility and gentry in the area are known, then go to the Summary Catalogue to see whether their records are among the Gifts and Deposits and if they are then note the appropriate GD reference. Use that to look at the catalogue which is kept on open shelf. Increasingly, these catalogues have been put into the CLIO database and can be examined there, but this database is useful in another way, in that one can scan the whole contents by keying in "Militia", "Fencibles", "Volunteers" or "Yeomanry". Thus keying in "Militia" produces numerous references to various collections and there are many others for Fencibles and Volunteers. Lastly, not all Gifts and Deposits came directly from landed proprietors; in some cases they have come from lawyers, among others. On occasion, lawyers collections are remarkably rewarding; that for Blackwood and Smith21

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WS contains an excellent set of Lieutenancy papers, parish lists and regimental returns for Peebles-shire and Berwickshire. c. Another approach can be made through the Military Source Lists now available at the National Archives of Scotland. These list references to military material (regular and auxiliary forces) in various collections held there. The index to regiments provides a means of identifying those regiments with records in one or more private collections. Thus, there is material on the 6th. Aberdeen Regiment of North British Militia in the Leven and Melville Papers (GD.26) and in the Huntly Muniments (GD.312); on the Royal Perthshire Militia in GDs 13, 24 and 174; and the Breadalbane Fencibles appear in the papers of Campbell of Balliveolan, the Airlie Papers, the Dalguise Papers, the John MacGregor Collection, the Breadalbane Papers and others. d. If the catalogue searches suggested above are unsuccessful, then reference should be made to the index and source lists of the National Register of Archives (Scotland). These volumes are kept on open shelf in the National Archives of Scotland. The NRA(S) is a register of all the Scottish archives which have been surveyed and includes many collections which are actually held in local archives departments, central and local reference libraries, museums or still in private hands. The Index and Source List 1 identify appropriate collections and where they are held - although the Source List entry may be very sparse, perhaps no more than Militia Papers 1807-12 The NRA(S) is also held on microfiche in the NAS and once the reference number to the collection has been obtained the appropriate microfiche can be examined. The NRA(S) may indicate that the records one wishes to examine are open to inspection in a local Archives or library, but in many cases they will still be in private hands or institutional hands. In these cases it is necessary in the first instance to apply to The Registrar, National Register of Archives (Scotland), HM General Register House, Edinburgh, EH1 3YY to see the records. The Registrar will then contact the holder, who may or may not give permission, and then subsequently inform the applicant of the decision. Permission to see a privately-held collection may well be given, although in some cases a charge

22

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will be made. Lastly, it should be noted that not all collections still in private hands have been surveyed and entered in the NRA(S). The National Library of Scotland. The Department of Manuscripts and Rare Books holds many large and small collections of estate and other records, some of which, such as the Sutherland, Delvine and Airth papers, contain valuable material on Militias and Volunteers. There is a set of printed catalogues, with indexes, and various typescript indexes. Local Archives and Reference Libraries Because the county and parish communities were so closely bound up with the organisation of Fencibles, Militias and Volunteers a quite remarkable amount of records and publications has been deposited in reference libraries and archives departments throughout Scotland. Consequently, if searches in the National Archives of Scotland are unproductive then attention should be directed to the various holdings in the area of Scotland in which one is interested. Of course, the extent of local holdings varies considerably, especially where major series of documents have found their way to the National Archives of Scotland or to the National Library of Scotland. However, there are some excellent examples of locally-held records. The Ewart Library in Dumfries has Lieutenancy Minutes, Applications for Dependants Allowances, Muster Rolls and Officers Commissions. Perth District Archives has the Returns of a household census of Militia-Liable men in the Burgh of Perth, lists of men in the Militia and several Volunteer Corps in Perthshire, Receipts for Dependants Allowances and considerable miscellaneous correspondence. Elgin, Dundee and Borders Archives hold substantial records and Aberdeen University Library has Earl Fifes Papers which contain parish lists, names of Volunteers and much correspondence. But whether or not a local library or archives department holds substantial records, their other resources are invaluable books on local and regimental history, newspapers, bills and advertisements, directories and so forth. Consequently, where a forebear can be traced in a militia ballot list or in a regimental document these other resources can be used to put him and perhaps his family and his regiment into a broader context.23

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Journals. The journals and other publications of family history societies may include articles or transcribed records on auxiliary forces. For example, the Aberdeen and North East of Scotland FHS has published parish lists for Lower Deeside, while the Borders Family History Society has included parish lists in its series of booklets on parish graveyards. Also, the Journal of the Scottish Military Historical Society has relevant articles, some giving particularly interesting information on uniforms and equipment. Military and Other Museums. The Scottish United Services Museum in Edinburgh Castle and Regimental Museums in various parts of Scotland are, generally speaking, most useful for publications or memorabilia concerning auxiliary forces books, uniforms, weapons and equipment. However, documents may be held, the SUSM, for example, having such items as rolls, order books, letters and recruiting notices for some Fencible and Volunteer Corps. Other museums may have occasional items of much interest. Thus, Glasgow Art Gallery and Museum Service has a rare and fine example of a Volunteer Corps uniform The Markinch Loyal Volunteers dating from about 1800. Search Routes Outwith Scotland. Whilst this booklet is concerned with Scottish sources there are two circumstances in which it may be necessary or desirable to look further afield. Firstly, because central government in London was ultimately responsible for these forces, substantial records are now in the Public Record Office, principally in War Office series containing regimental muster and payrolls Consequently, where records in Scottish repositories on particular counties and regiments are sparse it may be important to see the PRO holdings. This involves either visiting the Public Record Office or employing a record agent who does searches there. The PRO will on request provide a list of such record agents. Secondly, some Scots served as officers or other ranks in county regiments outwith Scotland and their records will be held in the24

