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Gandhian Studies Centre

T Che andhian hronicleG

Quarterly April 2007 Issue : 4

K. Dhivya, I B.Sc., CS

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It all started with a bang when the Congress session at Lahore voted for complete independence -. It was a landmark in the history of the Congress when January 26, 1930 was proposed as

Independence Day. There were magnificent demonstrations that day and the enthusiasm of the people couldhardly be kept in leash. On January 30, in the columns of Gandhi put forward eleven pointsincluding demand for protective tariff on foreign cloth, total prohibition and reduction of land revenue andmilitary expenditure. He next launched the third all India campaign relating to salt tax.

The salt was a unique phenomenon in the political life of Gandhi. He chose a very smallarticle used for human consumption. The tax on salt though nominal, was the issue taken up at an all Indialevel along with other issues, which have deep linkage with the second Civil Disobedience Movement,1930-34. The British exercised a monopoly on the production and sale of salt. Yet this was an essentialingredient, required by the poor as much as the rich. The tax on locally produced salt was 240 paise on amound, which cost only 10 paise to produce. That is, the taxation rate was 2400%. The salt law alsoprohibited private individuals from producing salt from sea water. Gandhi informed Irwin, the Viceroy, thathe intended to break the salt laws. He wrote: “I regard this tax on salt to be the most iniquitous of all from thepoor man’s standpoint. As the Independence movement is essentially for the poorest in the land, thebeginning will be made with this evil”. The Viceroy promptly wrote back expressing that violations of thelaw will endanger public peace.

At this, Gandhi gave the signal for the 241-miles (385 km) march by foot from the SabarmatiAshram toDandi on the Arabian sea coast. He set out on March 12, with seventy- eight of his followers and disciples.All along the way, he addressed innocent villagers whom he apprised of the salt tax, efficacy ofneed of spinning and and above all, their efforts for the achievement of independence for India. Witheach passing day an increasing number of people joined Gandhi on the March. It is said that the roads werewatered, and fresh flowers and green leaves strewn on the path; and as the walked, they did soto the tune of one of Gandhi’s favourite , , sung by the greatHindustani vocalist, Pandit Paluskar.

After 25 days, on April 6 , early in the morning the marchers arrived at Dandi. Short prayers wereoffered, Gandhi addressed the crowd and at 8.30 a.m. he picked up a little lump of natural salt left by thewaves on the beach. Gandhi had now broken the law; Sarojini Naidu his close friend and associate, shouted:

“Hail, Deliverer!” No sooner had Gandhi violated the law, everywhere othersfollowed suit. Within one week the jails were full and subsequently Gandhi himselfwas arrested on May 5, 1930.

Nehru has written of this historical event thus: “Staff in hand he goes along thedusty roads of Gujarat, clear- eyed and firm of step with his faithful band trudgingalong behind him…The fire of a great resolve is in him and surpassing love of hismiserable countrymen. And love of truth that searches and love of freedom thatinspires... None can escape the spell… for the goal is the independence of India andthe ending of the exploitation of her millions”.

And this dramatic tale took place seventy - seven long years ago…..

PurnaSwaraj

‘Young India’

SatyagrahaSatyagraha

Swadeshi,khadi

Satyagrahisbhajans ‘Raghupati Raghava Raja Ram’

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- Mrs.S.Arunmozhi, Co-ordinator, Gandhian Studies Centre

UNFURLING THE DANDI TALEEditorial . . . . . . .

“My last message to India is that she will find hersalvation through non-violence and through non-violence alone. India will contribute to the salvationof the world.” - M.K.Gandhi

When we members on the editorial team sat at thedesk to pen the editorial we chanced to come across apaper cutting of a news item in dated29.01.07. To quote from what Ms. Sonia Gandhi saidin it : “It is not a question of going back to MahatmaGandhi as much as it is of going forward with him.This is not as simple as it sounds. While he fascinatesand enchants, we have to admit that it is difficult toemulate him. It is easy to make him an icon. Butinfinitely more exacting to make him our beacon. Hedid not provide us with final answers, he wanted us tofind and make our own experiments with truth. It isfor the young men and women to take the Gandhiantorch forward and take initiative and leadership in thatdirection.”

