the day of the dead: reflections/installations

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Three altars by local artists Patty Dike Haag, Carolyn Stephens, and Ruben Trejo in the Jundt Galleries of the Jundt Art Museum of Gonzaga University in Spokane, WA from October 26 to December 14, 2001. Essay by Barbara Loste, with translation by Stefania Nedderman, Martha Gonzales, and Allan Englekirk.

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Page 1: The Day of the Dead: Reflections/Installations
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THE DAY OFTHE DEAD: REFlECTIONS/INSTAllATIONS

La Catrina-Jose Guadalupe Posada's smiling female skeleton wearing a plumed hat-has long been theunofficial icon of Mexico's El Dte de los Muertos, The Day of the Dead. Unlike the Mona Lisa, however, whosesubtle smile is shrouded in mystery, la Catrina smirks openly and defiantly. Mexican writer and poet Octavio Pazsuggests that her irreverent attitude reflects the spirit of a people "defined and illuminated by an intimate relationshipwith death." El Die de los Muertos, he notes, oscillates between a fiesta and a wake, a shout and a prayer.

Mexico, whose culture is rich in both native and European references, has developed its own traditionssurrounding the Catholic observances of All Saints and All Souls. These feasts, observed on November 1 and2, commemorate the faithful departed, saints and sinners, and by their affirmation of afterlife have given rise tothe popular belief that the dead return to earth on these two days. In a time-honored Mexican tradition, ofrend as(offerings placed on altars) are set up on October 31 in homes and public spaces to guide and honor the deadduring their return journey. Traditional ofrend as, a fusion of indigenous and post-conquest religious observances,feature sugar skulls, marigolds, bone-shaped bread, white candles, photos of the deceased, and their favoritefood and drink. On the night of November 2, in rituals that vary from region to region, families gather at ancestralgrave sites for all-night celebrations where tombs serve as banquet tables.

Less orthodox expressions of El Die de los Muertos abound in the guise of humorous calaveras, toy skeletonsdressed as humans who peek their way into otherwise commonplace settings-weddings, taverns, bedrooms,offices-uncovering human failings and foibles. Decidedly irreverent, the calaveras mock class and rankdifferences since death, the great equalizer, is the guest of honor.

Et Die de los Muertos, steeped in history and cultural identity, is a multilayered and highly adaptable ritual. Itis no surprise, then, that it has been mined by Chicano and Mexican-American artists for decades. Silkscreenprinters, muralists, and-mixed media artists incorporated calaveras in their art work for decades, often usingthem as flagrant symbols of cultural pride. In galleries and museums across the country, Chicano artists haveconstructed conceptual altars, blending religious ofrend as with compelling secular testimony. Perhaps it isinevitable that Anglos would also borrow from and adopt aspects of a powerful tradition that blurs the linesbetween ritual and art, actor and audience.

In this exhibition at the Jundt Art Museum director and curator J. Scott Patnode brings together three Spokaneartists who are also teachers of art-coming from distinct Mexican-American and Anglo cultural orientations-torevisit, participate in, and evolve with this ongoing, mutating genre: Patty Dike Haag, Carolyn Stephens, andRuben Trejo.

Patty Dike Haag, a recent recipient of a prestigious Washington State Artist Trust GAP grant, has taught non-Western art, painting, and design at Spokane Falls Community College for over two decades. Haag studied artat the University of North Dakota, at Emily Carr in Vancouver, Canada, and received an MA in art education fromEastern Washington University. In this exhibition, Haag is significantly informed by research on Ei Dte de losMuertos celebrations in Oaxaca, Mexico. But she also incorporates elements of other world cultures, as disparateas Tibetan and Midwestern U.S. "I was raised in Minnesota and North Dakota, in severe landscapes, amongminimalist Scandinavian people where every word counts," she recalls. In response to these influences, shewrites, "I used to practice the 'more is better' method, thinking that more brushstrokes, more color, and moreobjects would be visually stimulating and add to the work. Instead, the overabundance became a beautifuldistraction." Haag's altar provides space for reflection, she explains, "It is a metaphor for how I want to live mylife, in balance, letting go, yet staying connected, in a cycle of endings and new beginnings."