25

Public Record Office or County Record Offices. In these cases, it will be necessary to know in which unit they served - which is not too difficult for officers since they will appear in the indexes to Lists of Officers of Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers and their regiments can be identified. The Public Record Office has published a useful guide entitled Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 1757-1945 by William Spencer. Militia Lists and Musters 1757-1876 by J. Gibson and M. Medlycott, published by the Federation of Family History Societies, is a directory of archival holdings in the British Isles as a whole. USES OF THE RECORDS. Genealogy. Depending on the kinds of records that have survived they may be useful, even invaluable, in the following ways: a. In providing sightings of possible forebears. For example, where parish registers are defective or non-existent a known or hypothesised forebear may be noted in various of these records - Parish Lists, Enlistments, Applications for Dependants Allowances, Muster Rolls and Pay Lists. Sometimes the information given will be no more than a name and rank in a particular regiment, which is usually the case with Muster Rolls and Pay Lists. But other records, especially parish lists or lists of tenants, may also identify places and occupations . Such sightings may then provide a basis for searching other military and/or civil records. b. In giving family relationships. Some records may contain the names of wives and children, occasionally the names of other relatives or employers, and other important information such as parishes, places and ages. This information could be used in two ways. Firstly, the immediate family may be identified, perhaps confirming the connection with the known later generation. Secondly, having established that one has the right man in the records, the information on him and perhaps his family can then be used to search earlier parish registers or perhaps other records for their marriage, baptism and parentage, so working back to the previous generation. c. In giving personal details. Records may include not only information on ages, places and occupations but also in the case of other ranks a25

26

personal description of all or some of the following: height, colour of hair and eyes and type of complexion. This is exceptional information from a period when there was no photography and ordinary people could not afford paintings. Family and Community. Here the documentary and published sources can be immensely useful to family historians who are looking for information about the community in which a forebear and his family lived. a. Parish Lists and other records can be used to throw light on members of the community - neighbours and their occupations and the kinds of settlements where people lived - and by extension to local landowners, ministers and elders, schoolmasters and others. b. Having obtained this information from the records, published sources such as Statistical Accounts, books on local history and newspapers can be used to flesh out accounts of the community and perhaps the ways in which it was affected by the raising of auxiliary forces. Biographies. Where a forebear can be traced in a parish list and then enlists in the Militias, Fencibles or Volunteers the records and published sources can be used to develop a biographical account, including his background, previous occupation, personal description, family, the regiment he joined, his rank and where he served - all embellished by wider descriptions of the community from which he came and how it was affected by war, the regiment and his fellow soldiers and perhaps particular incidents in which he and his comrades were involved during their service. 4. Military History. Interest in a forebear may well develop into a wider account of the history of particular regiments. There are some regimental histories of Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers already published so it is as well in the first instance to check library catalogues. However, there is plenty of scope for further work, especially on the earlier histories of regiments. Enlistment and26

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regimental returns, applications for allowances, regimental order and letter books, clothing accounts, commissions for officers, estate correspondence and newspapers can produce information on the raising of the regiment, who the officers and men were and where they came from, where the regiment served, and much detailed information on such matters as dress, training, discipline, billeting and so forth. LISTINGS OF RECORDS. As is always the case in researching family history there is no guarantee that the appropriate records have survived to the present day. The records of some counties are much better than others. Also the general lack of nominal indexes may make searches time-consuming. However, with such a wide involvement of Scottish society in the organisation, recruitment and membership of auxiliary forces in the late Eighteenth and first quarter of the Nineteenth Century these remarkable records deserve far more attention than they have been given by family historians. The following lists of records of Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers are compiled from catalogues and source lists in the National Archives of Scotland and other archives, libraries and museums. Catalogue entries may be very brief, so it is essential to look at the actual records. An index to regiments and places can be found at the end of this booklet.

Also, it should be noted that the most recent reorganisation of Local Government in Scotland has had significant consequences for some Archives Services, affecting the designation/ location of Archives and/or their holdings. A current list of addresses is appended.

MILITIA, FENCIBLE AND VOLUNTEER RECORDS LISTED IN THE CATALOGUES OF REPOSITORIES IN SCOTLAND.

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1. LOCAL ARCHIVES DEPARTMENTS, REFERENCE LIBRARIES AND MUSEUMS. LOCATION TYPE COMMENTS Lists and statistics engrossed in Minute Books. Many hundreds of men, places and occupations Extensive range of documents including some Dependants Allowances. Also Volunteer Yeomanry records.Copies of the various Militia Acts. Records of Dumfries,Wigton and Kirkcudbrightshire.Man y Applications for Dependants' Allowances.

Argyll and Bute Council Lieutenancy Minutes for Archives. Argyll Parish Lists 1799, 1801, 1803-4. Balloted men and Appeals. Militia Quotas. Scottish Archive and Local Centre. Borders Lieutenancy Minutes for Roxburgh-shire, History Selkirkshire and Berwickshire.Parish Lists, Exemption Certificates, Officers' Commissions. Lieutenancy Minutes for Dumfriesshire. Dependants' Allowances 1809 16. Officers' Commissions, Muster Rolls and Pay Lists. Volunteers in Tinwald Parish., 1803.

Dumfries and Galloway Archives.

Aberdeen Library.