Since our stream of thought progressed on thesevery same lines we have ventured to present this

of the Gandhian chronicle, offering aconcentrate of Gandhian Philosophy in a nutshell aswell as reflecting it against few possible angles. Thecover story is on the ‘Dandi March’as the chronicle isto be brought out and distributed to the collegecommunity on the anniversary day of themost spectacular event in the freedom struggle.Numerous events that crowded in Gandhi’s life inIndia from 1915 to 1948 had to be crammed toconclude the last episode of Gandhi’s life. It is with asigh of relief and a sense of satisfaction that someattempt has been made to spread a great man’smessage that we put our pens down...

We acknowledge with thanks the variouswebsites and authors of innumerable books that wereferred to produce the printed matter in all the fourissues of the Gandhian Chronicle. We are also highlygrateful to the UGC for the financial assistancerendered.

‘The Hindu’

finalissue

April 6 ,

P.S. :

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- Editors

NEWS RE-CAP-“HISTORY ALIVE”

1. The year 2005 marked the 75 anniversary ofthe Dandi Yatra. To commemorate the great SaltMarch, ‘ he Mahatma Gandhi Foundation’, Indiaproposed the re-enactment on 12 March 2005. It wasalso known as ‘The International Walk for Peace,Justice and Freedom.’ Mahatma Gandhi’s greatgrandson Tushar Gandhi, internationals from 11countries including China and New Zealand andseveral hundred Indians including Ms.Sonia Gandhiand nearly half of the Indian Cabinet undertook towalk a few kilometers. A series of commemorativestamps were also issued by the Indian Government on

April 2005 on the 75 anniversary of the Dandi SaltMarch.

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2. TheAll- India Congress Committee organized a 2-day Conference at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi on 29-30January, 2007 to celebrate the centenary of the

Congress President Ms. Sonia Gandhi in heraddress said: “In the era of globalization, sustainableeconomic growth had to be all inclusive like Gandhiji’s

or ‘the rise of all’, development withoutthreatening ecological security and planetary survival.The challenge lies in finding a creative inspiration andevolving a appropriate to the present dayneeds.”

Satyagraha.

sarvodaya

Satyagraha

Cover StoryCover Story

(Courtesy : The Hindu Dt. 29.01.07)

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- Sonia Gandhi

THE ALPHA FROM THE OMEGA

On January 30 , 1948, Gandhiji woke up at

3.30 PM after his afternoon nap. Then, he met

Sardar Patel at 4 0’clock. He left for the prayer

meeting at 5 0’ clock, to be held on the lawns of

Birla House in New Delhi. He was accompanied

by his grand-neices Manu andAbha.Ayoung man

walked briskly towards him as though to seek

blessings, shot three continuous shots at Mahatma

at point blank range. Gandhi seemed to utter the

words “Hey Ram.” He was no more. He had been

shot by a Hindu – a man named Nathuram Godse.

This brutal deed shocked the nation. Gandhiji,

the saintly man had given up his life for the unity

of the Indian Community. It

was the beginning, Alpha,

of immortal Gandhism from

t h e e n d , O m e g a , o f

Gandhis’mortal body.

Gandhi, the Mahatma,

lives in our hearts!

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- S. Seethalakshmi,

.I B.Com (E.Com )

The Mahatma Lies in State

The mammoth procession

Rajghat Memorial

THE DAY WHEN TRUTH CRIEDMahatma Gandhi is the Father of our Nation. He

fought for our freedom struggle and we got

independence on 15 August, 1947. Now we are

enjoying the fruits of that great event.

January 30 is the day of Mahatma Gandhi’s

assassination by a man moved by misdirected ambition.

It took place 59 years ago at 17:13 hrs (11.48 GMT) on

30 January, 1948. Gandhi’s violent death shocked the

world. From then, year after year, we rise up together in

different lands and perhaps answer the 3 gunshots. On

January 28 two days before his death Gandhi said:

“If I am to die by the bullets of a mad man, I must do

so smiling, God must be in my heart and on my lips and

if anything happens, you are not to shed a single tear.”

