the cramping leg management of peripheral vascular disease
DESCRIPTION
The Cramping Leg Management of peripheral vascular disease. Dr Patricia Yih Department of Surgery, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital Joint Hospital Surgical Grand Round 04/2009. Epidemiology. General prevalance 3-10% (ABI < 0.9) >70 years old: 15-20% Asymptomatic 75% - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Epidemiology General prevalance 3-10% (ABI < 0.9) >70 years old: 15-20% Asymptomatic 75% Symptomatic:
Intermittent claudication Critical limb ishcemia
Clinical Course
Hirsch AT et al. J Am Coll Cardiol
Asymptomatic PVD Vascular disease progression related to baseline ABI
Identical to symptomatic patients Coexisting vascular disease (atherosclerotic)
Coronary artery disease CVA
Risk: MI/CVA 5-7%/year, mortality 2%/year Also related to baseline ABI
Management: Intensive risk factor modifiation Antithrombotic therapy
Mehler PS et al. Circulation 2003
Intermittent Claudication Only about 25% deteriorate ever Disease progression related to:
ABI (<0.50 >2x more likely need intervention/amputation) Low ankle pressure (40-60mmHg 8.5% limb loss/year)
At 5 years:Stable (70-80%)
Worsening(10-20%)
Criticalischemia(5-10%)
Hirsch AT et al. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006; 47: 1239-1312
Risk Factor Modification Stop smoking Control of BP Control of DM Control of hyperlipidemia Weight reduction
Exercise Rehabilitation Supervised Program:
Treadmill or track walking to bring on claudication Followed by rest until pain subsided Then resume 30-60 minute sessions 3 times/week, for 3 months (TASC II guidelines,
Recommendation 14) Selective exercise of most ischemic muscles Doubles claudication distance in 80% of patients
Stewart K et al. N Engl J Med 2002
Drugs Antiplatelet agents
Aspirin Clopidogrel
Cilostazol (PletaalTM) Vasodilator, metabolic and antiplatelet activity Increased walking distance 50-70m Best evidence
Naftidrofuryl (PraxileneTM) Improve muscle metabolism, reduce RBC/platelet aggregation Increased walking distance by 26%
Pentoxifylline Similar to placebo
Regensteiner J et al. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002
Lehert P et al. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 1994
Indications for Intervention Severe, lifestyle-limiting
claudication Failed drug therapy and exercise Prerequisite:
Inflow satisfactory Distal runoff patent
SFA Disease
“Stupid Femoral Artery”High failure rate after intervention
Factors affecting result of intervention Multiple lesions Long segment stenosis Complete occlusion Below knee
Choice of intervention Surgical bypass
Vein graft Prosthetic graft
Endovascular Angioplasty Primary stenting Arthrectomy
Outcome Measures Usually considered together with critical ischemia Patency rate ABI Limb salvage Mortality
Surgical Bypass vs Angioplasty
TASC classification
Angioplasty
Bypass
If high risk for surgery
Surgical Bypass – ConduitSurgical Bypass – Conduit Autogenous vs prosthetic materials:
De Vries S et al, J Vasc Surg 1997
In-situ vs reversed vein graft: No difference
Mamode N et al, Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000
Angioplasty vs StentingAngioplasty vs Stenting Meta-analysis: no difference
1-Year Patency Rate Postoperative ABI
Mwipatayi et al, Journal of Vascular Surgery, Feb 2008
ConclusionConclusion Clinical course/deterioration, systemic disease related to
baseline ABI When to intervene?
Lifestyle limiting claudication, failure of conservative management
Radiological confirmation of adequate inflow and runoff required
Bypass or angioplasty? Depends on disease location, extent
Angioplasty: to stent or not? No difference
Depends on expertise available, patient condition