University Parish Lists for Earl Fife's estates in Moray/Banffshire in 1797 and 1798. Papers on Banffshire Volunteers 1795. Lieutenancy Papers for Extensive records. Forfarshire. Parish Lists 1797 and 1823. Quotas and District Returns. Officers' Commissions. Oaths of Militiamen in Oaths cover many Forfarshire, 1822. Angus parishes but no Correspondence physical descriptions and only about sixty28

Dundee City Archives.

Angus Archives.

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Edinburgh Archives.

City Rolls of men recorded in Edinburgh for auxiliary and regular forces 1796 1857. Parish Lists 1802. Oaths of Militiamen.Miscellaneou s material.

men The Rolls (in a bound volume) are marvellous. Thousands of men with physical descriptions Unfortunately there is no nominal index. by

Regimental Fort George.

Museum Lieutenancy Minutes for List supplied Ross- shire, 1827 Curator. 31. Returns of Ross Militia 1798 1854. Description Book 1803 1820 for Inverness Militia. Other regimental material.

Moray Council Local Lieutenancy Minutes Heritage Services. and Dependants' Allowances for Inverness Militia 1810 12. Glasgow City Archives. Lists of men in the Militia in Glasgow who applied for dependants' allowances, 1810-11 and 1813-16.Papers of the Glasgow New Militia Society 1807. Roll of Allegiance,Glasgow Sharpshooters Corps, 1803. Orkney Archives. No Scottish Militia. Oaths for 1795 Colonel Balfour's Regt. Fencibles.

A splendid resource containing exceptional detail, and best of all, there is a Militia database indexed by name for hundreds of men and their families. Roll of Allegiance contains nearly 500 signatures.

Extensive material on for Fencibles and Volunteers. of Inverness-shire Fencibles In Baillie of Dunain Papers.

Highland Archive.

Council Lieutenancy Minutes for Ross, Cromarty and Nairn. Lists of conscripts to Ross-shire Militia 1803.Garrison Order29

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Book of Ross-shire Militia 1813-14. Records of Nairnshire Volunteers 1798, 1808. Records of InvernessShire Fencibles. Clan Donald Centre, Armadale, Skye. Various papers from Lord Macdonald's Estate dealing with the Regiment of The Isles. Excellent material for the burgh and county parishes of Perthshire. Very good for regimental and parish records of Dependants' Allowances for various Militia and Volunteer units.

Perth and Kinross Household returns of Council Archive. Men liable for Militia for the Burgh of Perth. Applications,vouchers, receipts and accounts of monies paid to dependants of men in the Perthshire Militia,1800,1803,180 9,1821 Correspondence, Lieutenancy Minutes, etc. for Kinross-shire, 18031917. Clothing Allowance Book, Kinross-shire Yeomanry Cavalry, 1817-28. Records of Royal Strathearn Volunteers,Atholl Volunteer Light Infantry and Breadalbane Volunteers. Stirling Archives Services. Council Militia Society for the Parish of Stirling (names and occupations of subscribers and names of substitutes)30

Some Lieutenancy Minutes with a few names/parishes of militiamen,1816-20,are in the Murray of

31

Copy of 1802 Militia Polmaise Papers. Act. Officers' Minute Book of Loyal Stirling Volunteers. Shetland Archives. Shetland No Scottish Militia. Has typescript of D. Rollos The Story of the Orkney and Shetland Volunteers and Territorials, 1793 1957.

Falkirk Archives.

Council Some papers in Forbes Material on 1797 Militia of Callendar Collection. Act disturbances. Stirlingshire.

Kintyre Antiquarian Return of Men from Society, Argyle who had joined Campbeltown. the 1st.North British Militia 1799. Blair Castle Blair Atholl. Archive, Correspondence on militia ballots, Perthshire. Roxburgh Yeomanry Quartermaster's Accounts, 1795, 1799, 1831. Register of Men and Horses of the Roxburgh and SelkirkshireLightDra goons, 1794-99. Enrolment List of Hawick Association of Infantry, 1799. Militia Correspondence and papers for Fencibles,1795, Argyllshire.

Hawick Museum (Hawick and Jedburgh Collections).

Inverary Castle Archive.

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Perth Museum.

Minutes of the Tibbermuir Militia Society,1805-31. Diary of Thomas Muire of Perth on movements, etc. of Perthshire Militia, 1798-1801. Forfarshire Payroll, 1803. Militia

Montrose Museum.

Renfrew Paisley.

Library, Orderly Book of the Royal Paisley Volunteer Corps, 1798-1801. Muster Rolls, Returns and Accounts,1804-36, for the Kirkcudbright Gentlemen and Yeomanry Cavalry.

Stewartry Museum, Kirkcudbright.

Hornel Kirkcudbright.

library, Account Book of Pay and Subsistence,1809-12, for Kirkcudbright Militia. Nominal Roll, Stirlingshire Militia, 1798-1800. Regtl. Order Book, 1801-4. Officers and N.C.Os. Order Book gives dayto-day Account of Regiment.

Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders Museum, Stirling.

University Andrews Library.

of

St. Muster Rolls 1794- Loyal Tay Fencible 1801, and Regiment records on Order Book, 1800-02, microfilm. Loyal Tay Fencible Regiment. Muster Roll, 1797-99, East District, Fife Volunteer Infantry.

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Mitchell Glasgow. Ms. 70. Stirling Library.

Library, Parish Lists, Cadder Lanarkshire. Parish, 1813,14. Reference List of the Loyal List has names, Stirling occupations, Volunteers, 1800 -04. places and heights. Forms part of a long article on the Corps in the Stirling Roll of the East St. Antiquary,Vol. 3, 1904. Ninians Company of the Names, places and Bannockburn occupations of men and Volunteers, 1803. general information, in the Stirling Antiquary, Vol. 5, 1906.

