the decision model for aircraft stand allocation · t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 flight 1 is delayed...
TRANSCRIPT
What do we knowabout Schiphol?
Passengers
Transfers
Flights
Fright
Handlers
Finance
Safety
Remote handling
On time performance
Slots
Runway
Noise
Layout
Strategy: close gap between strategy and executionRelationship between policy & strategy, management & tactics and operation & execution.
Strategy: rule based approach for traffic managementLess rules,
simple rules,
small units,
data driven,
agent based control mechanism,
optimize flow,
goal variable.
landelijke regelaanpak.nl
From C18 to C08From C08 to C05From C05 to D1
Is a gate change an optimization or a disruption?
50-100 gate changes per day 1 hour before arrival.
GATE PLANNING
1
3
5
Day ahead planning
The day ahead plan: same agents (same color tone) in adjacent ramp, airlines (same color) after each other, optimal turn over factor, maximal
separation time.
7
9
11
Agent A
Agent B
Agent C
NO IDEAL PLAN?1
3
5
Flight 1 Flight 2
Flight 3
Flight 5Flight 4
day-ahead planning
t1 t2 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9t3
The day-ahead planning: Everything has a place...
++1
3
5
Flight 1
Flight 2
Flight 3
Flight 5
Flight 4
On-Day planning T3 – Gate Change Flight 2 and 5
t1 t2 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9t3
Gate modification to avoid risk of waiting flight 2.
++1
3
5
Flight 1 Flight 2
Flight 3
Flight 5Flight 4
On-day planning t2
t1 t2 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9t3
Flight 1 is delayed on departure.
++1
3
5
Flight 1
Flight 2
Flight 4
On-Day Planning T5 – Gate Change Flight 2, 3 and 5
t1 t2 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9t3
Flight 1 is delayed on departure.
-- Flight 5
++ Flight 3
1
3
5
Flight 2
Flight 3
On-day planning t6 – evaluatie
t6 t7 t8 t9
Flight 1 is delayed on departure.
-- Flight 5
1 change
2 changes
2 changes
++
--++1
3
5
Flight 1
Flight 2
Flight 3
Flight 5
Flight 4
On-day planning t4
t1 t2 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9t3
Flight 1 is delayed on departure .
Planned work
Which aircraft stand is assigned to flight?
Regulation Aircraft Stand Allocation
Schiphol
A. Should a flight be assigned to a gate?
B. Which gates may accommodate the flight?
Flight type (K, W, unknown)
AAS opstelplaatsentabe
l maatgeving
Aircraft category / type
C. Which gates are mandatory for flight?
D. Which gate or platform is agreed with airline?
Accountmanager airline
Destination
Origin
Flight STA
Airline
# dep. pax
E. Which gate has minimal distance to
transfer gates?Which aircraft stands are available for flight?
# transfer. pax
Distance between gates / floorplan
Clearing time + Seperation time
Lijst met bolletjes landen
F. Which gate will avoid the risk on future delays? Gate planners
Categorie tabel vliegtuig type
Flight number
G. Which gate is closest to gates handled by the
same agent?Handling agent
Relevant criterium not in GMS
Decision / sub decision
Human knowledge source
Formal knowledge source (document or policy)
Criteria for decision
Schengen, EU, NEU
Dependency is a result of implementation decision in GMS
tow
DECISION MODELaircraft stand assignment
day ahead planning
DECISION MODEL
aircraft stand update (on day planning)
Based on October / November 2017 - data extracted from CISS
Should the aircraft stand allocation be changed for
a flight
B. Assigned gate can accommodate the flight?
H. Assigned gate for arriving flight is available
on EIBT?
I. Is the time between flights too short or overlaps?
C. Assigned gates is mandatory for flight?
New flight registration
New EIBT
New TOBT
New flight for gate
Planned work
AAS opstelplaatsentabe
l maatgeving
Categorie tabel vliegtuig type
Lijst met bolletjes landen
Schengen, EU, NEU
Clearing time + seperation time
0.3%
62%
17%
?#
Percentage of flights that update the aircraft to a larger aircraft on the day of operations
Percentage of flights that update the EIBT on the day of operation and may disturb the plan.
