the dardanelles why is it in the husky fight song? bow down to washington, bow down to washington,...
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The DardanellesThe DardanellesWhy is it in the Husky Fight Song?Why is it in the Husky Fight Song?
• Bow Down to Washington,Bow Down to Washington,
Mighty Are The MenWho Wear the Purple and the Gold,
Joyfully We Welcome Them Within the Victors Fold.
We Will Carve Their NamesIn the Hall of Fame
To Preserve the Memory of Our Devotion.Heaven Help the Foes of Washington;
They're Trembling at the FeetOf Mighty Washington,
The Boys Are There With Bells,Their Fighting Blood Excels,
It's Harder to Push Them Over the LineThan Pass the Dardanelles.
Victory the Cry of Washington...Leather Lungs TogetherWith a Rah! Rah! Rah!
And O'er the LandOur Loyal Band
Will Sing the GloryOf Washington Forever.
The Crimean War [1854-1856]
The Crimean War [1854-1856]
Russia[claimed
protectorship over the Orthodox
Christians in the Ottoman Empire]
Ottoman Empire
Great Britain
France
Piedmont-Sardinia
BackgroundBackground• Free-hand in exchange for the balance Free-hand in exchange for the balance
of power, right?of power, right?
• ““Sick man of Europe” and the “Eastern Sick man of Europe” and the “Eastern Question”Question”
• Who is responsible for protecting Who is responsible for protecting Christians in the Ottoman Empire?Christians in the Ottoman Empire?– France or RussiaFrance or Russia
The Charge of the Light Brigade:
The Battle of Balaklava [1854]
The Charge of the Light Brigade:
The Battle of Balaklava [1854]
A romanticized poem of the battle by Alfred Lord Tennyson
Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward,All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred."Forward, the Light Brigade!"Charge for the guns!" he said:Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred…
Treaty of Paris [1856]Treaty of Paris [1856]
No Russian or Ottoman naval forces on the Black Sea.
All the major powers agreed to respect the political integrity of the Ottoman Empire.
Who benefitted?
Who lost big?
Results of the WarResults of the War First use of railroads and the
telegraph
The role of the nurse is literally invented
The British army discovered it needed major reform
Modern news reporting from the field – public learns the horror of war immediately
Count Cavour
[The “Head”]
Giuseppi Garibaldi
[The “Sword”]
King Victor Emmanuel
II
Giuseppi Mazzini
[The “Heart”]
Italian Nationalist Leaders
Italian Nationalist Leaders
Garibaldi Defends Rome Against the
French, (April 30, 1849)
Garibaldi Defends Rome Against the
French, (April 30, 1849)
Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Sardinia-Piedmont: The “Magnet”
Italian unification movement:
Risorgimento [“Resurgence
”]
Step #2: Piedmont-Sardinia Sends Troops
to the Crimea
Step #2: Piedmont-Sardinia Sends Troops
to the Crimea
What does Piedmont-Sardinia get in return?
Step #3: Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at
Plombières, 1858
Step #3: Cavour & Napoleon III Meet at
Plombières, 1858
What “deals” are made here?
Step #5: Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Step #5: Austro-Prussian War, 1866
Austria loses control of Venetia.
Venetia is annexed to Italy.
Step #6: Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour
Step #6: Garibaldi & His “Red Shirts” Unite with Cavour
A Unified Peninsula!A Unified Peninsula!
A contemporary British cartoon, entitled "Right Leg in the Boot at Last," shows Garibaldi helping Victor Emmanuel put on the Italian boot.
BackgroundBackground• Bismarck is awesome Bismarck is awesome
• German/Austrian relationsGerman/Austrian relations– Germanic connection historicallyGermanic connection historically– Habsburgs and the H.R.E.Habsburgs and the H.R.E.
• Everybody underestimates the Everybody underestimates the PrussiansPrussians– Why? The hat is scaryWhy? The hat is scary
Zollverein, 1834Zollverein, 1834TPS – What is it, how did it work, and how is it related to German TPS – What is it, how did it work, and how is it related to German
nationalism?nationalism?
Kaiser Wilhelm I (1861-1888)
Kaiser Wilhelm I (1861-1888)• Hohenzollern Hohenzollern
familyfamily
• William (German William (German – Wilhelm)– Wilhelm)
• Why accept now?Why accept now?– Remember he Remember he
famously declined famously declined the throne before?the throne before?