National Trust for Militia Liable Lists for Names, parishes, some Scotland, Lower Settlements. Lists have Drum Castle Archives. Deeside, 1798. been transcribed by David Walker and published by the Aberdeen and North East Family History Society.

2. The National Archives of Scotland. COLLECTION REF. RECORDS COMMENTS

GD247 Brodie, Papers of the Dalkeith Cuthbert Volunteers 1800-1 And Watson WS papers GD13 Campbell of Balliveolan Papers. GD1/395 Riddell Ardnamurchan and Sunart. GD112 Breadalbane Muniments. Return of Recruits to the Reay Fencibles,1801. Regtl. Letter Books of of 1st. Argyll Local Militia, 1809-11. Records of Extensive material on Breadalbane Perthshire and parts of Fencibles and lists of Argyllshire.

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tenants on the Earl of Breadalbanes Estates, 1793-99. Paylists and Returns of Argyllshire Volunteers 1807-8. GD174 McLaine Papers. of Muster Roll of Major Mull Lochbuy McLaine's Co. 5th. Fencible Regt. Lists of Highlanders in Argyle Regt. 1794. List of Militia-Liables for Torosay (and Unfit) Men on Lochbuy estate 1790's , and Volunteers for a Company at Ballimeanach, 1820. Insurance taken out by Lochbuy Tenants. Rolls, returns and papers for Loyal Tay Fencibles,1796-8. Monthly returns of the 5th.Regt.of Scots Militia, (Fifeshire) 1802. Bundles of papers for Royal Lanark Militia and other counties, 1797-1813. Various Volunteer Units. List of subscribers in parish of Holywood, Dumfriesshire, against being drawn for militia - 50 names. List of men liable for militia34

GD26 Leven and Melville Muniments.

Extensive collection of papers on County Militia Regiments. Mostly War Office correspondence, orders and statistical returns. Papers of Loyal Tay Fencibles contain muster rolls for 1796. Also, interesting record of a general court martial.

GD1/136 Misc.Accessions.

GD1//49 Kirkness Papers.

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in parish of Portmoak, Kinross,1820. GD219 Murray Murraythwaite. Officer's Commission of for John Murray, Younger , of Tundergarth, in theDumfries-shire Local Militia. List of Officers, Men From printed Court of and Session Productions. Recruits, Dumfriesshire Fencible Cavalry, 1794-98. Paymaster's Journals of From printed Court of Aberdeen Fencibles, Session Productions. 1795 1800. Nominal Roll of men in Fraserburgh Regiment of Militia, 1808. From printed CS.Productions Gives names, dates of enrolment,age, height,place of birth, former service, place of residence, occupation.

CS229/Misc.15/5.

CS237/Misc.12/1.

CS232/Misc. 17/6.

GD18 Clerk of Penicuick.

Accounts, paybills, returns and letters relating to 2nd. Regt. Midlothian Local Militia.1813-20. ItemsE.Lothian Volunteer Militia, Dunbar Volunteer Infantry, East Lothian Yeomanry and Haddington Volunteer Militia.

GD302 East Antiquarian Naturalists' Papers.

LieutenancyMinutes,18 Lothian 10,21.Muster rolls and and Field papers for militias, Society yeomanry and Volunteers,1797-1838, East Lothian

GD44 Gordon Muniments.

Papers of the History of the Castle Northern Fencibles, Northern Fencibles, 1776-1817. Papers on H.B.Mackintosh. the Militia and on the Militia Club. Volunteers35

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in Aberdeen1794-1811. GD224 Buccleuch Muniments.

shire,

GD21 Cuninghame of Thorntoun Papers.

Militia, Fencibles and Volunteer papers, inc. South Fencible Regt.,Edinburgh Regt. of Militia, Edinburgh County Militia, Dumfries Militia, 1788-1879. 1st.FencibleLightDra goons,1794-1800. Musselburgh Volunteers, 1797-8.

Extensive records,including Enrolment Book for 10th.NB Militia, 1798-1802, and an 1809 Description Book of the Edinburgh Regt. of Militia giving name,age,size,place of birth of soldiers, wives and children. Other papers on Pay and recruiting lists Volunteers and in Stirlingshire and correspondence for Dumfries. Prince of Wales Own Fencible A substantial collection. Regiment, 1798-9. Includes a return of Paylists, women returns and and children of the correspondence, PWOFR, Ayrshire 1801. Volunteers,1803-6. Enrolments, etc.for 1st.Regt. Fencible Highlanders and Inverness and Strathspey Militia and Volunteers, 1794-8. Musters for 1st.Fencibles, 179398. Cromdale Volunteers and Grantown/Strathspe y Volunteer Company. Muster roll36

GD248 Seafield Papers.

See H.B.Mackintosh's book, The Grant, Strathspey or 1st. Highland Regt. of Fencibles. This contains returns of officers and other ranks, with annotations on conduct and previous/future service.

GD1/400

of

Reay

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D.Murray Rose Papers. GD16 Airlie Muniments.

Fencibles,1795. Paylists and muster Panmure rolls, 1793-1824 for items not 1st. Bn. dated. Breadalbane Fencibles. Names of Panmure tenants likely to join the Yeomanry. List of Airlie Troop. Papers 2nd.Regiment North BritishMilitia, 1797-1800, and 1st.Ross-shire Local Militia,17991865. Wigtonshire Local Militia Rolls and Papers, 1808-16. Lists of officers and men, and an officers commission issued by Earl of Galloway. List of Dalguise tenants and cottars, 1798. Regimental List for "my regiment", 1817. Enrolment Certificates of Loyal Clandonachie Volunteers, 1804. 1793 List of Officers of the Breadalbane Fencibles. Muster rolls of Midlothian Yeomanry Cavalry,1798-1807. Returns of Officers of the Fifeshire Regt. of Militia, 1802-22. Militia Returned to owner in 1992. and Airlie

GD46 Seaforth Muniments.