Percentage of flights that update the TOBT on the day of operation and may disturb the plan
Percentage of flights that change gate due to another flight scheduled on the gate
Category
Length Wid
th
Rushhour
Season Min
utes
Rushhour
Season Min
utes
DECISION MODEL
New aircraft stand(on day planning)
J. Option to include pit stop?
Handler has tow capacity
Bus planning has bus capacity
Apron control has taxi capacity
How to solve a capacity problem for an aircraft
stand allocation ?
M. Option to switch flight of adjacent ramps
O. Option to use bus gate
L. There is a holding position to wait for the
assigned gate
K. Option to create a tow?
N. Option at other pier
Promote outbound
Decrease inbound
Reroute
Handling agent may reach and handle at the
new ramp.
Objective: on time performance
Estimated flight timemargin margin
On time departure from Heathrow Early arrival at Schiphol
On time arrival from HeathrowDelayed departure from Heathrow
Exceptional long flight time
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
All parties allow for some flexibility in the plan, consequently, the scheduled and actual times are never the same by design.
What does on time performance mean?
Estimated flight timemargin margin
On time departure from Heathrow Early arrival at Schiphol
On time arrival from HeathrowDelayed departure from Heathrow
Exceptional long flight time
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
All parties allow for some flexibility in the plan, consequently, the scheduled and actual times are never the same by design.
Less margins
More capacity
Increase trust
Share data
The gate that is for a departing flight must have a waiting area capacity that is at_least the number of departing passengers ofthe flight.
Strategy: rules approach
# Status Rule Condition Location 1 Cost dep pax>= 201 in D41 2 Cost dep pax>= 201 in E02 3 Cost dep pax>=275 in D43, D47 4 Cost dep pax>= 300 in F08
Strategy: decision model
Planned work
B. Which ramps may accommodate a flight?
Flight type (K, W, unknown)
AAS opstelplaatsentabe
l maatgeving
Aircraft category / type
Airline# dep. pax
Categorie tabel vliegtuig type
tow
Strategy: deal with disruptions
Terminal capacity
Ground capacity
Air capacity
Air capacity, ground capacity and terminal capacity are related
Strategy: capacity communication framework
capacity class / situation
flexible saturation congestion gridlock
The capacity class for an asset is a real time indicator that shows how the usage of the capacity may influence on time performance.
Be radical transparent and adapt rules to minimize the consequence of disruptions when capacity is optimal used.
motto
Is there one solution?
Reroute traffic by a gate change
Promote outbound
traffic by towing
Decrease inbound traffic
by holding
Gate capacity Air capacityHolding capacity Pier capacity Security capacity Pick up point capacityApron capacity
The capacity of different stakeholders in the chain is related and may all be the bottleneck at some point in time.
Measure capacity usage on links in the network
seperation time threshold / ramp situation
> 20 min > 10 min > 2 min < -2 min
lowest delay alternative / pier situation
> 1 = 0 = -1 < -2
alternatives / aircraft stand allocation situation
> 1 > 0 = 0 < 0
holding time / holding position situation
> 2 > 0 = 0 < 0
The ramp situation is a capacity class for an occupied ramp based on the expected separation time with the following flight.
The pier situation is a capacity class for a pier based on the lowest number of alternative gates in the pier for the next planned flight allocation at each gate
The aircraft stand allocation situation is a capacity class for an aircraft stand allocation based on the number of alternative gates available for the flight.
The holding position situation is a capacity class for Schiphol that indicates the total holding time of all aircrafts standing at a holding position.
Example of capacity classes for different kinds of assets
Keep it simple
Decision logic for a service request based on actual capacity situation
Capacity
class:Flexible Saturation Congestion Grid lock
Promote
outbound?- Request Request Request
Limit
inbound?- - Request Request
Reroute? - - - Request
Be radical transparent and adapt rules to minimize the consequence of disruptions when capacity is optimal used.
Small steps
Policy document is updated
RASAS
Regulation for AircraftStandAllocationSchiphol
https://www.schiphol.nl/en/operations/page/aircraft-process/
Less proza, less pages
Follows the structure of the decision model
Seperate chapter for day ahead decisions and
handling disruptions
All guidelines expressed as constraints
More decision tables
Example document for all other plan processes.
Small steps
Policy document is updated
RASAS
Regulation for AircraftStandAllocationSchiphol
https://www.schiphol.nl/en/operations/page/aircraft-process/