The fundamental principles behind his political and

spiritual drive were the principles of (non-

violence) and (truth). Gandhi motivated

the nation and led her towards independence and he

procured for us a prosperous India. We the people of our

country exploit it in many ways. We should speak up

and act together across the world to reject violence in its

many forms. We should raise our voice for women’s

rights and against child labour, etc.

No more will Gandhi take another birth to change

and make our country into a new one with non-violence,

peace, love, truth, joy and women’s empowerment.

Every one of us must follow Gandhi’s principles and

live accordingly to build one such India. As our

president said “Our country will

become the richest,

p r o s p e r o u s a n d

wealthiest country by

2010 itself. We may

not have to wait upto

2020.”

JAI HIND

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Ahimsa

Satyagraha

Dr.APJAbdul Kalam

- C.Ramya &

K.Banuradha,

III Bsc Maths

Editorial BoardDr. (Mrs.) N. Yesodha Devi,Mrs.Ramanarayanan,Mrs.S. Arunmozhi,Mrs. J. Vaseegari,Mrs. R. Sumathi,Dr. V. Sangeetha, rMs. S. Geetha,Ms. P. Hemalatha,

:Principal

Research Co-ordinatorHead, Dept. of History

Lecturer in ZoologyLecturer in EnglishLecture in English

II M.Sc, Mic.BiotechI B.Com (E.Com.)

In Appreciation….….. of Second & Third Issues

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The Dec ’06 issue has been brought out verywell with rare photos of the life and time ofMahatma, his thought and practices relevant toour present day life. My hearty appreciation to the editorialteam for its valuable contribution in disseminating Gandhianideology to the younger generation. Well done. Keep it up.

Dtd : 6.2.0 Chairman,Sakthi Group of Compaines

I congratulate you on the publication of the GandhianChronicle. It is a piece of information that speaks of thephilosophy and teachings of our great leader Gandhi.You mustcontinue to publish such precious hand-outs.

Dtd : 13.2.07 Director of Centrefor Gandhian Studies Nagaland Uni

I felt very much moved to see the photograph of MotherKasturba who breathed her last in Aga Khan Palace on22.02.1944. In subsequent issues if possible you can publishthe photographs of institutions connected with Gandhiji…..

Dtd: 08.3.07Dept of Modern History, M.K. Uni.

In the last issue and in the present the border of the innerpages with photo illustration are informative. I appreciate thearticles on Thillaiyadi Valliammai and Kasturba Gandhi andon Education for its clear narration. Corner of the magazine isalso enriched with information like Gandhis’11 vows, GandhiMuseums, Ashrams and Feature Film. Appreciation to thecompilers. Young minds’ impression expressed colourfully inthe drawing. Editorial Board doing their work effectively.

Dtd.12.03.2007 Director of Centreof Gandhian Studies, Alagappa Uni

In today’s world, where sensational news and money-making media reports fill the columns, it is a treat to read amagazine based on the message in the life of a great leader. Thechronicle is more special as the contributions are from variousdisciplines and the information is also presented in variedliterary forms. It is an effective means to spread the idea,voiced by Gandhi himself: “We must be the change we wish tosee.” Kudos and congratulations to the team whose dedicationis reflected in every printed word!

Dtd. 20.3.07 Alumni (1993-‘96),Proj. Man., Oracle Con., Bangalore.

7 Dr. N.Mahalingam,

Prof.A.Lanu Ao,, .

Prof. Dr. P.B.Gopalakrishnan

Dr.V.S.S Kannan,.

Mrs.K.Uma,

In Appreciation….