Includes a list of the men of Ross aged 15-60 balloted as militiamen, 1797-1800. Set of Acts of Parliament relating to Local Militias 1807 13 and interesting collection of War Office instructions on the new Local Militias.

GD38 Dalguise Muniments.

GD150 Morton Muniments.

GD35 Kincardine Dundas of Ochtertyre Papers, Papers. 1799-1803.37

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GD293 Lieutenancy Papers, Blackwood and Smith muster rollsfor W.S. PeeblesMilitia,1799, 1800, 1803, 1806, 1812-14, 1819-22, 1825-31. Parish Lists 1813. Muster Rolls and Pay Lists for Selkirkshire Yeomanry Cavalry, 1809-13, Tweedale Volunteers, 17991800, and Peeblesshire Yeomanry Cavalry. GD136 Sinclair Papers. of Papers of Freswick Freswick and Dunbeath Volunteers, 1800-18, and Rothesay and Caithness Fencibles. of Return of the Atholl Lude Volunteers, 1801. Papers of Clandonachy Volunteers, 1807-10.

An excellent collection of records for Peeblesshire. Also contains substantial records for Berwickshire and Selkirkshire.

GD132 Robertson Papers.

GD128 Fraser Papers.

Muster Roll of a Mackintosh Company of the Culloden Bn. of Volunteer Infantry, 1807. Papers on Invernessshire Volunteers, 17971807. of Muster Roll of Carnell volunteers transferred to Captain Somerville's Company of Ayrshire Militia. Pay Lists of Buteshire38

GD228 Findlay Papers.

GD240

39

Bruce and Kerr W.S. GD126 Balfour-Melville Papers. GD58. Company. Carron

Regt.of Local Militia, 1809-12. Muster Books of the Royal FifeshireYeomanryCa valry, 1820-38. Subscribers proposed Corps Artillery, 1803. 400 employees of the to Carron Company with of ages and occupations Stirlingshire. May

GD45 Dalhousie Muniments.

Return of men, women Not examined. and have children in the military militiamen. settlements in Perth, Richmond and Lanark, 1822. Parish Lochbroom, 1826-27. Lists, Ross-shire

GD305 Cromartie Muniments. GD152 Hamilton Bruce Papers. B56 North Berwick Burgh. SC24 Cromarty.

Members of the Stratheden Troop of Yeomanry,1838. Muster Roll of North Berwick Volunteers, 1801. Parish Lists for Cromarty, Resolis and Kilmuir, Co.Cromarty,1814,18 20-21, 1825-26, 1828 and 1831. Militia Enrolment Lists for County of Cromarty, 1809 - 91. List of men 17-55 in Dalmeny,West Lothian, 1803.Militia Enrolment Lists for Queensferry, Bathgate and Linlithgow, 181639 See also, SC41/96/1 which has over 300 family allowances recorded in Linlithgow, 1809-15, most for theBerwickshire Militia.

B48 Linlithgow Burgh.

40

20. Receipts for Family Allowances. Parish List for Livingston, 1808. SC47 Forfarshire. Parish Listsfor Includes a n.d. list for Forfarshire, Dundee. 1799,1801,1807,181623. Militia Enrolment Lists for Clackmannanshire, 1801-14. Family allowances 1808-13. Mixed Parish and Enrolment Lists, Kirkcudbrightshire, 1802-31.Several Muster Rolls for Kirkcudbrightshire Volunteer Infantry. Various records concerning Liables, recruits, families and misc. items. An excellent collection with hundreds of names in parish lists and ordinary and local militia enrolments. As well as name, place and occupation there are a considerable number of personal descriptions.

SC64 Clackmannanshire.

SC16 Kirkcudbrightshire.

SC33 Stornoway. SC9 Sutherland.

Militia Enrolment Lists, 1833-57. Lewis. Militia Enrolment and Substantial records. Parish Lists, etc. 17981831, Sutherland Records of Payments to Wives and Children in Midlothian, 1803-15. Gives names of wives, and children, with names regiments, number of sometimes and ages.

E 327

SC29 Inverness. GD345 Monymusk Papers.

Applications for Family Inverness-shire. Allowances, 1805. Papers on Volunteers Aberdeenshire. on the Monymusk Estate.

40

41

JC26

Account of Militia Riots Justiciary Court papers. in Braemar,1798 Parish Lists for Skye, Give considerable 1810-20. detail, including reasons for many exemptions. Particularly valuable returns because of the later start of some of the parish registers. Militia musters, Enrolments in Turriff, Ellon, Garioch and New Machar, Volunteer Lists, Assessment Book for Militia Families,1790's, 1803-10, 13. Lieutenancy Minute Books, 1827-31 List for Parish of Old Machar, 1828. Lieutenancy Books, 17971831,Forfarshire.Reco rds of Militia Names, 1823-29. Lieutenancy Letter Books, 1800-02, 1828-41. Lieutenancy Minute Book for Dumbarton,Bonhill, Cardross and Kilmaronock 1816-37. Lieutenancy Books and Nominal 1797-1831,41

SC.32 Portree Sheriff Court.

CO6 Aberdeenshire.

Substantial records, some including occupations, places and other information. Also, Order Book of the Aberdeen Volunteers, 1745 1803.

B1 Aberdeen Burgh.

CO10 Forfarshire.

CO11 Dunbartonshire.