Carolyn Stephens was born Carolina Borsato to Italian immigrant parents in British Columbia, Canada. Shestudied art at Whitman College and holds an MA in studio art with a college teaching emphasis from EasternWashington University. Stephens has taught art history and drawing at Spokane Falls Community College forover 20 years, during which she was awarded a Fulbright fellowship to study art and culture in Michoacan,Mexico. On a later trip to Oaxaca, Mexico, to research the Day of the Dead, Stephens witnessed the "fluid spacebetween life and death and the welcoming of returning souls, enticed by offerings on elaborate altars. The ritualswere not so much about theater, but more about ordinary people living their lives." Stephen's work here isinspired by her mother Leonora's ongoing struggle with Alzheimer's disease. "Hers is a world in which a newperson is emerging even as she is losing parts of herself that can never be recaptured." Stephens reflects on thechallenge of this exhibition, "Artists who teach make art with the weight of art history on our backs. In thisinstallation I venture into new territory that tries to capture the ebb and flow of life while respecting the weight ofcultural history:'

Ruben Trejo, an internationally acclaimed sculptor and mixed media-artist, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota,

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into a migrant worker family from Michoacan, Mexico. "My family's history is one of economic survival," saysTrejo. "I was born in a box car on the CB&Q Railroad where my father worked for 38 years. My cultural baggageembraces the magic that holds a people together as they go back and forth to Mexico: the tears, the love, themysticism." Trejo earned a BA and MFA in art from the University of Minnesota and taught art at St. Theresa'sCollege in Winona, Minnesota. He has been on the faculty of Eastern Washington University in Cheney,

Washington, for 28 years where heteaches sculpture and humanities. Trejohas exhibited throughout the UnitedStates, as well as in Canada, Chile, andMexico. His 1997 mixed-media pieceCodex for the 21st Century, purchasedby the Smithsonian Institution, is featuredin the book Arte Latino: Treasures fromthe Smithsonian Museum of American Art(Yorba, 2001). Trejo's installation titledAmor que mata unfolds responses andreflections in the aftermath of the tragicevents of September 11 of this year.

El Die de los Muertos: Reflexioneslinstalaciones can be visited on manylevels. It is, of course, an invitation toexperience an ongoing Mexican/Mexican-American tradition. On another level,however, the exhibition is an inquiry intothe inner landscapes of three artists whoborrow from and rework a tradition that isno longer geographically or religiouslybound. Like Posada and other artistsbefore them, Patty Dike Haag, CarolynStephens, and Ruben Trejo reflect uponthe universal process of life and death,so that we as viewers can join them onour own personal journey.

Barbara Loste

Barbara Loste is an educator and curatorwho has studied and worked in MexicoCity for many years. She is a graduate ofthe Doctoral program in LeadershipStudies, Gonzaga University.

Covers: Skull, unknown Mexican artist, c.1980s. Painted papier-rnache, 9"x 7"x 11", private collection.

Skeleton Bird Vendor, unknown Mexican artist, c.1980s. Painted papier-rnache, wire, wood, andfeathers, 23 1/2"x 14"x 11", private collection.

Inside: Male and Female Skeleton Candelabras, unknown Mexican artist from lzucar de Matamoros, c.1980s.Polychrome painted pottery, 21 3/4"x 17"x 5 1/2" (each approximate), private collection.

This publication was funded by the Jundt Art Museum's Annual Campaign 2000-2001.Photography by J. Craig Sweat. © Jundt Art Museum, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258-0001

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Jundt Art Museum26 Octubre· 14 Diciembre 2001Gonzaga Universltv, Spokane, Washington

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El 011 DE LOS MUERIOS: REFlEXIONES/lNSIIllCIONES

La Catrina-Ia calaca sonriente de sombrero emplumado de Jose Guadalupe Posada-es el claslco iconodel Dfa de los Muertos en Mexico. Mientras la sutil sonrisa de la Mona Lisa sugiere misterio, el gesto de LaCatrina es sarcastlco y desafiante. Sequn el poeta y ensayista Octavia Paz, su actitud irreverente refleja elespfritu de un pueblo que "se define y es inspirado par una fntima relaclon can la muerte." EI Dfa de los Muertos,afirma Paz, oscila entre la fiesta y el veloria, el grito y la oracion.