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Gandhian thoughts : THE GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY

“Gandhi was not an intellectual in the academic sense of the term. He was not a scholar or a philosopher. Yet the unity that runs through his concrete schemes andplans, make Gandhi’s programmes a single whole. It makes of it a complete system of philosophy with its distinct ideology”. -Acharya J.B. Kripalani

The philosophy of Gandhi forms the alpha and the omega of life. It is neither traditional nor modern, but ageless. The Gandhian philosophy is based on wisdomand in the perception of spirituality. Gandhi proved and established himself as a great modern philosopher by assimilating in his philosophy the significant elementsof ancient Indian thought from the teaching of the the and the Gandhi’s philosophy covers a wide range of doctrines such as:

1. : Faith and reason form the basis of God, making religion both conventional and scientific. It admits an intellectual and practical activity. God’sexistence solves the puzzles of life, removes misery, sustains man in life and acts as a solace in death. God’spresence should be felt by man within himself. God is not a person; he is the living force, the essence of life, isthe eternal mysterious power, the changeless, the Light, the conscience and is the ethics and moralitytranscending speech and reason. “If we are, God is and if God is not, we are not. Search of Truth is search for God.Truth is God and God is, because Truth is…” was what Gandhi said.

2. Gandhi believed that the Supreme Soul which is one, appears as many individual souls,like the many rays from the single sun. The individual soul has to free itself from the bonds of flesh, hence Man isdivine and attains salvation through this.

3 Albert Schweitzer has said “ He who sacrifices his life to achieve any purpose for anindividual or for humanity is practicing life-affirmation”. Gandhiji offered his own wants to bring substantialchanges in the world for the welfare of all. He stressed on selfless services in every field of life.

Gandhi is universally known not only as an ethico-religious leader but also as a socio-economic and politicalgenius. To him the ‘Law of life’is the ‘Law of Truth-Satya’.Attachment of truth can be discovered as complete orabsolute freedom. The synonymous words, which refer to freedom, are

salvation and self-realization. Gandhi’s scheme of freedom as elucidated in the may berepresented as: 1. True - Spiritual and moral freedom 2. - Political freedom

3. - Economic freedom 4. - Social freedomor non-violence is the fundamental moral virtue which ought to be practiced at all time by all men.

is the unification of or truth and or non-violence that form the two main principlesof Gandhism.

Scientific knowledge if misused by power politics would endanger existence of man on the planet. But ifcombined with spiritual freedom will bring peace on earth and good will among mankind establishing a peacefulsociety- Gandhian philosophy stands firmly for a normal civilization and aims at ametaria. It showsthe way out of the present day crisis and provides the basis of hope for mankind. Gandhi is the link between all thepast and all the future revolutions of India. Since Gandhian thoughts are based on eternal verities, its influence isalso timeless and universal. Man or woman, young or old, let us all etch Gandhism in our lives.

Doctrine of God

Doctrine of Soul:

.Doctrine of World:

Isopanisad Bhagavad-Gita Yogasudras

mokasa, apavarga, nirvana, kaivailya,nirodha,

Swaraj SatyagrahaSwadeshi Sarvodaya

AhimsaSathyagraha Sathya Ahimsa

Sarvodaya .

, .

‘Hind Swaraj’

Mrs. J. Vaseegari,- Dept. of Zoology

Gandhian thoughts :

Salt

UNITED WE STAND…“If love persists even on the part of one community, unity will become a

settled part in our national life.” - M.K.Gandhi

The Mahatma never wished India to be divided. He had the realizationthat his great task for the achievement of would remain unfulfilled unlesshe sought the support of each and every community in India. He became apioneer to seek Hindu-Muslim unity by raising the slogan of secularism in all hispolitical programmes under the banner of the Indian National Congress. Thus heplanned to mobilise a huge population of all communities for the national cause for which he launchedan incessant non-violent for more than three decades.

The means Gandhi adopted to achieve Hindu-Muslim unity were pure and simple. He alwayscondemned clashes, riots and ill-will among communities. He was much critical of murder, loot andarson. The only way to avenge murder is to offer oneself as a willing sacrifice, with no desire forrealization; revenge or compensation can never restore peace to or uplift society, he said.

Remaining non-violent does not mean remaining passive. In his helplessness Gandhiji duringthe time of clashes resorted to fasting and prayer. Fasting had been to him a penance, purification andreparation.

Gandhi said, Hindu-Muslim unity is not worth a day’s purchase if it does not prefer theinterests of smaller communities to its own. Christians and Jews are not foreigners, nor are Parsis. Oneshould go out of his way to be friendly to them and to serve and help them, above all to protect themfrom harm, from ourselves, he said.