CO7 East Lothian.

Minute Rolls, East

42

Lothian. Ex.CS231/Misc./2 Loyal From Printed BerwickshireFencible Productions. Rangers Ledgers,Clothing, Expenses and Allowances, 1795-6. Papers on Caithness Forse Militia, 1790's-1815. List of recruits to Caithness Legion. Lists of Mertoun Volunteers, Berwickshire, 1803. Bounty Book,1793, Cameronian Volunteers From Printed Productions. CS CS

GD139 Sutherland Papers.

of

GD157 Scott of Harden.

CS40/5/25

CS236/C.13/1

Clothing Account. From Printed Recruits, Productions. 1798-1801,Princess Charlotte of Wales' Loyal McLeod Fencible Regt. Militia Papers, 16931807, Dunbartonshire. Letters and Papers about Militias and Volunteers, 1794, 18001815,Caithness.

CS

GD156 Lord Elphinstone. GD96 Sinclair of Mey Papers.

GD5 Bertram of Nisbet. GD23 Bught Papers.

Papers on Lanarkshire Include records of pay Fencible Cavalry, and subsistence of 1794-1800. men. Lieutenancy Minute Parish Lists for Book for mainland and isles of Inverness-shire, Inverness-shire. 70042

43

1797-1801. Return of Invernessshire men in Argyllshire Militia, 1800.

names,with places and occupations and some employers or fathers. 150 Argyllshire Militiamen, names, dates of attestation.

GD188 Guthrie of Guthrie.

Militia papers - returns for Forfarshire and Lanarkshire, 1794-1816. Papers on Ayrshire Cavalry, 1794, and Maybole Volunteers, 17971803.

GD25 Ailsa Muniments.

GD47 Ross Muniments.

Papers on Militia, 1798- Includes a list of Estates 1808. persons in the parish of Drymen liable for Militia service, and lists of Volunteers. Papers on Yeomanry and Volunteers in Perthshire and various regiments in Fife, 1805-7. Papers and letters on Includes lists of officers MacGregor the raising of the Breadalbane Fencibles, 1793-6 Papers on Royal and Aberdeenshire Volunteers, 1795-1828. Account Argyllshire 1813. A few entries of Book, men/women Militia, concerning maintenance payments occupations

GD24 Abercairney Muniments.

GD50 John Collection.

GD57 Messrs Reid. GD51

Burnett

SC54

List of Militia Society Names,43

44

members in parish of and places of 200 men. Inverary. RH4/171/63,64 (CH2/1209/9) Accounts for Militia In Kirk Session records. Families Leuchars, Fife, 180913. List of persons in parish Prepared of French Larbert, Invasion. Stirlingshire, 1803. in case of

RH1/2/781

3. THE NATIONAL LIBRARY OF SCOTLAND Ms.10896 List of Militia Liables, 1803, List of Volunteers in Airth Parish, 1803, Local Militia papers for East Stirlingshire. Letter Book of Royal Aberdeen Volunteers, 1795-1802. Muster Roll for 1799. Correspondence on arms, uniforms and commissions. Papers and Lanarkshire correspondence concerning Cambuslang Volunteers, 1819-27. Muster Roll of Company of Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, ca.1813. Account Book, Elgin Raised by Earl of Elgin, Fencibles, 1794-5. Fife. Notebook concerning Deals with service of Midlothian Fencible regiment in Ireland Cavalry Regiment, during the Great 1797-99. Rebellion.44

Many names, occupations and places. Good background material.

Ms.9363

Ms.8206

Ms.5407

Ms.5110

Ms.5750

45

Ms.2693

Minutes of the Eastwood Militia Society, 1810-31. Order Book of the Montrose Volunteers, 1799-1810. Papers on the Perthshire Fencible Cavalry, 1794-8, Royal Perthshire Local Militia, 1809-18, Perthshire Volunteers,1803-8. Papers on Royal Sir Walter Scott was Midlothian Secretary and Yeomanry Cavalry. Quartermaster of the Royal Edinburgh Volunteer Light Dragoons which became the Royal Midlothian Yeomanry Cavalry. Correspondence of Stirlingshire Yeomanry Cavalry, 1799-1833. Order Book of the Fife Regiment of Militia, 1811-13. List, with signatures, of Volunteer Militia in Perthshire,1798. Papers concerning Militia Fund in Kincardine Parish,1799-1803. Return of 2nd Regiment of Paisley Volunteer Infantry, 1804.45

Mss.10688-9

Mss.1501-4

Ms. 872

Mss.3186-9

Ms.9364

Acc.7371

Acc.10719

Acc.7205

46

Dep.313

Sutherland Local Militia lists, 1813, returns of Sutherland Fencibles, 1794-5, papers of Sutherland Volunteers, 1809, Lists of officers. Letters, papers and accounts of The Caithness Fencibles, 1795-1818.

A very good collection with Some 6-700 names of fencible and militiamen, some with physical descriptions, for Sutherland parishes.

Acc.9872

4. THE NATIONAL REGISTER OF ARCHIVES (SCOTLAND) ( Where it is noted that records have been transferred subsequently from private hands to public archives or libraries there is a note in the COMMENTS column) COLLECTION REF. 38 Cochran-Patrick of Ladyland RECORDS COMMENTS

Yeomanry Papers 1795- Ladyland in Ayrshire 1853. Papers of Lochwinnoch Volunteers, 17991801. Subscriptions to a Volunteer Force 1797 Aberdeen County Militia Papers 18/19th.Century Duffus 1802-15 Volunteers Elginshire of Inverness-shire Includes a muster roll of and Accounts.