Helmut von MoltkeHelmut von Moltke• German Chief of German Chief of
StaffStaff
• Brilliant strategist – Brilliant strategist – created the modern created the modern Prussian army that Prussian army that would dominate the would dominate the last half of the 19last half of the 19thth century and set the century and set the stage for the 20thstage for the 20th
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
Chancellor Otto von Bismarck
“Blood&
Iron”
RealpolitikThe “IronChancello
r”
Otto von Bismarck . . . .
Otto von Bismarck . . . .The less people know about how
sausages and laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.
Never believe in anything until it has been officially denied.
The great questions of the day will not be settled by speeches and majority decisions—that was the mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.
Otto von Bismarck . . . .
Otto von Bismarck . . . .
I am bored. The great things are done. The German Reich is made.
A generation that has taken a beating is always followed by a generation that deals one.
Some damned foolish thing in the Balkans will provoke the next war.
Step #2: Austro-Prussian War
[Seven Weeks’ War], 1866
Step #2: Austro-Prussian War
[Seven Weeks’ War], 1866
PrussiaPrussia
AustriaAustria
Step #3: Creation of the Northern German
Confederation, 1867
Step #3: Creation of the Northern German
Confederation, 1867Shortly following the victory of Prussia, Bismarck eliminated the Austrian led German Confederation.
He then established a new North German Confederation which Prussia could control Peace of Prague
Step #4: Ems Dispatch [1870]:
Catalyst for War
Step #4: Ems Dispatch [1870]:
Catalyst for War1868 revolt in Spain.
Spanish leaders wantedPrince Leopold von Hohenz.[a cousin to the Kaiser & aCatholic], as their new king.
France protested & his name was withdrawn.
The Fr. Ambassador asked the Kaiser at Ems to apologize to Nap. III for supporting Leopold.
Bismarck “doctored” the telegram from Wilhelm to the French Ambassador to make it seem as though the Kaiser had insulted Napoleon III.
Step #5: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871]
Step #5: Franco-Prussian War[1870-1871]
German soldiers
“abusing” the French.
ResultsResults
• Humiliating defeat for FranceHumiliating defeat for France– Napoleon is forced outNapoleon is forced out
• Prussia and Germany convince the last Prussia and Germany convince the last two holdouts to jointwo holdouts to join
• Germany unitesGermany unites
• French / German relations are forever French / German relations are forever stainedstained– See WWI, WWII, and every World CupSee WWI, WWII, and every World Cup
Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]Treaty of Frankfurt [1871]
The Second French Empire collapsed and was replaced by the Third French Empire.The Italians took Rome and made it their capital.Russia put warships in the Black Sea [in defiance of the 1856 Treaty of Paris that ended the Crimean War]. -------------------France paid a huge indemnity and was occupied by German troops until it was paid.France ceded Alsace-Lorraine to Germany [a region rich in iron deposits with a flourishing textile industry].
Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the
Kaiser
Prussian Junkers Swear Their Allegiance to the
Kaiser
Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program
Bismarck’s Kulturkampf:Anti-Catholic Program
Take education and marriage out of the hands of the clergy civil marriages only recognized.
The Jesuits are expelled from Germany.
The education of Catholic priests would be under the supervision of the German government.
Bismarck’s relationship Bismarck’s relationship with the socialistswith the socialists
• If you can’t beat them, join themIf you can’t beat them, join them
• Germany becomes the most socially Germany becomes the most socially liberal state in Europe!liberal state in Europe!
– He decides that concessions are easier He decides that concessions are easier than fightingthan fighting• How ironicHow ironic
Bismarck’s Reapproachment
With the Catholic Church
Bismarck’s Reapproachment
With the Catholic Church
Bismarck & Pope Leo XIII
The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-
Hungary
The Compromise of 1867:The Dual Monarchy Austria-
Hungary
The Hungarian Flag
Alexander II [r. 1855-1881]Alexander II [r. 1855-1881]
Defeat in the Crimean War.
Emancipation of the Russian serfs [1861-1863].
Alexander III [r. 1881-1894]Alexander III [r. 1881-1894]
Reactionary.
Slavophile.
“Russification” program.
Jews forced migration to the Pale