The creed of non-violence requires people not to retaliate. Tolerance, goodwill and controlover the rowdy element can work wonders in establishing unity which is a lasting friendship basedupon delicate regard of one another’s views and habits.Assumption of superiority by any person overthe other is a sin against God and man. Thus caste distinctions in states, is an evil; untouchability agrievous crime. Faith in ourselves and in the ultimate goodness of human nature will establish unity.Divided we fall and unity is strength. Realising this we all must cultivate a charitable dispositiontowards one another and live peacefully in this our home and motherland.

Swaraj

Satyagraha

- , I B.Com (E.Com)P.Hemalatha

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Life of Gandhi :

When Gandhi left South Africa for good and returned to India in January 1914 he said “ It was a joy to get back to the homeland after so many years of exile.”Staying at of Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, he spent his first year in India studying the country with “his ears open but his mouth shut.”

In May 1915, Gandhiji led his first successful campaign fighting for the rights of the indigo planters at Champaran, a district in Bihar. This enhanced hisreputation and in 1918, he was called to fight for the rights of the textile mill workers of Ahmedabad. Here for the first time he introduced a method of arbitration-fasting.Asettlement was reached after 21 days’strike.

It was the Rowlatt Bill with its denial of civil liberties, which finally brought Gandhi into active Indian politics. From 1919 to his death in 1948, he occupied thecentre of the Indian stage and was the hero of the freedom struggle that ended in independent India.

Gandhiji’s idea of or national observance of protest by closing of shops and places of business was surprisingly observed all over India but it ended inviolence with the killing of a police officer by the mob. Gandhiji undertook fast for three days as penance. On the very same day, April 13,1919, General Dyerordered the massacre of unarmed, peaceful citizens attending a meeting in Jallianwala Bagh atAmritsar when1200 people died and 3600 were wounded. This ‘BlackDay’marked a turning point in the Indian Freedom struggle.

In November, 1919 at a Muslim Conference held in Delhi Gandhiji first advocated non-cooperation with the BritishGovernment. In 1920 as President of the All-India Home Rule League, he dominated the political scene. He re-created thecongress, turning talking politicians into active revolutionists who wore white homespun cloth. The concept of mergedthe intelligentsia with the masses that set the wheels of social and moral regeneration turning. Gandhi’s magic madeinnumerable Indians suspend and renounce their work to spread the message of non-violent non-cooperation and to defy thesatanic British Government with courage and self-sacrifice. Bonfires of foreign cloth, hum of spinning wheels and marches onstreets of both men and women were common sights. Through speeches and articles published in his two weeklies,and Gandhiji ignited the spark of freedom in his countrymen. Thousands of people went to prison.

Mob violence in Chauri Chaura in February, 1922 froze the freedom campaign temporarily. Gandhiji undertook fast, wasarrested and sentenced to six years’ simple imprisonment. For the next five years Gandhi withdrew from politics seemingly anddevoted himself to the propagation of social and economic freedom of his people such as Hindu-Muslim unity, removal ofuntouchability , equality of women, popularization of hand-spinning, reconstruction of village economy etc.

On his release, finding the congress divided, he set to unite the group and on January 26,1930 the session declaredas the goal.

On March 12,1930 Gandhi undertook the Dandi March. It was followed by a nation-wide defiance of the law and manythousands including Gandhi were arrested. Through this, the British imperialism suffered a moral defeat. After his release inJanuary, 1931 Gandhiji signed the historic Gandhi-Irwin pact, which also ended the Civil Disobedience or Non-Cooperation on amass scale. On August 29, Gandhi sailed for London to attend the Second Round Table Conference. He returned empty-handedand a week later was arrested and locked up inYervada Jail without trial.

In 1932, Gandhiji ‘fasted unto death’ protesting for rights of the untouchables. In 1933 he founded the All India Village Industries Association. In 1940 helaunched an individual civil disobedience campaign. In 1942 the congress passed the “Quit India” resolution – the final nation wide campaign. Gandhijiwas imprisoned for the last time atAga Khan Palace where his wife Kasturba, 74, died on February 22, 1944. Gandhiji had spent 2338 days in jail during his lifetime.In 1946, at the age of 77, Gandhiji toured 49 villages in East Bengal and Bihar to quell communal rioting and lessen Hindu-Muslim tensions.

