the cultural/historic urban landscape: a resource for urban regeneration and local development

“THE SCIENCE OF THE CITY”

ADVANCED BRAINSTORM

CARREFOUR (ABC)

The PRIN Research ProjectThe Cultural/Historic Urban Landscape: A Resource for Urban Regeneration and Local Development

Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro, Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola

| 2016, 21-23 March

OUTLINE

1. Why the landscape approach? 1.1 The role of the landscape: an empirical evidence1.2 The quality of urban landscape1.3 The complex notion of urban cultural landscape and the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)

2. The complex landscape evaluation: from Naples Metropolitan City to the sub-area Torre Annunziata/Pompei

3. Conclusions

Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro, Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola| 2016, 21-23 MarchThe Science of the City

1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH?

All the values/goals/interests of a society are reflected in the landscape.: here we can regognize the culture itself of a society

The “health” of a city/territory and the human well-being in a city-territory can be read in the landscape.

The more important challenges of our time (health, safety, climate change, immigration, urbanization, energy, pollution, social disparities, poverty, etc.) are embedded in the landscape.

The landscape research contributes to the achievement of the Agenda 2030

The landscape stimulates an integrated symbiotic paradigm, because in teh landscape research all hard and soft sciences/disciplines are involved.

The landscape approach offers an unifying, holistic and relational notion/concept/idea for facing all the goals of the Agenda 2030.


1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH? Sustainable Development Goals


1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH?


1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH? The landscape is an holistic indicator of the sustainable, inclusive, safe, resilient city

Considering that the human well-being is the ultimate goal of sustainable development (United Nations, 2013), the landscape can be considered the syntetic indicator of the sustainability.

The perspective of landscape offers an integrated, holistic, and systemic approach to analyse urban transformations in urban planning toward sustainable development.


1. WHY THE LANDSCAPE APPROACH? There is an empirical evidence that a poor and degraded landscape determines a loss of systemic (economic, social/cultural, touristic, etc.) attractiveness and an economic loss.

The quality of landscape has often been considered as a pre-condition for urban regeneration, in turn capable of delivering a number of other (also economic) benefits.

This uniqueness of a landscape can become a catalyst for productive activities, especially creative/innovative ones if it is achieved with careful governance.


1.1 THE ROLE OF THE LANDSCAPE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Some cities (as ones in the International Cittaslow Network) have activated a process of “transition” towards a new model of development,.

They have improved both their natural and man-made landscape.

This approach has produced a relevant number of new economic, environmental and social benefits (Fusco Girard, 2013, 2014)..


1.1 THE ROLE OF THE LANDSCAPE: AN EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE


The role of urban complex landscape in city regeneration

1.2 THE QUALITY OF URBAN LANDSCAPE .


The quality of the urban landscape contributes to the productivity of the city (economic activities, especially the most innovative, and not only those associated with tourism).

1.2 THE QUALITY OF URBAN LANDSCAPE The experiences of Italian small cities (less than 50.000 inhabitants): positive aspects and limits

The beauty of landscape, interpreted as both a natural and a man-made system, a common element in the experience of many Italian many slow cities, has often been the point of entry of various local development policies.

This “beauty” has been the subject of careful management and enhancement strategies, both directly and indirectly.


1.2 THE QUALITY OF URBAN LANDSCAPE


1.3 THE COMPLEX NOTION OF URBAN CULTURAL LANDSCAPE AND THE HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL)

The Historic Urban Landscape, characterized by a high aesthetic quality, has been considered and managed as a great attractor.

In this landscape of outstanding beauty, specific activities and creative actions were included which aimed to enhance the particular identity of the different cities.

The capacity to conserve existing activities and the ability to attract new innovative activities is linked to a social and human quality landscape: a dense links of trust and personal relationships that stimulates synergies and symbiosis between social, built and natural landscapes.



The success has been due to those strategies that have managed to integrate their efforts to produce natural and built landscape with the quality of the social, human, landscape.

In this way, they have regenerated a demand, and then a new positive trend.

Their actions can be ascribed to the re-creation of a complex landscape to stimulate/regenerate a demand, and hence economic profitability for investments.



The EU Convention and the UNESCO Recommendations on HUL reflect the landscape as a dynamic /evolutionary system that changes during the time for satisfying social needs: it requires to be managed in a wise/ sustainable way, not only as a resource to be preserved.



The adoption of the UNESCO notion of the Historic Urban Landscape as a new approach to landscape management, characterized by a continuous process of change, suggests a shift from the control of resource conservation to a dynamic change management.

The Historic Urban Landscape approach, instead of controlling the characteristics of individual components of landscape and their value over time, suggests a new unitary way of seeing that encourages change, variability, diversity and also hybrid solutions, in order to improve overall systemic resilience




Example of Heritage Impact Assessment Matrix



The visual assessment is not consistent with the multidimensional, systemic and complex HUL approach. It must be enriched with an economic assessment of landscape, where the meta-economic values of the landscape are transformed into instrumental economic values.

n this way, it is also possible to compare the new economic benefits arising from a transformation with lost benefits. It is possible to review new developments and their localization to reduce damage to the landscape and hence its attractiveness.



Evaluations of different possible futures, understood as interpretation, anticipation of impacts, and comparison, are an essential tool not only to promote synergies to make the organization of the city more efficient and less wasteful through circularization processes, essential to reduce urban entropy.