61 Farquharson of Invercauld Muniments

65 Dunbar of Northfield 102 Grant of Rothiemurchus

Papers Rothiemurchus Company Strathspey Volunteers 1801-7

232 Kinnoull Writs

PerthshireYeomanry Papers 1798-180846

47

271 Messrs Lidderdale and Gillespie

Kirkcudbrightshire Militia Regiment 1816 Accounts and Copy Letters of Renfrewshire Yeomanry Papers 1794-7 Ross-shire Papers 1821-42 Perthshire Papers 1809-15 Militia

276 Fleming Barachan 312 Castle Fraser

338 Drummond-Hay of Seggieden 439 Tweedale MSS

Militia Perth and Archives.

Kinross

Militia Papers, Scottish Borders. Recruitment, National Library of Lists of Men,etc. Scotland. Renfrewshire Glasgow City Archives. Yeomanry Papers, 1820-1861.Also for Greenock and Port Glasgow, 1824-26. Militia Paybook 1801 Elginshire

1847 Ardgowan Estate Papers

770 Brodie of Brodie

771 MacPherson-Grant Parish Lists for Insch of and Ballindalloch Kingussie,1798.Baden och men enlisted for internal defence, 1794. 776 Muniments Mansfield Papers of Clackmannanshire Militia 1803-5 Paylist and Return of Perth Museum. the Glenalmond Volunteers 1802

805 Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth

47

48

888 Hopetoun Papers

Papers on Berwickshire Militia, 1816-19 and Linlithgowshire Militia, 1808-32 Muster Rolls of the Abercorn Company of the Royal Linlithgowshire Volunteers 1805-8 Lists of Kinross-shire Light Dragoons 181727 Return of West Hamilton Lowland Library. Fencibles, 1796 Returns of 3rd. Corps of Royal Lanarkshire Militia,1798-99 East Lothian Militia Papers, 1783-1820. Dunbar Bn. of Volunteers,1800-19 District

1522 Campbell of Glenorchy 3438 Duke of Hamilton

3503 Tyninghame Papers, Earl of Haddington, also 104

852 Hunter Hunterston

of Accounts/vouchers n.d. List,Lochwinnoch Company, Renfrewshire Yeomanry.

and

174 Robertson-Aikman Papers of the Royal of Lanarkshire the Ross. Militia,1813-54 97 Messrs A.Graham. A.J. & Papers of the National Library Cambuslang Scotland (Stuart Yeomanry, 1824-26. Castlemilk). Account Book 1803-16, Berwickshire Militia. of Volunteer48

of of

114 Earl of Home 78 Dunbar

Infantry Elginshire

49

Pitgaveney 3535 Stewart Shambellie

Letter Book 1804-19 of Accounts and Dumfriesshire. Alphabetical Dumfries and Galloway Roll of Militia (Capt. Archives. Stewart's Company), 1795-6 All late 18th.Century. Also correspondence on militia riot in Blairgowrie and threats to schoolmaster.

2614 Sir William Paylists, lists of eligible Macpherson men of Cluny and Blairgowrie and volunteers in Blairgowrie and other Parishes, 1798. Paylists, Belmont and North Strathmore Brigade of RoyalPerthshire Volunteers. Roll of Men of Blairgowrie Company of Strathmore/ Stormont Bn. Perthshire Volunteer Infantry. Parish list for Kinloch parish, 1797. 2720 Hay of Duns Berwickshire Yeomanry Papers with Returns, 1804. Roll of Men agreed to serve in Berwickshire Yeomanry, 1831.

1318 Earl of Kintore

Lists of Volunteers and Aberdeen Returns of Mearns Library. Volunteers,17941803.Return of NCOs, Forfarshire and Kincardineshire Militia, 1803. Cashbook/Ledger, Carse of Gowrie Light Infantry49

University

1335 Rossie Priory (Lord Kinnaird)

50

Volunteers, 1803-4 1398 Graham Hunter Foundation - Forfar Lists for Parishes of Barry, Kirkden, Abirlot, Panbride, Rescobie and Monifieth, 1797. Papers on Angus Fencible Regiment, 1795-1801. Returns, payrolls and papers, Lanarkshire Militia, 1798-1809. Correspondence on Militia Riots in 1797, also on recruitment, training, etc. of Militia.

2177

Scottish Militia Regiments and Colonels in 1798 These have "North British" in their full titles. 1st. Argyle, Inverness Bute, Dumbarton, John Campbell Lord Seaforth Duke of Hamilton

2nd. Caithness, Cromarty, Moray, Ross, Nairn, Sutherland 3rd. Lanark

4th. Dumfries, Kikcudbright, Lord Dalkeith Roxburgh, Peebles, Selkirk, Wigtown 5th. Clackmannan, Fife, Stirling 6th. Aberdeen, Banff 7th. Ayr, Renfrew 8th. Forfar, Kincardine 9th. Perth 10th. Edinburgh, Lothians Berwick Kinross, Duke of Montrose Lord Aboyne Lord Glasgow Lord Douglas Duke of Atholl and Duke of Buccleuch

50

51

Scottish Militia Regiments in 1808 Aberdeenshire Argyllshire and Bute Ayrshire Earl of Aboyne John Campbell David Hunter Blair

Berwick, Haddington, Linlithgow and Peebles-shire Earl of Home Dumfries, Roxburgh and Selkirkshire Edinburgh Fife Forfar and Kincardineshire Inverness, Banff, Elgin and Nairnshire Kirkcudbright and Wigtonshire Lanarkshire Perthshire Renfrewshire Ross, Caithness, Sutherland and Cromarty Stirling, Dunbarton, Clackmannan and Kinross-shire List of Fencible Regiments in 1796. Argyll Fencibles Selkirkshire Cavalry Breadalbane Fencibles Clan Alpine Fencibles Dunbarton Fencibles Cavalry Elgin Fencibles Fraser Fencibles Regt. (Ayrshire) Glengarry Fencibles Gordon Fencibles Grant, or Strathspey Fencibles Cavalry51