Gandhiji opposed the division of the country into India and Pakistan during talks with Lord Mountbatten and Jinnah, but the Partition came about and India wasgranted Independence. Riots broke out. Gandhiji prayed, fasted, and travelled to restore peace.

But the hysteria caught on and continued until the sudden end when on January 30,1948, while going to a prayer meeting in Delhi, Gandhiji was shot dead by aHindu fanatic Vinayak Nathuram Godse. Thus ended the life of the greatest apostle of peace that the world had ever seen.

But our ‘Mahatma’, and our ‘Father’cannot die, for he lives in his achievements and in us, who are his true heirs!

Shantivan Ashram

hartal

,

swaraj

Young IndiaNavjivan

SampoornaSwaraj

Satyagraha

- Dept. of Zoology.Mrs. J. Vaseegari,

Life of Gandhi : FINAL EPISODE : THE MAHATMA

K. DhivyaI B.Sc., CS

He Lives..- in Us..

1. Dr. Rabindranath Tagore on GandhiLegends talk of a LegendLegends talk of a Legend

“I think very highly of Gandhi. He is a great man –a great soul. The secret of Gandhi’s success, lies in his dynamic spiritual strength and incessantself sacrifice. Many public men make sacrifices for selfish reasons. It is a sort of investment that yields handsome dividends. Gandhi is altogetherdifferent. He is unique in his nobility. His very life is another name for sacrifice. He is sacrifice itself. He covets no power, no position, no wealth,no name and no fame. Offer him the throne of all India, he will refuse to sit on it but will sell the jewels and distribute the money among the needy.Give him all the money America possesses and he will certainly refuse to accept it, unless to be given away for a worthy cause for the uplift of ahumanity. His soul is perpetually anxious to give and he expects absolutely nothing in return – not even thanks. This is no exaggeration, for Iknow him well. He came to our school at Bolpur and lived with us for some time. His power of sacrifice became all the more irresistible, because itis wedded with his paramount fearlessness. Emperors and maharajas, guns and bayonets, imprisonments and tortures, insults and injuries, even

death itself, can never daunt the spirit of Gandhi. His is a liberated soul. If any one strangles me, I shall be crying for help, but if Gandhi werestrangled, I am sure he would not cry. He may laugh at his strangler; and if he has to die, he will die smiling. His simplicity of life is child like; his

adherence to truth is unflinching; his love for mankind is positive and aggressive. He has what is known as the Christ spirit. The longer I know him, thebetter I like him. It is needless for me to say that this great man is destined to play a prominent part in moulding the future of the world”.

“And then Gandhi came. He was like a powerful current of fresh air that made us stretch ourselves and take deep breaths; like a beam of lightthat pierced the darkness and removed the scales from our eyes, like a whirlwind that upset many things, but most of all the working of people’sminds. He seemed to emerge from the millions of India, speaking their language and incessantly drawing attention to their appaling condition. Getoff the backs of these peasants and workers, he told us, all you who live by their exploitation, get rid of the system that produces this poverty andmisery... The essence of his teaching was fearlessness and truth, and action allied to these, always keeping the welfare of the masses in view. Thegreatest gift for an individual or a nation, so we had been told in our ancient books, was (fearlessness)... It was against this all pervadingfear that Gandhi’s quest and determined voice was raised... Gandhi was an odd kind of pacifist, for he was an activist full of dynamic energy. Therewas no submission in him to fate or anything that he considered evil; he was full of resistance, though this was peaceful and courteous... He hasbeen a demon of energy and action, a man who not only drives himself but drives others. He has done more than anyone I know to fight and changethe quietism of the Indian people... His conception of religion had nothing to do with any dogma or custom or ritual. It was basically concerned withhis firm belief in the moral law which he calls the law of truth or love... He is always beginning with himself and his words and actions fit into eachother like a glove on the hand... He set about to restore the spiritual unity of the people and to break the barrier between the small westernized group at the top and themasses, to discover the living elements in the old roots and to build upon them, to waken these masses out of their stupor and static condition and make themdynamic. In his single track and yet many-sided nature the dominating impression that one gathered was his identification with the masse s a community spirit withthem, an amazing sense of unity with the dispossessed and poverty - stricken, not only of India but of the world.”