Can su cultura rica en referencias indfgenas y europeas, Mexico ha desarrollado sus propias tradicionesrelacionadas can las fiestas catolicas de Todos los Santos y el Dfa de los Muertos, celebradas el primero y dosnoviembre, respectivamente. De estas festividades, que conmemoran alas fieles muertos, santos y pecadores,ha surgido la creencia popular que los muertos regresan al mundo en estos dos dfas. Par eso, el 31 de octubre,en una tradicion consagrada par el tiempo, en las casas privadas y en lugares publicos se colocan altares canof rend as para guiar y honrar alas difuntos en su viaje de regreso. Las of rend as tradicionales, una fusion decostumbres indfgenas precolombinas y europeas de la epoca posterior a la conquista, consisten de calaverasde azucar, cernpasuchil, pan de muertos, velas blancas, imaqenes de los difuntos, y las comidas favoritas deellos. En rituales que varfan de region a region, la noche del dos de noviembre las familias se reunen en loscementerios. En celebraciones que suelen durar toda la noche, se concentran alrededor de las tumbas ancestralesque sirven de mesa de banquete.

Otras expresiones mas profanas del Dfa de los Muertos son las calaveras satlricas, esqueletos de juguetevestidos como humanos que aparecen en los lugares mas inesperados-iglesias, tabernas, dormitorios, oficinas-revelando los defectos y las debilidades humanos. Claramente irreverentes, las calaveras se burlan de lasdiferencias de clase y estatus social ya que la muerte, que iguala a todos, es la invitada de honor.

Permeado de historia e identidad cultural, el Dfa de los Muertos es un ritual rnultifacetico y sumamenteadaptable. Por eso mismo, no llama la atencion que haya side fuente de inspiracion para artistas chicanos ymexicano americanos por decadas. Muchos serigrafistas, muralistas y artistas de medios mixtos han incorporadoa las calaveras en sus obras, usandolas con frecuencia como sfmbolos flagrantes de orgullo cultural. En galerfasy museos nacionales, diversos artistas chicanos han elaborado altares conceptuales, combinando ofrend asreligiosas can testimonios seculares sugerentes. Ouizas haya side inevitable que algunos artistas anglos tam biense hayan apropiado 0 adoptado aspectos de esta tradicion poderosa que borra los Ifmites entre el ritual y el arte,el actor y su publico.

En esta exposicion del Museo de Arte Jundt, el director del rnuseo y el curador J. Scott Patnode reune a tresartistas, todos maestros de arte, que poseen distintas orientaciones culturales, mexicano americanas y angloamericanas-Patty Dike Haag, Carolyn Stephens y Ruben Trejo-para re-evaluar, participar en y evolucionarcon este genero siempre tan vital y mutante. .

Patty Dike Haag, reciente ganadora de una beca de Artist Trust GAP del estado de Washington, ha dadoclases de pintura, diserio y arte internacional en Spokane Falls Community College por mas de dos decadas.Haag estudio arte en la University of North Dakota, yen Emily Carr en Vancouver, Canada, y reclbio su maestrfaen la ensefianza de arte de Eastern Washington University. En esta exhibicion, sus investigaciones sobre lascelebraciones oaxaquefias del Dfa de los Muertos han tenido un gran impacto en su obra artlstica, Pero ellatarnbien ha incorporado elementos de otras culturas mundiales tan distintas como las de Tibet y del medio oestede los Estados Unidos. Haag revela, "Me crie en Minnesota y North Dakota, en paisajes muy asperos, rodeadapor gente escandinava minimalista para quienes toda palabra contaba." Respondiendo a estas influencias,escribe ella, "Yo practicaba el rnetodo, 'mientras mas abundante, tanto mejor,' creyendo que mas pinceladas,mas color y mas objetos serfan visual mente estimulantes y enriquecerfan mucho el trabajo. En lugar de eso, laprofusion se hizo una bella distraccion" La pieza de Haag da lugar a la reftexlon, Explica ella, "Hago unametafora de como quisiera vivir mi vida, en equilibrio, dejandorne libre a la lnspiracion a veces, pero tarnbienmanteniendorne en contacto conmigo misma, en un cicio permanente de inicio y fin:'