They are also necessary for the construction of creative public-private-social partnerships, without which, in the context of scarce public resources, it becomes difficult to effectively provide for the development of different forms of urban landscape and, in particular, the establishment of symbiosis in the concrete space of places.



The HUL approach, being based on the relational principle, suggests the search for creative combinations of different forms of landscape to activate a new urban dynamic.

It requires new monetary and non-monetary quantitative/qualitative indicators to express the complex social value of the landscape, that is, the flow of net benefits resulting from it, in terms of: improving well-being/health preservation of cultural identity, integrity, uniqueness, a sense of belonging improving tourist attractiveness; attractiveness for the localization of (especially innovative) economic activities; attractiveness for the localization of new residents.

2. THE COMPLEX LANDSCAPE EVALUATION: FROM NAPLES METROPOLITAN CITY TO THE SUB-AREA TORRE ANNUNZIATA/POMPEI

The Complex Landscape in Naples Metropolitan City:contradictions, paradoxa, potentialities

> Naples Metropolitan City> Pompei buffer zone> Torre Annunziata




Paolo De Stefano ph



Torre AnnunziataPaolo De Stefano ph



Torre AnnunziataOplontis, Villa di Poppea



1. Integrated and multidimensional issues in Historic Urban Landscape at different scales: > Naples Metropolitan City; > Pompei buffer zone; > Torre Annunziata

2. Selection of indicators and their interpretation from the perspective of promoting human health and well-being: landscape as expression of health condition and well-being

3. Identification of homogeneous territorial units to support metropolitan policies and local scenario in a perspective of Agenda 2030:from Naples Metropolitan City to Torre Annunziata



To assess the possible impacts of a regenerative process on health, it has been developed a matrix of determinats and indicators, to monitor those multidimensional factors, involved in «social, cultural and economic aspects of conservation of urban values» (UNESCO, 2011, p.4a)



A ranking of the physical and spatial resources relating to urban themes, based on the importance of the social determinants of health, has been elaborated combining multi-criteria evaluation and GIS.

The synthetic map of the Historic Urban Metropolitan Landscape allows to detect the location and intensity of “social, cultural, economic aspects for the conservation of urban values” that involve heterogeneous urban variables on population health.



Intensity of urban processes on human health in the HUL of Naples Metropolitan City:metropolitan areas tend to change where the processes are particularly on healthy vibrant



The analysis reveals the importance of different urban areas in the hinterland undergoing expansion, as "new" incubators of economic, social and environmental processes, particularly relevant on the health determinants.



The socio-economic processes are often blocked by of the slowness of the bureaucracy and by the conflicts among different actors, as in areas of big social, environmental and epidemiological alarm (port areas of Torre Annunziata and Naples).



Starting from the total mapping of processes in the Historic Urban Metropolitan Landscape some units of homogeneous intensity levels are analyzed and drawn geographically, identifying some health landscape units. The definition of territorial perimeter portions has occurred a considerable variance of processes involving the determinants of health.

We have traced 8 units with the respective 56 sub-units where it is possible to observe the processes related to health of homogenous intensity.



Proposal of landscape units of human health in theHistoric Urban Metropolitan Landscape of Naples



A selection of BES Indicators (Istat, 2015) describers Pompei Buffer Zone and Torre Annunziata Municipality considering: 1. 8 domains and related indicators; 2. a statistical analysis by main components;3. a matrix of correlation of the significant indicators



Some paradoxes:

1. Incidence of young couples with children

2. Incidence of youth 15-29 years who do not study and do not work



Some paradoxes:

1. Inequality of income distribution

2. Index of social andmaterial vulnerability



Some relevant aspects:

1. Income level

2. Spending on culture



Some relevant aspects:

1. Incidence of youth 15-29 years who do not study and do not work

2. Spending on education



Some potentials:

1. Incidence of families in hardship assistance

2. Incidence of families with two or more cores



8 domains and related indicatorsas result of a statistical analysis by main components:potential and critical issues of well-being



Analysis of correlation of the significant indicatorsbelonging to different domains:some examples

Spending on culture and Associations




Slow mobility and Urban density




Inequality and educationand Improper housing



Three scenarios for the landscapeTorre Annunziata regeneration process

3. CONCLUSIONS


The methodological approach allow unusual lectures of the landscape to elaborate innovative regenerative strategies which could contribute to a new organization of sustainable urban processes.

The evaluative approach could be scaled in similar areas to support local policy-makers and decision-making process: to “cater to the monitoring and management of change, to improve the

quality of life and urban space” (UNESCO, 2011, 24 / b); to develop alternative scenarios for sustainable territorial regeneration; to assess the impacts, focusing on the concerns of the effects on the

holistic health of residents processes and well-being; to make integrated regenerative strategies operational.

3. CONCLUSIONS


The symbiosis city (port areas-city, city-rural areas, Pompei site-Torre Annunziata) is the general model proposed for Naples Metropolitan Area and Torre Annunziata. This model is based on the circular economic processes, where landscape can be considered as a complex index, expression of knowledge, identity, and memory, where the density of relationships is the intrinsic “glue” value.

THANK YOU

Luigi Fusco Girard, Maria Cerreta, Pasquale De Toro, Maria Rita Pinto, Serena Viola

| 2016, 21-23 March

the cultural/historic urban landscape: a resource for urban regeneration and local development

Education