Earl of Dalkeith Duke of Buccleuch Thomas Durham Hon. Archibald Douglas Francis William Grant J. Dalrymple Hay Marquis of Douglas Earl of Mansfield James Dunlop Lord Seaforth Duke of Montrose

Roxburgh and Ayrshire Cavalry Dumfriesshire Cavalry Lanark and Dunbarton Midlothian Cavalry Princess Royals Own Berwickshire Cavalry Fifeshire Cavalry East & West Lothian

52

Inverness-shire Fencibles Fencibles Lochaber Fencibles Macleod Fencibles Orkney and Shetland Fencibles Fencibles Perthshire Fencibles Reay Fencibles Regiment of the Isles,or MacDonald Fencibles Ross-shire Fencibles Wales(Aberdeen Highlanders) Rothesay and Caithness Fencibles Fencibles Sutherland Fencibles West Lothian Fencibles

West Lowland Southern Fencibles Angus Fencibles Dunbartonshire Fifeshire Fencibles Angusshire Fencibles Loyal Tay Fencibles Princess of North Lowland Caithness Legion

Some Suggestions for Reading and Reference. These books and pamphlets are to be found in various libraries and museums. Scottish United Services Museum Library in Edinburgh Castle has some interesting material containing illustrations of uniforms and equipment of Militias, Fencibles and Volunteers. A View of the Establishment of the Royal Edinburgh Volunteers, 1795. n.d. Bulloch, J. M., Territorial Soldiering in the North East of Scotland during 1759-1814, 1914, New Spalding Club. The Raising of the Aberdeen Militia 1797, 1915, Keith (Privately Printed) The Beginning of the Banffshire Volunteers, 1915. The Contribution of the Town of Aberdeen to Volunteer Defence 1794 1808. 1915. (Also contains Banffshire Volunteers) Colley, L., Britons - Forging the Nation 1707-1837, 1992, Pimlico. ( see Chap. 7. on Manpower which contains much interesting material on Volunteers) DAsti, A., Military Observations Addressed to The Royal Edinburgh, Leith and Other52

53

Volunteers. 1797, Edinburgh. Dudgeon, R.C., History of the Edinburgh or Queens Regt. Light Infantry Militia, 1882. Firebrace, J. and Rawlings, A., His Majestys Fraser Fencible Regiment of Foot 1794 1802. Fortescue, J.W., The County Lieutenancies and the Army 1803-1814, 1909. Fraser, J. The Orkney Fencibles 1793 1797. 1931, Printed in The Orcadian Office, Kirkwall. Gibson, J. and Medlycott, M., Militia Lists and Musters 1757-1876, 1990, Federation of Family History Societies. History of the Highland Rifle Militia, n.d. Innes, J., History of the Aberdeenshire Militia, 1884. Instructions for Training and Exercising the Local Militia, 1809, HMSO. Lists of Officers of Militia, Fencibles and Volunteers. Official Lists for 1793-1816. Logue, K.J., Popular Disturbances in Scotland, 1780-1815, 1979, John Donald. Mackay, J., The Reay Fencibles 1794 1802, 1890, Glasgow. Mackintosh, H.B., The Grant, Strathspey or First Highland Fencible Regiment 179399, 1934, James D. Yeadon, Elgin. McLaren, A., The Scottish Volunteers A Musical Farce in Two Acts. 1795, Paisley. McNaughton, D., The Elgin Fencibles 1794-1802, 1998, Dunfermline Carnegie Trust. Middleton, A. H., Records of the Stirlingshire Militia, 1904, Stirling. Pakenham, T. The Year of Liberty the story of the great Irish Rebellion of 1798, Hodder and Stoughton, 1969. ( contains mentions of Scottish Fencibles)

53

54

Prebble, J., Mutiny Highland Regiments in Revolt 1743-1804, 1977, Penguin Books. Scobie, I.H. Mackay, Notes on the Sutherland Fencibles Corps, 1927. Notes on the Volunteers and Local Militia of Sutherland 1797-1816, n.d. Notes on the Breadalbane Fencible Highland Regiment 1793 1802. The Story of the Fraser Fencibles 1794 1802. The Princess Charlotte of Wales or Loyal Macleod Fencibles 1798 1802. The Regiment of The Isles or Macdonald Fencibles 1798 1802. 1927. An Old Highland Fencible Corps History of the Reay Fencible Highland Regiment of Foot 1794 1802. 1914, Blackwood & Sons. Scottish Record Office, Military Source Lists - A Guide to Military Records in the Scottish Record Office. (Note that these source lists deal only with military material in the NAS's holdings) Sinclair, D. The History of the Aberdeen Volunteers, 1907, Aberdeen Daily Journal Office. Spencer, William, Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 17571945, 1997, PRO. Standing Orders of the 51st or Edinburgh Regt. Of Militia, issued by the Earl of Ancrum In 1812. Stewart, David, Sketches of the character, manners and present state of the Highlanders of Scotland with details of the military service of the Highland regiments. 1977, John Donald, Edinburgh (Scottish Reprint Library) The Hawick Military Association Volunteers 1798 1802. N.d. or 1st Company of Hawick

54

55

Tullibardine, Marchioness of, A Military History of Perthshire 1660-1902, Vol. 1., 1