Originalmente Carolina Borsato, Carolyn Stephens nacio en British Columbia.Canada, de padres inmigrantesitalianos. Estudio arte en Whitman College y obtuvo la maestrfa en arte con enfasis en la ensefianza universitariade Eastern Washington University. Stephens ha side profesora de historia del arte y de dibujo en SpokaneCommunity College por mas de 20 afios, durante los cuales Ie fue otorgada una beca Fulbright para estudiar elarte y la cultura en Michoacan, Mexico. En un viaje posterior a Oaxaca, Mexico, para investigar el tema del Dfade los Muertos, Stephens dice que presencia "el espacio flufdo entre la vida y la muerte y la acogida de almastransitorias, tentadas por las of rend as en los altares. Los rituales no se vefan tanto como teatro sino como lavida cotidiana de la gente." La obra de Stephens es inspirada aquf por la lucha de su madre contra la enfermedad

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de Alzheimer. "Su vida transcurre en un mundo en que una persona nueva parece surgir de continuo mientrasque al mismo tiempo va perdiendo aspectos de su identidad que nunca seran recapturados." Stephens reflexionasobre el reto que Ie representa esta exhibici6n. "Nosotros, los artistas que ensefiarnos, elaboramos el artelIevando el peso de la historia del arte en los hombros. En esta instalaci6n, yo penetro en una regi6n desconocidaque se ernpefia en captar los avatares del tiempo, teniendo muy en cuenta el valor de la historia cultural."

Rub e n T r e j 0, r e con 0 c i d 0

internacionalmente como escultor yartista de medios mixtos, naci6 en St.Paul, Minnesota en una familia detrabajadores migrantes de Michoacan,Mexico. "La historia de mi familia es unade supervivencia," dice Trejo "Nacf en unvag6n del ferrocarril de C B Y Q, dondemi padre trabaj6 por treinta y ocho afios,Mi bagaje cultural evoca la magia quevincula a la gente mientras va y vienede Mexico: las laqrimas, el amor y elmisticismo." Trejo obtuvo los tftulos debachiller y maestrfa en Bellas Artes enla University of Minnesota. Primeroensef16 arte en St. Theresa's College enWinona, Minnesota. Ha ensefiadoescultura y humanidades en EasternWashington University en Cheney,Washington, por veintiocho afios. Trejoha exhibido a traves de los EstadosUnidos, as! como en Canada, Chile yMexico. Su pieza "C6dice para el sigloveintiuno" fue adquirida por la Instituci6nSmithsonian y aparece en el libro ArteLatino: Treasures of the SmithsonianMuseum of American Art (Yorba, 2001).Su instalaci6n Amor que matarepresenta respuestas y reminiscenciasdiversas a los sucesos traqlccsque ocurrieron el once de septiembrede este afio.

La exhibici6n El Dte de los Muettos:Reflexiones / instaiaciones puedeapreciarse en varios niveles. En primerainstancia es una invitaci6n a participar

en una tradici6n dinarnlca mexicanaimexicano americana. En otro nivel, sin embargo, leiexhibici6n hace eco delos paisajes interiores de tres artistas que toman prestada y reproducen una tradici6n que va mas alia de suslazos qeoqraficos y religiosos originales. Como Posada y otros artistas que los precedieron, Patty Dike Haag,Carolyn Stephens y Ruben Trejo reflexionan sobre el ciclo universal de la vida y la muerte para que nosotros,como observadores, podamos seguirlos creando nuestra propia trayectoria.

Barbara Loste

Barbara Loste es una educadora y muse6grafa que estudi6 y trabaj6 en Mexico durante muchos sties. Obtuvosu doctorado en Gonzaga University.-----------------------------------------Texto traducido por Stefania Nedderman, Martha Gonzales y Allan Englekirk, profesores en el Departamento de Lenguas Modernas,Gonzaga University.

Text translation by Stefania Nedderman, Martha Gonzales, and Allan Englekirk, professors in the Department of Modern Languages,Gonzaga University.