abhaya

,

- Dept. of MathematicsMrs. Geetha Mukund,

2. Jawaharlal Nehru on Gandhi

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TRIBUTES TO GANDHI – Few Excerpts

� Just an old man in a loin cloth in distant India.Yet when he died, humanity wept. - Louis Fischer

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Mahatma Gandhi will go down in history on a par with Buddha and Jesus Christ

Seldom has human history recorded of one individual who was at once a warrior, a prophet and a saint and yet

humble and intensely human. It is this quality of all- embracing human warmth which stands out in his character.

We must foll w the path shown by Mahatma Gandhi. He came to Delhi with a specific mission, either to do

or die. He did a lot and in the end he laid down his life for what he wished to do. Let us now accomplish the

sacred task that has been left undone by him.

Delhi has become the centre and sanctuary of the great revolutionary who emancipated his enslave country from

foreign bondage and gave it to its freedom and its flag.

No one could die a more glorious death than Mahatma Gandhi…. He did not die in the bed calling for hot water,

doctors or nurses….. He died standing, not even sitting down…. When Socrates died for his views and Christ for

his faith, they believed that they would not get another example like that….

…. In ages to come, centuries and many millenniums after us, people will think of this generation when this man

of God trod the earth and will think of us who, however small, could also follow his path and probably tread on that

holy ground where his feet had been. Let us be worthy of him. Let us always be so.

. - Earl Mountbatten

- G.D.Birla

- Jayaprakash Narayan

- Mrs. Sarojini Naidu

- C.Rajagopalachari

- Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

o

Compiled by :- Research Co-ordinatorMrs.Ramanarayanan,

Gandhi’s AssociatesMany persons had the privilege of being

in close association with Gandhi, one of thegreatest men in the history of mankind. Ashort profile of two such men is presentedhere.

was anIndian independence activistand nationalist writer, mostfamously known for being thepersonal secretary of MahatmaGandhi. Mahadev was the

brilliant son of a poor but cultured teacherwho lived in the village Saras, in Suratdistrict of Gujarat. On completing B.Adegree, Desai opted for LLB(Legal LawBachelor). The clarion call from Gandhiwas irresistible and Mahadev with his wifeDurgabehn joined the Sabarmati Ashram.This was the beginning of a relationshipdestined to last for a quarter of a century.He merged himself with his master.Mahadev was a living embodiment of allGandhian values. He wrote fifty books thatinclude translations, biographies anddiaries. He also wrote articles for

andGandhi’s words, “Remaining the disciple,Mahadev became my guru. I visit hissamadhi to remember and emulate hisworthy example” is a befitting tribute to asimple yet great man.

wasthe first disciple of Gandhi andthe grandson of Gandhi’suncle. Maganlal s tar tedworking on the Phoenixsettlement from 1904. Hemoulded and attuned his life to the patternof Gandhi’s. It was he who suggested theword or ‘passive resistance’from which was born.Untouchability was a very severe trial forhim but he wavered for only one briefmoment and gave way. He learnt weaving,spinning, carding, ginning also printingdairying, tanning etc. on the farm. Thethree streams – knowledge, devotion andaction continuously flowed withinMaganlal and by offering his knowledgeand his devotion in the of action, hedemonstrated before everyone their trueform. Maganlal was described by Gandhias, “Afine, honest man and a best comrade,dearer to him than his own sons”. He diedof typhoid at Patna in 1928.

The other noteworthy associates ofGandhiji are Mirabehn, Acharya Vinoba,Badshah khan, Manuben Gandhi,J.C.Kumarappa, Hermann Kallenbach,Sushila Nayar and BabaAmte.

MAHADEV DESAI (1892-1942)

YoungIndia, Navjivan Harijanbandhu.

‘Sadagrah’Satyagraha

Yajna

MAGANLAL GANDHI

- Dr.V.Sangeetha, Dept.of English